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+//===- TypeBasedAliasAnalysis.cpp - Type-Based Alias Analysis -------------===//
+//
+// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file defines the TypeBasedAliasAnalysis pass, which implements
+// metadata-based TBAA.
+//
+// In LLVM IR, memory does not have types, so LLVM's own type system is not
+// suitable for doing TBAA. Instead, metadata is added to the IR to describe
+// a type system of a higher level language. This can be used to implement
+// typical C/C++ TBAA, but it can also be used to implement custom alias
+// analysis behavior for other languages.
+//
+// The current metadata format is very simple. TBAA MDNodes have up to
+// three fields, e.g.:
+// !0 = metadata !{ metadata !"an example type tree" }
+// !1 = metadata !{ metadata !"int", metadata !0 }
+// !2 = metadata !{ metadata !"float", metadata !0 }
+// !3 = metadata !{ metadata !"const float", metadata !2, i64 1 }
+//
+// The first field is an identity field. It can be any value, usually
+// an MDString, which uniquely identifies the type. The most important
+// name in the tree is the name of the root node. Two trees with
+// different root node names are entirely disjoint, even if they
+// have leaves with common names.
+//
+// The second field identifies the type's parent node in the tree, or
+// is null or omitted for a root node. A type is considered to alias
+// all of its descendants and all of its ancestors in the tree. Also,
+// a type is considered to alias all types in other trees, so that
+// bitcode produced from multiple front-ends is handled conservatively.
+//
+// If the third field is present, it's an integer which if equal to 1
+// indicates that the type is "constant" (meaning pointsToConstantMemory
+// should return true; see
+// http://llvm.org/docs/AliasAnalysis.html#OtherItfs).
+//
+// TODO: The current metadata format doesn't support struct
+// fields. For example:
+// struct X {
+// double d;
+// int i;
+// };
+// void foo(struct X *x, struct X *y, double *p) {
+// *x = *y;
+// *p = 0.0;
+// }
+// Struct X has a double member, so the store to *x can alias the store to *p.
+// Currently it's not possible to precisely describe all the things struct X
+// aliases, so struct assignments must use conservative TBAA nodes. There's
+// no scheme for attaching metadata to @llvm.memcpy yet either.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/Passes.h"
+#include "llvm/Constants.h"
+#include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
+#include "llvm/Module.h"
+#include "llvm/Metadata.h"
+#include "llvm/Pass.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+using namespace llvm;
+
+// A handy option for disabling TBAA functionality. The same effect can also be
+// achieved by stripping the !tbaa tags from IR, but this option is sometimes
+// more convenient.
+static cl::opt<bool> EnableTBAA("enable-tbaa", cl::init(true));
+
+namespace {
+ /// TBAANode - This is a simple wrapper around an MDNode which provides a
+ /// higher-level interface by hiding the details of how alias analysis
+ /// information is encoded in its operands.
+ class TBAANode {
+ const MDNode *Node;
+
+ public:
+ TBAANode() : Node(0) {}
+ explicit TBAANode(const MDNode *N) : Node(N) {}
+
+ /// getNode - Get the MDNode for this TBAANode.
+ const MDNode *getNode() const { return Node; }
+
+ /// getParent - Get this TBAANode's Alias tree parent.
+ TBAANode getParent() const {
+ if (Node->getNumOperands() < 2)
+ return TBAANode();
+ MDNode *P = dyn_cast_or_null<MDNode>(Node->getOperand(1));
+ if (!P)
+ return TBAANode();
+ // Ok, this node has a valid parent. Return it.
+ return TBAANode(P);
+ }
+
+ /// TypeIsImmutable - Test if this TBAANode represents a type for objects
+ /// which are not modified (by any means) in the context where this
+ /// AliasAnalysis is relevant.
+ bool TypeIsImmutable() const {
+ if (Node->getNumOperands() < 3)
+ return false;
+ ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Node->getOperand(2));
+ if (!CI)
+ return false;
+ return CI->getValue()[0];
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+namespace {
+ /// TypeBasedAliasAnalysis - This is a simple alias analysis
+ /// implementation that uses TypeBased to answer queries.
+ class TypeBasedAliasAnalysis : public ImmutablePass,
+ public AliasAnalysis {
+ public:
+ static char ID; // Class identification, replacement for typeinfo
+ TypeBasedAliasAnalysis() : ImmutablePass(ID) {
+ initializeTypeBasedAliasAnalysisPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
+
+ virtual void initializePass() {
+ InitializeAliasAnalysis(this);
+ }
+
+ /// getAdjustedAnalysisPointer - This method is used when a pass implements
+ /// an analysis interface through multiple inheritance. If needed, it
+ /// should override this to adjust the this pointer as needed for the
+ /// specified pass info.
+ virtual void *getAdjustedAnalysisPointer(const void *PI) {
+ if (PI == &AliasAnalysis::ID)
+ return (AliasAnalysis*)this;
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ bool Aliases(const MDNode *A, const MDNode *B) const;
+
+ private:
+ virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const;
+ virtual AliasResult alias(const Location &LocA, const Location &LocB);
+ virtual bool pointsToConstantMemory(const Location &Loc, bool OrLocal);
+ virtual ModRefBehavior getModRefBehavior(ImmutableCallSite CS);
+ virtual ModRefBehavior getModRefBehavior(const Function *F);
+ virtual ModRefResult getModRefInfo(ImmutableCallSite CS,
+ const Location &Loc);
+ virtual ModRefResult getModRefInfo(ImmutableCallSite CS1,
+ ImmutableCallSite CS2);
+ };
+} // End of anonymous namespace
+
+// Register this pass...
+char TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::ID = 0;
+INITIALIZE_AG_PASS(TypeBasedAliasAnalysis, AliasAnalysis, "tbaa",
+ "Type-Based Alias Analysis", false, true, false)
+
+ImmutablePass *llvm::createTypeBasedAliasAnalysisPass() {
+ return new TypeBasedAliasAnalysis();
+}
+
+void
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
+ AU.setPreservesAll();
+ AliasAnalysis::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
+}
+
+/// Aliases - Test whether the type represented by A may alias the
+/// type represented by B.
+bool
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::Aliases(const MDNode *A,
+ const MDNode *B) const {
+ // Keep track of the root node for A and B.
+ TBAANode RootA, RootB;
+
+ // Climb the tree from A to see if we reach B.
+ for (TBAANode T(A); ; ) {
+ if (T.getNode() == B)
+ // B is an ancestor of A.
+ return true;
+
+ RootA = T;
+ T = T.getParent();
+ if (!T.getNode())
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Climb the tree from B to see if we reach A.
+ for (TBAANode T(B); ; ) {
+ if (T.getNode() == A)
+ // A is an ancestor of B.
+ return true;
+
+ RootB = T;
+ T = T.getParent();
+ if (!T.getNode())
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Neither node is an ancestor of the other.
+
+ // If they have different roots, they're part of different potentially
+ // unrelated type systems, so we must be conservative.
+ if (RootA.getNode() != RootB.getNode())
+ return true;
+
+ // If they have the same root, then we've proved there's no alias.
+ return false;
+}
+
+AliasAnalysis::AliasResult
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::alias(const Location &LocA,
+ const Location &LocB) {
+ if (!EnableTBAA)
+ return AliasAnalysis::alias(LocA, LocB);
+
+ // Get the attached MDNodes. If either value lacks a tbaa MDNode, we must
+ // be conservative.
+ const MDNode *AM = LocA.TBAATag;
+ if (!AM) return AliasAnalysis::alias(LocA, LocB);
+ const MDNode *BM = LocB.TBAATag;
+ if (!BM) return AliasAnalysis::alias(LocA, LocB);
+
+ // If they may alias, chain to the next AliasAnalysis.
+ if (Aliases(AM, BM))
+ return AliasAnalysis::alias(LocA, LocB);
+
+ // Otherwise return a definitive result.
+ return NoAlias;
+}
+
+bool TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::pointsToConstantMemory(const Location &Loc,
+ bool OrLocal) {
+ if (!EnableTBAA)
+ return AliasAnalysis::pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, OrLocal);
+
+ const MDNode *M = Loc.TBAATag;
+ if (!M) return AliasAnalysis::pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, OrLocal);
+
+ // If this is an "immutable" type, we can assume the pointer is pointing
+ // to constant memory.
+ if (TBAANode(M).TypeIsImmutable())
+ return true;
+
+ return AliasAnalysis::pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, OrLocal);
+}
+
+AliasAnalysis::ModRefBehavior
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::getModRefBehavior(ImmutableCallSite CS) {
+ if (!EnableTBAA)
+ return AliasAnalysis::getModRefBehavior(CS);
+
+ ModRefBehavior Min = UnknownModRefBehavior;
+
+ // If this is an "immutable" type, we can assume the call doesn't write
+ // to memory.
+ if (const MDNode *M = CS.getInstruction()->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_tbaa))
+ if (TBAANode(M).TypeIsImmutable())
+ Min = OnlyReadsMemory;
+
+ return ModRefBehavior(AliasAnalysis::getModRefBehavior(CS) & Min);
+}
+
+AliasAnalysis::ModRefBehavior
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::getModRefBehavior(const Function *F) {
+ // Functions don't have metadata. Just chain to the next implementation.
+ return AliasAnalysis::getModRefBehavior(F);
+}
+
+AliasAnalysis::ModRefResult
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::getModRefInfo(ImmutableCallSite CS,
+ const Location &Loc) {
+ if (!EnableTBAA)
+ return AliasAnalysis::getModRefInfo(CS, Loc);
+
+ if (const MDNode *L = Loc.TBAATag)
+ if (const MDNode *M =
+ CS.getInstruction()->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_tbaa))
+ if (!Aliases(L, M))
+ return NoModRef;
+
+ return AliasAnalysis::getModRefInfo(CS, Loc);
+}
+
+AliasAnalysis::ModRefResult
+TypeBasedAliasAnalysis::getModRefInfo(ImmutableCallSite CS1,
+ ImmutableCallSite CS2) {
+ if (!EnableTBAA)
+ return AliasAnalysis::getModRefInfo(CS1, CS2);
+
+ if (const MDNode *M1 =
+ CS1.getInstruction()->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_tbaa))
+ if (const MDNode *M2 =
+ CS2.getInstruction()->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_tbaa))
+ if (!Aliases(M1, M2))
+ return NoModRef;
+
+ return AliasAnalysis::getModRefInfo(CS1, CS2);
+}