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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "MORE" P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" more 
+.SH NAME
+more \- display files on a page-by-page basis
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fBmore\fP \fB[\fP\fB-ceisu\fP\fB][\fP\fB-n\fP \fInumber\fP\fB][\fP\fB-p\fP
+\fIcommand\fP\fB][\fP\fB-t\fP \fItagstring\fP\fB][\fP\fIfile\fP \fB...\fP\fB]\fP\fB\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fImore\fP utility shall read files and either write them to the
+terminal on a page-by-page basis or filter them to
+standard output. If standard output is not a terminal device, all
+input files shall be copied to standard output in their entirety,
+without modification, except as specified for the \fB-s\fP option.
+If standard output is a terminal device, the files shall be
+written a number of lines (one screenful) at a time under the control
+of user commands. See the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section.
+.LP
+Certain block-mode terminals do not have all the capabilities necessary
+to support the complete \fImore\fP definition; they are
+incapable of accepting commands that are not terminated with a <newline>.
+Implementations that support such terminals shall
+provide an operating mode to \fImore\fP in which all commands can
+be terminated with a <newline> on those terminals. This
+mode:
+.IP " *" 3
+Shall be documented in the system documentation
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+Shall, at invocation, inform the user of the terminal deficiency that
+requires the <newline> usage and provide
+instructions on how this warning can be suppressed in future invocations
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+Shall not be required for implementations supporting only fully capable
+terminals
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+Shall not affect commands already requiring <newline>s
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+Shall not affect users on the capable terminals from using \fImore\fP
+as described in this volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001
+.LP
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+The \fImore\fP utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
+of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
+.LP
+The following options shall be supported:
+.TP 7
+\fB-c\fP
+If a screen is to be written that has no lines in common with the
+current screen, or \fImore\fP is writing its first screen,
+\fImore\fP shall not scroll the screen, but instead shall redraw each
+line of the screen in turn, from the top of the screen to
+the bottom. In addition, if \fImore\fP is writing its first screen,
+the screen shall be cleared. This option may be silently
+ignored on devices with insufficient terminal capabilities.
+.TP 7
+\fB-e\fP
+By default, \fImore\fP shall exit immediately after writing the last
+line of the last file in the argument list. If the
+\fB-e\fP option is specified: 
+.RS
+.IP " 1." 4
+If there is only a single file in the argument list and that file
+was completely displayed on a single screen, \fImore\fP shall
+exit immediately after writing the last line of that file.
+.LP
+.IP " 2." 4
+Otherwise, \fImore\fP shall exit only after reaching end-of-file on
+the last file in the argument list twice without an
+intervening operation. See the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section.
+.LP
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fB-i\fP
+Perform pattern matching in searches without regard to case; see the
+Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+Section 9.2, Regular Expression General Requirements.
+.TP 7
+\fB-n\ \fP \fInumber\fP
+Specify the number of lines per screenful. The \fInumber\fP argument
+is a positive decimal integer. The \fB-n\fP option shall
+override any values obtained from any other source.
+.TP 7
+\fB-p\ \fP \fIcommand\fP
+Each time a screen from a new file is displayed or redisplayed (including
+as a result of \fImore\fP commands; for example,
+\fB:p\fP), execute the \fImore\fP command(s) in the command arguments
+in the order specified, as if entered by the user after the
+first screen has been displayed. No intermediate results shall be
+displayed (that is, if the command is a movement to a screen
+different from the normal first screen, only the screen resulting
+from the command shall be displayed.) If any of the commands fail
+for any reason, an informational message to this effect shall be written,
+and no further commands specified using the \fB-p\fP
+option shall be executed for this file.
+.TP 7
+\fB-s\fP
+Behave as if consecutive empty lines were a single empty line.
+.TP 7
+\fB-t\ \fP \fItagstring\fP
+Write the screenful of the file containing the tag named by the \fItagstring\fP
+argument. See the \fIctags\fP utility. The tags feature represented
+by \fB-t\fP \fItagstring\fP and the \fB:t\fP command is
+optional. It shall be provided on any system that also provides a
+conforming implementation of \fIctags\fP; otherwise, the use of \fB-t\fP
+produces undefined results. 
+.LP
+The filename resulting from the \fB-t\fP option shall be logically
+added as a prefix to the list of command line files, as if
+specified by the user. If the tag named by the \fItagstring\fP argument
+is not found, it shall be an error, and \fImore\fP shall
+take no further action.
+.LP
+If the tag specifies a line number, the first line of the display
+shall contain the beginning of that line. If the tag specifies
+a pattern, the first line of the display shall contain the beginning
+of the matching text from the first line of the file that
+contains that pattern. If the line does not exist in the file or matching
+text is not found, an informational message to this
+effect shall be displayed, and \fImore\fP shall display the default
+screen as if \fB-t\fP had not been specified.
+.LP
+If both the \fB-t\fP \fItagstring\fP and \fB-p\fP \fIcommand\fP options
+are given, the \fB-t\fP \fItagstring\fP shall be
+processed first; that is, the file and starting line for the display
+shall be as specified by \fB-t\fP, and then the \fB-p\fP
+\fImore\fP command shall be executed. If the line (matching text)
+specified by the \fB-t\fP command does not exist (is not
+found), no \fB-p\fP \fImore\fP command shall be executed for this
+file at any time.
+.TP 7
+\fB-u\fP
+Treat a <backspace> as a printable control character, displayed as
+an implementation-defined character sequence (see the
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section), suppressing backspacing and the special
+handling that produces underlined or standout mode text on
+some terminal types. Also, do not ignore a <carriage-return> at the
+end of a line.
+.sp
+.SH OPERANDS
+.LP
+The following operand shall be supported:
+.TP 7
+\fIfile\fP
+A pathname of an input file. If no \fIfile\fP operands are specified,
+the standard input shall be used. If a \fIfile\fP is
+\fB'-'\fP , the standard input shall be read at that point in the
+sequence.
+.sp
+.SH STDIN
+.LP
+The standard input shall be used only if no \fIfile\fP operands are
+specified, or if a \fIfile\fP operand is \fB'-'\fP
+\&.
+.SH INPUT FILES
+.LP
+The input files being examined shall be text files. If standard output
+is a terminal, standard error shall be used to read
+commands from the user. If standard output is a terminal, standard
+error is not readable, and command input is needed, \fImore\fP
+may attempt to obtain user commands from the controlling terminal
+(for example, \fB/dev/tty\fP); otherwise, \fImore\fP shall
+terminate with an error indicating that it was unable to read user
+commands. If standard output is not a terminal, no error shall
+result if standard error cannot be opened for reading.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.LP
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+\fImore\fP:
+.TP 7
+\fICOLUMNS\fP
+Override the system-selected horizontal display line size. See the
+Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+Chapter 8, Environment Variables for valid values and results when
+it is unset or
+null.
+.TP 7
+\fIEDITOR\fP
+Used by the \fBv\fP command to select an editor. See the EXTENDED
+DESCRIPTION section.
+.TP 7
+\fILANG\fP
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
+are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
+for
+the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.TP 7
+\fILC_ALL\fP
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_COLLATE\fP
+.sp
+Determine the locale for the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes,
+and multi-character collating elements within regular
+expressions.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_CTYPE\fP
+Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
+of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
+opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files) and
+the behavior of character classes within regular
+expressions.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error and
+informative messages written to standard output.
+.TP 7
+\fINLSPATH\fP
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
+\&.\fP 
+.TP 7
+\fILINES\fP
+Override the system-selected vertical screen size, used as the number
+of lines in a screenful. See the Base Definitions volume
+of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Chapter 8, Environment Variables for valid
+values and
+results when it is unset or null. The \fB-n\fP option shall take precedence
+over the \fILINES\fP variable for determining the
+number of lines in a screenful.
+.TP 7
+\fIMORE\fP
+Determine a string containing options described in the OPTIONS section
+preceded with hyphens and <blank>-separated as on
+the command line. Any command line options shall be processed after
+those in the \fIMORE\fP variable, as if the command line were:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBmore $MORE\fP \fIoptions operands\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+The \fIMORE\fP variable shall take precedence over the \fITERM\fP
+and \fILINES\fP variables for determining the number of
+lines in a screenful.
+.TP 7
+\fITERM\fP
+Determine the name of the terminal type. If this variable is unset
+or null, an unspecified default terminal type is used.
+.sp
+.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.LP
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+.LP
+The standard output shall be used to write the contents of the input
+files.
+.SH STDERR
+.LP
+The standard error shall be used for diagnostic messages and user
+commands (see the INPUT FILES section), and, if standard
+output is a terminal device, to write a prompting string. The prompting
+string shall appear on the screen line below the last line
+of the file displayed in the current screenful. The prompt shall contain
+the name of the file currently being examined and shall
+contain an end-of-file indication and the name of the next file, if
+any, when prompting at the end-of-file. If an error or
+informational message is displayed, it is unspecified whether it is
+contained in the prompt. If it is not contained in the prompt,
+it shall be displayed and then the user shall be prompted for a continuation
+character, at which point another message or the user
+prompt may be displayed. The prompt is otherwise unspecified. It is
+unspecified whether informational messages are written for
+other user commands.
+.SH OUTPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The following section describes the behavior of \fImore\fP when the
+standard output is a terminal device. If the standard
+output is not a terminal device, no options other than \fB-s\fP shall
+have any effect, and all input files shall be copied to
+standard output otherwise unmodified, at which time \fImore\fP shall
+exit without further action.
+.LP
+The number of lines available per screen shall be determined by the
+\fB-n\fP option, if present, or by examining values in the
+environment (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section). If neither method
+yields a number, an unspecified number of lines shall be
+used.
+.LP
+The maximum number of lines written shall be one less than this number,
+because the screen line after the last line written
+shall be used to write a user prompt and user input. If the number
+of lines in the screen is less than two, the results are
+undefined. It is unspecified whether user input is permitted to be
+longer than the remainder of the single line where the prompt
+has been written.
+.LP
+The number of columns available per line shall be determined by examining
+values in the environment (see the ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES section), with a default value as described in the Base
+Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Chapter 8, Environment
+Variables.
+.LP
+Lines that are longer than the display shall be folded; the length
+at which folding occurs is unspecified, but should be
+appropriate for the output device. Folding may occur between glyphs
+of single characters that take up multiple display columns.
+.LP
+When standard output is a terminal and \fB-u\fP is not specified,
+\fImore\fP shall treat <backspace>s and
+<carriage-return>s specially:
+.IP " *" 3
+A character, followed first by a sequence of \fIn\fP <backspace>s
+(where \fIn\fP is the same as the number of column
+positions that the character occupies), then by \fIn\fP underscore
+characters ( \fB'_'\fP ), shall cause that character to be
+written as underlined text, if the terminal type supports that. The
+\fIn\fP underscore characters, followed first by \fIn\fP
+<backspace>s, then any character with \fIn\fP column positions, shall
+also cause that character to be written as underlined
+text, if the terminal type supports that.
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+A sequence of \fIn\fP <backspace>s (where \fIn\fP is the same as the
+number of column positions that the previous
+character occupies) that appears between two identical printable characters
+shall cause the first of those two characters to be
+written as emboldened text (that is, visually brighter, standout mode,
+or inverse-video mode), if the terminal type supports that,
+and the second to be discarded. Immediately subsequent occurrences
+of <backspace>/ character pairs for that same character
+shall also be discarded. (For example, the sequence \fB"a\\ba\\ba\\ba"\fP
+is interpreted as a single emboldened \fB'a'\fP .)
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+The \fImore\fP utility shall logically discard all other <backspace>s
+from the line as well as the character which
+precedes them, if any.
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+A <carriage-return> at the end of a line shall be ignored, rather
+than being written as a non-printable character, as
+described in the next paragraph.
+.LP
+.LP
+It is implementation-defined how other non-printable characters are
+written. Implementations should use the same format that
+they use for the \fIex\fP \fBprint\fP command; see the OPTIONS section
+within the \fIed\fP utility. It is unspecified whether a multi-column
+character shall be separated if it crosses a
+display line boundary; it shall not be discarded. The behavior is
+unspecified if the number of columns on the display is less than
+the number of columns any single character in the line being displayed
+would occupy.
+.LP
+When each new file is displayed (or redisplayed), \fImore\fP shall
+write the first screen of the file. Once the initial screen
+has been written, \fImore\fP shall prompt for a user command. If the
+execution of the user command results in a screen that has
+lines in common with the current screen, and the device has sufficient
+terminal capabilities, \fImore\fP shall scroll the screen;
+otherwise, it is unspecified whether the screen is scrolled or redrawn.
+.LP
+For all files but the last (including standard input if no file was
+specified, and for the last file as well, if the \fB-e\fP
+option was not specified), when \fImore\fP has written the last line
+in the file, \fImore\fP shall prompt for a user command.
+This prompt shall contain the name of the next file as well as an
+indication that \fImore\fP has reached end-of-file. If the user
+command is \fBf\fP, <control>-F, <space>, \fBj\fP, <newline>, \fBd\fP,
+<control>-D, or \fBs\fP,
+\fImore\fP shall display the next file. Otherwise, if displaying the
+last file, \fImore\fP shall exit. Otherwise, \fImore\fP
+shall execute the user command specified.
+.LP
+Several of the commands described in this section display a previous
+screen from the input stream. In the case that text is
+being taken from a non-rewindable stream, such as a pipe, it is implementation-defined
+how much backwards motion is supported. If a
+command cannot be executed because of a limitation on backwards motion,
+an error message to this effect shall be displayed, the
+current screen shall not change, and the user shall be prompted for
+another command.
+.LP
+If a command cannot be performed because there are insufficient lines
+to display, \fImore\fP shall alert the terminal. If a
+command cannot be performed because there are insufficient lines to
+display or a \fB/\fP command fails: if the input is the
+standard input, the last screen in the file may be displayed; otherwise,
+the current file and screen shall not change, and the user
+shall be prompted for another command.
+.LP
+The interactive commands in the following sections shall be supported.
+Some commands can be preceded by a decimal integer,
+called \fIcount\fP in the following descriptions. If not specified
+with the command, \fIcount\fP shall default to 1. In the
+following descriptions, \fIpattern\fP is a basic regular expression,
+as described in the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 9.3, Basic Regular Expressions. The
+term "examine" is historical usage meaning "open the file for viewing'';
+for example, \fImore\fP \fBfoo\fP would be expressed
+as examining file \fBfoo\fP.
+.LP
+In the following descriptions, unless otherwise specified, \fIline\fP
+is a line in the \fImore\fP display, not a line from the
+file being examined.
+.LP
+In the following descriptions, the \fIcurrent position\fP refers to
+two things:
+.IP " 1." 4
+The position of the current line on the screen
+.LP
+.IP " 2." 4
+The line number (in the file) of the current line on the screen
+.LP
+.LP
+Usually, the line on the screen corresponding to the current position
+is the third line on the screen. If this is not possible
+(there are fewer than three lines to display or this is the first
+page of the file, or it is the last page of the file), then the
+current position is either the first or last line on the screen as
+described later.
+.SS Help
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBh
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Write a summary of these commands and other implementation-defined
+commands. The behavior shall be as if the \fImore\fP utility
+were executed with the \fB-e\fP option on a file that contained the
+summary information. The user shall be prompted as described
+earlier in this section when end-of-file is reached. If the user command
+is one of those specified to continue to the next file,
+\fImore\fP shall return to the file and screen state from which the
+\fBh\fP command was executed.
+.SS Scroll Forward One Screenful
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBf
+\fP\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB<control>-F
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Scroll forward \fIcount\fP lines, with a default of one screenful.
+If \fIcount\fP is more than the screen size, only the final
+screenful shall be written.
+.SS Scroll Backward One Screenful
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBb
+\fP\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB<control>-B
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Scroll backward \fIcount\fP lines, with a default of one screenful
+(see the \fB-n\fP option). If \fIcount\fP is more than the
+screen size, only the final screenful shall be written.
+.SS Scroll Forward One Line
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB<space>
+\fP\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBj
+\fP\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB<newline>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Scroll forward \fIcount\fP lines. The default \fIcount\fP for the
+<space> shall be one screenful; for \fBj\fP and
+<newline>, one line. The entire \fIcount\fP lines shall be written,
+even if \fIcount\fP is more than the screen size.
+.SS Scroll Backward One Line
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBk
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Scroll backward \fIcount\fP lines. The entire \fIcount\fP lines shall
+be written, even if \fIcount\fP is more than the screen
+size.
+.SS Scroll Forward One Half Screenful
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBd
+\fP\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB<control>-D
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Scroll forward \fIcount\fP lines, with a default of one half of the
+screen size. If \fIcount\fP is specified, it shall become
+the new default for subsequent \fBd\fP, <control>-D, and \fBu\fP commands.
+.SS Skip Forward One Line
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBs
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Display the screenful beginning with the line \fIcount\fP lines after
+the last line on the current screen. If \fIcount\fP
+would cause the current position to be such that less than one screenful
+would be written, the last screenful in the file shall be
+written.
+.SS Scroll Backward One Half Screenful
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBu
+\fP\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB<control>-U
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Scroll backward \fIcount\fP lines, with a default of one half of the
+screen size. If \fIcount\fP is specified, it shall become
+the new default for subsequent \fBd\fP, <control>-D, \fBu\fP, and
+<control>-U commands. The entire \fIcount\fP lines
+shall be written, even if \fIcount\fP is more than the screen size.
+.SS Go to Beginning of File
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBg
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Display the screenful beginning with line \fIcount\fP.
+.SS Go to End-of-File
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBG
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+If \fIcount\fP is specified, display the screenful beginning with
+the line \fIcount\fP. Otherwise, display the last screenful
+of the file.
+.SS Refresh the Screen
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBr
+<control>-L
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Refresh the screen.
+.SS Discard and Refresh
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBR
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Refresh the screen, discarding any buffered input. If the current
+file is non-seekable, buffered input shall not be discarded
+and the \fBR\fP command shall be equivalent to the \fBr\fP command.
+.SS Mark Position
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBm\fP\fIletter\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Mark the current position with the letter named by \fIletter\fP, where
+\fIletter\fP represents the name of one of the
+lowercase letters of the portable character set. When a new file is
+examined, all marks may be lost.
+.SS Return to Mark
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB'\fP\fIletter\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Return to the position that was previously marked with the letter
+named by \fIletter\fP, making that line the current
+position.
+.SS Return to Previous Position
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB''
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Return to the position from which the last large movement command
+was executed (where a "large movement" is defined as any
+movement of more than a screenful of lines). If no such movements
+have been made, return to the beginning of the file.
+.SS Search Forward for Pattern
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB/\fP\fB[\fP\fB!\fP\fB]\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB<newline>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Display the screenful beginning with the \fIcount\fPth line containing
+the pattern. The search shall start after the first line
+currently displayed. The null regular expression ( \fB'/'\fP followed
+by a <newline>) shall repeat the search using the
+previous regular expression, with a default \fIcount\fP. If the character
+\fB'!'\fP is included, the matching lines shall be
+those that do not contain the \fIpattern\fP. If no match is found
+for the \fIpattern\fP, a message to that effect shall be
+displayed.
+.SS Search Backward for Pattern
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB?\fP\fB[\fP\fB!\fP\fB]\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB<newline>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Display the screenful beginning with the \fIcount\fPth previous line
+containing the pattern. The search shall start on the last
+line before the first line currently displayed. The null regular expression
+( \fB'?'\fP followed by a <newline>) shall
+repeat the search using the previous regular expression, with a default
+\fIcount\fP. If the character \fB'!'\fP is included,
+matching lines shall be those that do not contain the \fIpattern\fP.
+If no match is found for the \fIpattern\fP, a message to
+that effect shall be displayed.
+.SS Repeat Search
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBn
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Repeat the previous search for \fIcount\fPth line containing the last
+\fIpattern\fP (or not containing the last
+\fIpattern\fP, if the previous search was \fB"/!"\fP or \fB"?!"\fP
+).
+.SS Repeat Search in Reverse
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fBN
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Repeat the search in the opposite direction of the previous search
+for the \fIcount\fPth line containing the last
+\fIpattern\fP (or not containing the last \fIpattern\fP, if the previous
+search was \fB"/!"\fP or \fB"?!"\fP ).
+.SS Examine New File
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB:e\fP \fB[\fP\fIfilename\fP\fB]\fP\fB<newline>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Examine a new file. If the \fIfilename\fP argument is not specified,
+the current file (see the \fB:n\fP and \fB:p\fP commands
+below) shall be re-examined. The \fIfilename\fP shall be subjected
+to the process of shell word expansions (see \fIWord Expansions\fP
+); if more than a single pathname results, the effects are unspecified.
+If
+\fIfilename\fP is a number sign ( \fB'#'\fP ), the previously examined
+file shall be re-examined. If \fIfilename\fP is not
+accessible for any reason (including that it is a non-seekable file),
+an error message to this effect shall be displayed and the
+current file and screen shall not change.
+.SS Examine Next File
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB:n
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Examine the next file. If a number \fIcount\fP is specified, the \fIcount\fPth
+next file shall be examined. If \fIfilename\fP
+refers to a non-seekable file, the results are unspecified.
+.SS Examine Previous File
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[\fP\fIcount\fP\fB]\fP\fB:p
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Examine the previous file. If a number \fIcount\fP is specified, the
+\fIcount\fPth previous file shall be examined. If
+\fIfilename\fP refers to a non-seekable file, the results are unspecified.
+.SS Go to Tag
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB:t\fP \fItagstring\fP\fB<newline>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+If the file containing the tag named by the \fItagstring\fP argument
+is not the current file, examine the file, as if the
+\fB:e\fP command was executed with that file as the argument. Otherwise,
+or in addition, display the screenful beginning with the
+tag, as described for the \fB-t\fP option (see the OPTIONS section).
+If the \fIctags\fP
+utility is not supported by the system, the use of \fB:t\fP produces
+undefined results.
+.SS Invoke Editor
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBv
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Invoke an editor to edit the current file being examined. If standard
+input is being examined, the results are unspecified. The
+name of the editor shall be taken from the environment variable \fIEDITOR
+,\fP or shall default to \fIvi\fP. If the last pathname component
+in \fIEDITOR\fP is either \fIvi\fP or \fIex\fP, the editor shall be
+invoked with a \fB-c\fP
+\fIlinenumber\fP command line argument, where \fIlinenumber\fP is
+the line number of the file line containing the display line
+currently displayed as the first line of the screen. It is implementation-defined
+whether line-setting options are passed to
+editors other than \fIvi\fP and \fIex\fP.
+.LP
+When the editor exits, \fImore\fP shall resume with the same file
+and screen as when the editor was invoked.
+.SS Display Position
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB=
+<control>-G
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Write a message for which the information references the first byte
+of the line after the last line of the file on the screen.
+This message shall include the name of the file currently being examined,
+its number relative to the total number of files there
+are to examine, the line number in the file, the byte number and the
+total bytes in the file, and what percentage of the file
+precedes the current position. If \fImore\fP is reading from standard
+input, or the file is shorter than a single screen, the line
+number, the byte number, the total bytes, and the percentage need
+not be written.
+.SS Quit
+.TP 7
+\fISynopsis\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBq
+:q
+ZZ
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+Exit \fImore\fP.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.LP
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.TP 7
+\ 0
+Successful completion.
+.TP 7
+>0
+An error occurred.
+.sp
+.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+.LP
+If an error is encountered accessing a file when using the \fB:n\fP
+command, \fImore\fP shall attempt to examine the next file
+in the argument list, but the final exit status shall be affected.
+If an error is encountered accessing a file via the \fB:p\fP
+command, \fImore\fP shall attempt to examine the previous file in
+the argument list, but the final exit status shall be affected.
+If an error is encountered accessing a file via the \fB:e\fP command,
+\fImore\fP shall remain in the current file and the final
+exit status shall not be affected.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+When the standard output is not a terminal, only the \fB-s\fP filter-modification
+option is effective. This is based on
+historical practice. For example, a typical implementation of \fIman\fP
+pipes its output
+through \fImore\fP \fB-s\fP to squeeze excess white space for terminal
+users. When \fIman\fP
+is piped to \fIlp\fP, however, it is undesirable for this squeezing
+to happen.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+The \fB-p\fP allows arbitrary commands to be executed at the start
+of each file. Examples are:
+.TP 7
+\fImore\ \fP \fB-p\ G\ \fP \fIfile1\ file2\fP
+.sp
+Examine each file starting with its last screenful.
+.TP 7
+\fImore\ \fP \fB-p\ \fP 100\ \fIfile1\ file2\fP
+.sp
+Examine each file starting with line 100 in the current position (usually
+the third line, so line 98 would be the first line
+written).
+.TP 7
+\fImore\ \fP \fB-p\ \fP /100\ \fIfile1\ file2\fP
+.sp
+Examine each file starting with the first line containing the string
+\fB"100"\fP in the current position
+.sp
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+The \fImore\fP utility, available in BSD and BSD-derived systems,
+was chosen as the prototype for the POSIX file display
+program since it is more widely available than either the public-domain
+program \fIless\fP or than \fIpg\fP, a pager provided in
+System V. The 4.4 BSD \fImore\fP is the model for the features selected;
+it is almost fully upwards-compatible from the 4.3 BSD
+version in wide use and has become more amenable for \fIvi\fP users.
+Several features
+originally derived from various file editors, found in both \fIless\fP
+and \fIpg\fP, have been added to this volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 as they have proved extremely popular with
+users.
+.LP
+There are inconsistencies between \fImore\fP and \fIvi\fP that result
+from historical
+practice. For example, the single-character commands \fBh\fP, \fBf\fP,
+\fBb\fP, and <space> are screen movers in
+\fImore\fP, but cursor movers in \fIvi\fP. These inconsistencies were
+maintained because the
+cursor movements are not applicable to \fImore\fP and the powerful
+functionality achieved without the use of the control key
+justifies the differences.
+.LP
+The tags interface has been included in a program that is not a text
+editor because it promotes another degree of consistent
+operation with \fIvi\fP. It is conceivable that the paging environment
+of \fImore\fP would be
+superior for browsing source code files in some circumstances.
+.LP
+The operating mode referred to for block-mode terminals effectively
+adds a <newline> to each Synopsis line that currently
+has none. So, for example, \fBd\fP <newline> would page one screenful.
+The mode could be triggered by a command line option,
+environment variable, or some other method. The details are not imposed
+by this volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 because
+there are so few systems known to support such terminals. Nevertheless,
+it was considered that all systems should be able to
+support \fImore\fP given the exception cited for this small community
+of terminals because, in comparison to \fIvi\fP, the cursor movements
+are few and the command set relatively amenable to the optional
+<newline>s.
+.LP
+Some versions of \fImore\fP provide a shell escaping mechanism similar
+to the \fIex\fP
+\fB!\fP command. The standard developers did not consider that this
+was necessary in a paginator, particularly given the wide
+acceptance of multiple window terminals and job control features.
+(They chose to retain such features in the editors and \fImailx\fP
+because the shell interaction also gives an opportunity to modify
+the editing buffer,
+which is not applicable to \fImore\fP.)
+.LP
+The \fB-p\fP (position) option replaces the \fB+\fP command because
+of the Utility Syntax Guidelines. In early proposals, it
+took a \fIpattern\fP argument, but historical \fIless\fP provided
+the \fImore\fP general facility of a command. It would have
+been desirable to use the same \fB-c\fP as \fIex\fP and \fIvi\fP,
+but the letter was already in use.
+.LP
+The text stating "from a non-rewindable stream ... implementations
+may limit the amount of backwards motion supported" would
+allow an implementation that permitted no backwards motion beyond
+text already on the screen. It was not possible to require a
+minimum amount of backwards motion that would be effective for all
+conceivable device types. The implementation should allow the
+user to back up as far as possible, within device and reasonable memory
+allocation constraints.
+.LP
+Historically, non-printable characters were displayed using the ARPA
+standard mappings, which are as follows:
+.IP " 1." 4
+Printable characters are left alone.
+.LP
+.IP " 2." 4
+Control characters less than \\177 are represented as followed by
+the character offset from the \fB'@'\fP character in the
+ASCII map; for example, \\007 is represented as \fB'G'\fP .
+.LP
+.IP " 3." 4
+\\177 is represented as followed by \fB'?'\fP .
+.LP
+.LP
+The display of characters having their eighth bit set was less standard.
+Existing implementations use hex (0x00), octal (\\000),
+and a meta-bit display. (The latter displayed characters with their
+eighth bit set as the two characters \fB"M-"\fP , followed
+by the seven-bit display as described previously.) The latter probably
+has the best claim to historical practice because it was
+used with the \fB-v\fP option of 4 BSD and 4 BSD-derived versions
+of the \fIcat\fP utility
+since 1980.
+.LP
+No specific display format is required by IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001.
+Implementations are encouraged to conform to historic
+practice in the absence of any strong reason to diverge.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fIShell Command Language\fP , \fIctags\fP , \fIed\fP , \fIex\fP ,
+\fIvi\fP
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .