License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

44 files changed, 44 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/nfs/Makefile b/fs/nfs/Makefile
index 1fb118902d57..c587e3c4c6a6 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/nfs/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the Linux nfs filesystem routines.
 #
diff --git a/fs/nfs/blocklayout/dev.c b/fs/nfs/blocklayout/dev.c
index a69ef4e9c24c..95f74bd2c067 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/blocklayout/dev.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/blocklayout/dev.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Christoph Hellwig.
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/blocklayout/extent_tree.c b/fs/nfs/blocklayout/extent_tree.c
index c85fbfd2d0d9..7a57ff2528af 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/blocklayout/extent_tree.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/blocklayout/extent_tree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Christoph Hellwig.
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/cache_lib.c b/fs/nfs/cache_lib.c
index 2ae676f93e6b..b60627bcfc62 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/cache_lib.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/cache_lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/cache_lib.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/cache_lib.h b/fs/nfs/cache_lib.h
index 4116d2c3f52f..4e6236a86cf7 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/cache_lib.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/cache_lib.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Helper routines for the NFS client caches
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/callback.c b/fs/nfs/callback.c
index 2cddf7f437e6..cd9d992feb2e 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/callback.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/callback.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/callback.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/callback.h b/fs/nfs/callback.h
index 3dc54d7cb19c..a20a0bce40a4 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/callback.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/callback.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/callback.h
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/callback_proc.c b/fs/nfs/callback_proc.c
index 14358de173fb..19151f6c0e97 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/callback_proc.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/callback_proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/callback_proc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/callback_xdr.c b/fs/nfs/callback_xdr.c
index 681dd642f119..123c069429a7 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/callback_xdr.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/callback_xdr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/callback_xdr.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/delegation.h b/fs/nfs/delegation.h
index e9d555796873..ddaf2644cf13 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/delegation.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/delegation.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/delegation.h
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.c b/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.c
index d25f10fb4926..060c658eab66 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.h b/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.h
index 2e4f596d2923..576ff4b54c82 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/dns_resolve.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Resolve DNS hostnames into valid ip addresses
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/export.c b/fs/nfs/export.c
index 249cb96cc5b5..83fd09fc8f77 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/export.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/export.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Primary Data, Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.h b/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.h
index 98b34c9b0564..679cb087ef3f 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * NFSv4 flexfile layout driver data structures.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayoutdev.c b/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayoutdev.c
index f32c58bbe556..d62279d3fc5d 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayoutdev.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayoutdev.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Device operations for the pnfs nfs4 file layout driver.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/internal.h b/fs/nfs/internal.h
index 5bdf952f414b..f9a4a5524bd5 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * NFS internal definitions
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/io.c b/fs/nfs/io.c
index 1fc5d1ce327e..20fef85d2bb1 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/io.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/io.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2016 Trond Myklebust
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/iostat.h b/fs/nfs/iostat.h
index 0cb806fbd4c4..2ddaab1ac653 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/iostat.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/iostat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/iostat.h
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/mount_clnt.c b/fs/nfs/mount_clnt.c
index 60bad882c123..d979ff4fee7e 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/mount_clnt.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/mount_clnt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * In-kernel MOUNT protocol client
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/netns.h b/fs/nfs/netns.h
index 5fbd2bde91ba..fc9978c58265 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/netns.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/netns.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * NFS-private data for each "struct net".  Accessed with net_generic().
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs.h b/fs/nfs/nfs.h
index 43679df56cd0..5ba00610aede 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Netapp, Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs2xdr.c b/fs/nfs/nfs2xdr.c
index fe68dabfbde6..85e4b4a233f9 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs2xdr.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs2xdr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/nfs2xdr.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs3_fs.h b/fs/nfs/nfs3_fs.h
index e134d6548ab7..f82e11c4cb56 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs3_fs.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs3_fs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2014 Anna Schumaker.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs3acl.c b/fs/nfs/nfs3acl.c
index 720d92f5abfb..7173a4ee862c 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs3acl.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs3acl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
 #include <linux/nfs.h>
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c b/fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c
index d1e87ec0df84..bc673fb47fb3 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs3xdr.c b/fs/nfs/nfs3xdr.c
index e82c9e553224..6cd33bd5da87 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs3xdr.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs3xdr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/nfs3xdr.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs42.h b/fs/nfs/nfs42.h
index b6cd15314bab..19ec38f85ce0 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs42.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs42.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2014 Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs42proc.c b/fs/nfs/nfs42proc.c
index 6c2db51e67a7..9c374441f660 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs42proc.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs42proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2014 Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs42xdr.c b/fs/nfs/nfs42xdr.c
index 5ee1b0f0d904..5966e1e7b1f5 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs42xdr.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs42xdr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2014 Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4_fs.h b/fs/nfs/nfs4_fs.h
index ac4f10b7f6c1..dcfcf7fd7438 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4_fs.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4_fs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/nfs4_fs.h
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4file.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4file.c
index 0efba77789b9..626d1382002e 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4file.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4file.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/file.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4getroot.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4getroot.c
index ac8406018962..1a69479a3a59 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4getroot.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4getroot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4namespace.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4namespace.c
index 7d531da1bae3..8c3f327d858d 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4namespace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4namespace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/nfs4namespace.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4session.h b/fs/nfs/nfs4session.h
index dfae4880eacb..3c550f297561 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4session.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4session.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * fs/nfs/nfs4session.h
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4sysctl.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4sysctl.c
index 8693d77c45ea..0d91d84e5822 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4sysctl.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4sysctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/nfs4sysctl.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.c
index 2850bce19244..e9fb3e50a999 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.h b/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.h
index be1da19c65d6..e7c6275519b0 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4trace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfsroot.c b/fs/nfs/nfsroot.c
index 89a15dbe5efc..effaa4247b91 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfsroot.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfsroot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996  Gero Kuhlmann <gero@gkminix.han.de>
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfstrace.c b/fs/nfs/nfstrace.c
index c74f7af23d77..b60d5fbd7727 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfstrace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfstrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfstrace.h b/fs/nfs/nfstrace.h
index 551711042ba4..093290c42d7c 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfstrace.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfstrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/proc.c b/fs/nfs/proc.c
index 7962e49097c3..f7fd9192d4bc 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/proc.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/proc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/symlink.c b/fs/nfs/symlink.c
index 5a1d0ded8979..06eb44b47885 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/symlink.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/symlink.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/symlink.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/sysctl.c b/fs/nfs/sysctl.c
index bb6ed810fa6f..7aea195ddb35 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/sysctl.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/sysctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/sysctl.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/unlink.c b/fs/nfs/unlink.c
index e3949d93085c..630b4a3c1a93 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/unlink.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/unlink.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/unlink.c
  *