pdf/ps: avoid outputting excess decimal places in matrices

Sometimes as a result of rounding errors in matrix transformations the
matrices in ps/pdf output look like:

    0.000000000000000061 1 1 -0.000000000000000061 0 842 cm

This patch rounds to zero matrix elements that are very small compared to
other elements in the same matrix.

5 files changed, 2591 insertions, 49 deletions

diff --git a/src/cairo-output-stream-private.h b/src/cairo-output-stream-private.h
index edaabbe..38a137f 100644
--- a/src/cairo-output-stream-private.h
+++ b/src/cairo-output-stream-private.h
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/* cairo - a vector graphics library with display and print output
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2006 Red Hat, Inc
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it either under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation
+ * (the "LGPL") or, at your option, under the terms of the Mozilla
+ * Public License Version 1.1 (the "MPL"). If you do not alter this
+ * notice, a recipient may use your version of this file under either
+ * the MPL or the LGPL.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this library
+ * in the file COPYING-LGPL-2.1; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA 02110-1335, USA
+ * You should have received a copy of the MPL along with this library
+ * in the file COPYING-MPL-1.1
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
+ * Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+ *
+ * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY
+ * OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the LGPL or the MPL for
+ * the specific language governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * The Original Code is the cairo graphics library.
+ *
+ * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * Author(s):
+ *	Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ */
+
+#ifndef CAIRO_OUTPUT_STREAM_PRIVATE_H
+#define CAIRO_OUTPUT_STREAM_PRIVATE_H
+
+#include "cairo-compiler-private.h"
+#include "cairo-types-private.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+typedef cairo_status_t
+(*cairo_output_stream_write_func_t) (cairo_output_stream_t *output_stream,
+				     const unsigned char   *data,
+				     unsigned int           length);
+
+typedef cairo_status_t
+(*cairo_output_stream_flush_func_t) (cairo_output_stream_t *output_stream);
+
+typedef cairo_status_t
+(*cairo_output_stream_close_func_t) (cairo_output_stream_t *output_stream);
+
+struct _cairo_output_stream {
+    cairo_output_stream_write_func_t write_func;
+    cairo_output_stream_flush_func_t flush_func;
+    cairo_output_stream_close_func_t close_func;
+    unsigned long		     position;
+    cairo_status_t		     status;
+    cairo_bool_t		     closed;
+};
+
+extern const cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t _cairo_output_stream_nil;
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_output_stream_init (cairo_output_stream_t            *stream,
+			   cairo_output_stream_write_func_t  write_func,
+			   cairo_output_stream_flush_func_t  flush_func,
+			   cairo_output_stream_close_func_t  close_func);
+
+cairo_private cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_fini (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+
+/* We already have the following declared in cairo.h:
+
+typedef cairo_status_t (*cairo_write_func_t) (void		  *closure,
+					      const unsigned char *data,
+					      unsigned int	   length);
+*/
+typedef cairo_status_t (*cairo_close_func_t) (void *closure);
+
+
+/* This function never returns %NULL. If an error occurs (NO_MEMORY)
+ * while trying to create the output stream this function returns a
+ * valid pointer to a nil output stream.
+ *
+ * Note that even with a nil surface, the close_func callback will be
+ * called by a call to _cairo_output_stream_close or
+ * _cairo_output_stream_destroy.
+ */
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create (cairo_write_func_t		write_func,
+			     cairo_close_func_t		close_func,
+			     void			*closure);
+
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create_in_error (cairo_status_t status);
+
+/* Tries to flush any buffer maintained by the stream or its delegates. */
+cairo_private cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_flush (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+/* Returns the final status value associated with this object, just
+ * before its last gasp. This final status value will capture any
+ * status failure returned by the stream's close_func as well. */
+cairo_private cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_close (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+/* Returns the final status value associated with this object, just
+ * before its last gasp. This final status value will capture any
+ * status failure returned by the stream's close_func as well. */
+cairo_private cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_destroy (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_output_stream_write (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+			    const void *data, size_t length);
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_output_stream_write_hex_string (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+				       const unsigned char *data,
+				       size_t length);
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_output_stream_vprintf (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+			      const char *fmt,
+			      va_list ap) CAIRO_PRINTF_FORMAT ( 2, 0);
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_output_stream_printf (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+			     const char *fmt,
+			     ...) CAIRO_PRINTF_FORMAT (2, 3);
+
+/* Print matrix element values with rounding of insignificant digits. */
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+				   const cairo_matrix_t  *matrix);
+
+cairo_private long
+_cairo_output_stream_get_position (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+cairo_private cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_get_status (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+/* This function never returns %NULL. If an error occurs (NO_MEMORY or
+ * WRITE_ERROR) while trying to create the output stream this function
+ * returns a valid pointer to a nil output stream.
+ *
+ * Note: Even if a nil surface is returned, the caller should still
+ * call _cairo_output_stream_destroy (or _cairo_output_stream_close at
+ * least) in order to ensure that everything is properly cleaned up.
+ */
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create_for_filename (const char *filename);
+
+/* This function never returns %NULL. If an error occurs (NO_MEMORY or
+ * WRITE_ERROR) while trying to create the output stream this function
+ * returns a valid pointer to a nil output stream.
+ *
+ * The caller still "owns" file and is responsible for calling fclose
+ * on it when finished. The stream will not do this itself.
+ */
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create_for_file (FILE *file);
+
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_memory_stream_create (void);
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_memory_stream_copy (cairo_output_stream_t *base,
+			   cairo_output_stream_t *dest);
+
+cairo_private int
+_cairo_memory_stream_length (cairo_output_stream_t *stream);
+
+cairo_private cairo_status_t
+_cairo_memory_stream_destroy (cairo_output_stream_t *abstract_stream,
+			      unsigned char **data_out,
+			      unsigned long *length_out);
+
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_null_stream_create (void);
+
+/* cairo-base85-stream.c */
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_base85_stream_create (cairo_output_stream_t *output);
+
+/* cairo-base64-stream.c */
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_base64_stream_create (cairo_output_stream_t *output);
+
+/* cairo-deflate-stream.c */
+cairo_private cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_deflate_stream_create (cairo_output_stream_t *output);
+
+
+#endif /* CAIRO_OUTPUT_STREAM_PRIVATE_H */
diff --git a/src/cairo-output-stream.c b/src/cairo-output-stream.c
index cc7e300..6d6c180 100644
--- a/src/cairo-output-stream.c
+++ b/src/cairo-output-stream.c
@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+/* cairo-output-stream.c: Output stream abstraction
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2005 Red Hat, Inc
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it either under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation
+ * (the "LGPL") or, at your option, under the terms of the Mozilla
+ * Public License Version 1.1 (the "MPL"). If you do not alter this
+ * notice, a recipient may use your version of this file under either
+ * the MPL or the LGPL.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this library
+ * in the file COPYING-LGPL-2.1; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA 02110-1335, USA
+ * You should have received a copy of the MPL along with this library
+ * in the file COPYING-MPL-1.1
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
+ * Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+ *
+ * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY
+ * OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the LGPL or the MPL for
+ * the specific language governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * The Original Code is the cairo graphics library.
+ *
+ * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * Author(s):
+ *	Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ */
+
+#define _BSD_SOURCE /* for snprintf() */
+#include "cairoint.h"
+
+#include "cairo-output-stream-private.h"
+
+#include "cairo-array-private.h"
+#include "cairo-error-private.h"
+#include "cairo-compiler-private.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/* Numbers printed with %f are printed with this number of significant
+ * digits after the decimal.
+ */
+#define SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS_AFTER_DECIMAL 6
+
+/* Numbers printed with %g are assumed to only have %CAIRO_FIXED_FRAC_BITS
+ * bits of precision available after the decimal point.
+ *
+ * FIXED_POINT_DECIMAL_DIGITS specifies the minimum number of decimal
+ * digits after the decimal point required to preserve the available
+ * precision.
+ *
+ * The conversion is:
+ *
+ * <programlisting>
+ * FIXED_POINT_DECIMAL_DIGITS = ceil( CAIRO_FIXED_FRAC_BITS * ln(2)/ln(10) )
+ * </programlisting>
+ *
+ * We can replace ceil(x) with (int)(x+1) since x will never be an
+ * integer for any likely value of %CAIRO_FIXED_FRAC_BITS.
+ */
+#define FIXED_POINT_DECIMAL_DIGITS ((int)(CAIRO_FIXED_FRAC_BITS*0.301029996 + 1))
+
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_init (cairo_output_stream_t            *stream,
+			   cairo_output_stream_write_func_t  write_func,
+			   cairo_output_stream_flush_func_t  flush_func,
+			   cairo_output_stream_close_func_t  close_func)
+{
+    stream->write_func = write_func;
+    stream->flush_func = flush_func;
+    stream->close_func = close_func;
+    stream->position = 0;
+    stream->status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    stream->closed = FALSE;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_fini (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    return _cairo_output_stream_close (stream);
+}
+
+const cairo_output_stream_t _cairo_output_stream_nil = {
+    NULL, /* write_func */
+    NULL, /* flush_func */
+    NULL, /* close_func */
+    0,    /* position */
+    CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY,
+    FALSE /* closed */
+};
+
+static const cairo_output_stream_t _cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error = {
+    NULL, /* write_func */
+    NULL, /* flush_func */
+    NULL, /* close_func */
+    0,    /* position */
+    CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR,
+    FALSE /* closed */
+};
+
+typedef struct _cairo_output_stream_with_closure {
+    cairo_output_stream_t	 base;
+    cairo_write_func_t		 write_func;
+    cairo_close_func_t		 close_func;
+    void			*closure;
+} cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t;
+
+
+static cairo_status_t
+closure_write (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+	       const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t *stream_with_closure =
+	(cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t *) stream;
+
+    if (stream_with_closure->write_func == NULL)
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+    return stream_with_closure->write_func (stream_with_closure->closure,
+					    data, length);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+closure_close (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t *stream_with_closure =
+	(cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t *) stream;
+
+    if (stream_with_closure->close_func != NULL)
+	return stream_with_closure->close_func (stream_with_closure->closure);
+    else
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create (cairo_write_func_t		write_func,
+			     cairo_close_func_t		close_func,
+			     void			*closure)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t *stream;
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof (cairo_output_stream_with_closure_t));
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base,
+			       closure_write, NULL, closure_close);
+    stream->write_func = write_func;
+    stream->close_func = close_func;
+    stream->closure = closure;
+
+    return &stream->base;
+}
+
+cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create_in_error (cairo_status_t status)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_t *stream;
+
+    /* check for the common ones */
+    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY)
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR)
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error;
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof (cairo_output_stream_t));
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (stream, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    stream->status = status;
+
+    return stream;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_flush (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    if (stream->closed)
+	return stream->status;
+
+    if (stream == &_cairo_output_stream_nil ||
+	stream == &_cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error)
+    {
+	return stream->status;
+    }
+
+    if (stream->flush_func) {
+	status = stream->flush_func (stream);
+	/* Don't overwrite a pre-existing status failure. */
+	if (stream->status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	    stream->status = status;
+    }
+
+    return stream->status;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_close (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    if (stream->closed)
+	return stream->status;
+
+    if (stream == &_cairo_output_stream_nil ||
+	stream == &_cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error)
+    {
+	return stream->status;
+    }
+
+    if (stream->close_func) {
+	status = stream->close_func (stream);
+	/* Don't overwrite a pre-existing status failure. */
+	if (stream->status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	    stream->status = status;
+    }
+
+    stream->closed = TRUE;
+
+    return stream->status;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_destroy (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    assert (stream != NULL);
+
+    if (stream == &_cairo_output_stream_nil ||
+	stream == &_cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error)
+    {
+	return stream->status;
+    }
+
+    status = _cairo_output_stream_fini (stream);
+    free (stream);
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_write (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+			    const void *data, size_t length)
+{
+    if (length == 0)
+	return;
+
+    if (stream->status)
+	return;
+
+    stream->status = stream->write_func (stream, data, length);
+    stream->position += length;
+}
+
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_write_hex_string (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+				       const unsigned char *data,
+				       size_t length)
+{
+    const char hex_chars[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+    char buffer[2];
+    unsigned int i, column;
+
+    if (stream->status)
+	return;
+
+    for (i = 0, column = 0; i < length; i++, column++) {
+	if (column == 38) {
+	    _cairo_output_stream_write (stream, "\n", 1);
+	    column = 0;
+	}
+	buffer[0] = hex_chars[(data[i] >> 4) & 0x0f];
+	buffer[1] = hex_chars[data[i] & 0x0f];
+	_cairo_output_stream_write (stream, buffer, 2);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Format a double in a locale independent way and trim trailing
+ * zeros.  Based on code from Alex Larson <alexl@redhat.com>.
+ * http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gtk-devel-list/2001-October/msg00087.html
+ *
+ * The code in the patch is copyright Red Hat, Inc under the LGPL, but
+ * has been relicensed under the LGPL/MPL dual license for inclusion
+ * into cairo (see COPYING). -- Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ */
+static void
+_cairo_dtostr (char *buffer, size_t size, double d, cairo_bool_t limited_precision)
+{
+    struct lconv *locale_data;
+    const char *decimal_point;
+    int decimal_point_len;
+    char *p;
+    int decimal_len;
+    int num_zeros, decimal_digits;
+
+    /* Omit the minus sign from negative zero. */
+    if (d == 0.0)
+	d = 0.0;
+
+    locale_data = localeconv ();
+    decimal_point = locale_data->decimal_point;
+    decimal_point_len = strlen (decimal_point);
+
+    assert (decimal_point_len != 0);
+
+    if (limited_precision) {
+	snprintf (buffer, size, "%.*f", FIXED_POINT_DECIMAL_DIGITS, d);
+    } else {
+	/* Using "%f" to print numbers less than 0.1 will result in
+	 * reduced precision due to the default 6 digits after the
+	 * decimal point.
+	 *
+	 * For numbers is < 0.1, we print with maximum precision and count
+	 * the number of zeros between the decimal point and the first
+	 * significant digit. We then print the number again with the
+	 * number of decimal places that gives us the required number of
+	 * significant digits. This ensures the number is correctly
+	 * rounded.
+	 */
+	if (fabs (d) >= 0.1) {
+	    snprintf (buffer, size, "%f", d);
+	} else {
+	    snprintf (buffer, size, "%.18f", d);
+	    p = buffer;
+
+	    if (*p == '+' || *p == '-')
+		p++;
+
+	    while (_cairo_isdigit (*p))
+		p++;
+
+	    if (strncmp (p, decimal_point, decimal_point_len) == 0)
+		p += decimal_point_len;
+
+	    num_zeros = 0;
+	    while (*p++ == '0')
+		num_zeros++;
+
+	    decimal_digits = num_zeros + SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS_AFTER_DECIMAL;
+
+	    if (decimal_digits < 18)
+		snprintf (buffer, size, "%.*f", decimal_digits, d);
+	}
+    }
+    p = buffer;
+
+    if (*p == '+' || *p == '-')
+	p++;
+
+    while (_cairo_isdigit (*p))
+	p++;
+
+    if (strncmp (p, decimal_point, decimal_point_len) == 0) {
+	*p = '.';
+	decimal_len = strlen (p + decimal_point_len);
+	memmove (p + 1, p + decimal_point_len, decimal_len);
+	p[1 + decimal_len] = 0;
+
+	/* Remove trailing zeros and decimal point if possible. */
+	for (p = p + decimal_len; *p == '0'; p--)
+	    *p = 0;
+
+	if (*p == '.') {
+	    *p = 0;
+	    p--;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+enum {
+    LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG = 0x100
+};
+
+/* Here's a limited reimplementation of printf.  The reason for doing
+ * this is primarily to special case handling of doubles.  We want
+ * locale independent formatting of doubles and we want to trim
+ * trailing zeros.  This is handled by dtostr() above, and the code
+ * below handles everything else by calling snprintf() to do the
+ * formatting.  This functionality is only for internal use and we
+ * only implement the formats we actually use.
+ */
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_vprintf (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+			      const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+#define SINGLE_FMT_BUFFER_SIZE 32
+    char buffer[512], single_fmt[SINGLE_FMT_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int single_fmt_length;
+    char *p;
+    const char *f, *start;
+    int length_modifier, width;
+    cairo_bool_t var_width;
+
+    if (stream->status)
+	return;
+
+    f = fmt;
+    p = buffer;
+    while (*f != '\0') {
+	if (p == buffer + sizeof (buffer)) {
+	    _cairo_output_stream_write (stream, buffer, sizeof (buffer));
+	    p = buffer;
+	}
+
+	if (*f != '%') {
+	    *p++ = *f++;
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	start = f;
+	f++;
+
+	if (*f == '0')
+	    f++;
+
+        var_width = FALSE;
+        if (*f == '*') {
+            var_width = TRUE;
+	    f++;
+        }
+
+	while (_cairo_isdigit (*f))
+	    f++;
+
+	length_modifier = 0;
+	if (*f == 'l') {
+	    length_modifier = LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG;
+	    f++;
+	}
+
+	/* The only format strings exist in the cairo implementation
+	 * itself. So there's an internal consistency problem if any
+	 * of them is larger than our format buffer size. */
+	single_fmt_length = f - start + 1;
+	assert (single_fmt_length + 1 <= SINGLE_FMT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+	/* Reuse the format string for this conversion. */
+	memcpy (single_fmt, start, single_fmt_length);
+	single_fmt[single_fmt_length] = '\0';
+
+	/* Flush contents of buffer before snprintf()'ing into it. */
+	_cairo_output_stream_write (stream, buffer, p - buffer);
+
+	/* We group signed and unsigned together in this switch, the
+	 * only thing that matters here is the size of the arguments,
+	 * since we're just passing the data through to sprintf(). */
+	switch (*f | length_modifier) {
+	case '%':
+	    buffer[0] = *f;
+	    buffer[1] = 0;
+	    break;
+	case 'd':
+	case 'u':
+	case 'o':
+	case 'x':
+	case 'X':
+            if (var_width) {
+                width = va_arg (ap, int);
+                snprintf (buffer, sizeof buffer,
+                          single_fmt, width, va_arg (ap, int));
+            } else {
+                snprintf (buffer, sizeof buffer, single_fmt, va_arg (ap, int));
+            }
+	    break;
+	case 'd' | LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG:
+	case 'u' | LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG:
+	case 'o' | LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG:
+	case 'x' | LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG:
+	case 'X' | LENGTH_MODIFIER_LONG:
+            if (var_width) {
+                width = va_arg (ap, int);
+                snprintf (buffer, sizeof buffer,
+                          single_fmt, width, va_arg (ap, long int));
+            } else {
+                snprintf (buffer, sizeof buffer,
+                          single_fmt, va_arg (ap, long int));
+            }
+	    break;
+	case 's':
+	    snprintf (buffer, sizeof buffer,
+		      single_fmt, va_arg (ap, const char *));
+	    break;
+	case 'f':
+	    _cairo_dtostr (buffer, sizeof buffer, va_arg (ap, double), FALSE);
+	    break;
+	case 'g':
+	    _cairo_dtostr (buffer, sizeof buffer, va_arg (ap, double), TRUE);
+	    break;
+	case 'c':
+	    buffer[0] = va_arg (ap, int);
+	    buffer[1] = 0;
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+	}
+	p = buffer + strlen (buffer);
+	f++;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_write (stream, buffer, p - buffer);
+}
+
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_printf (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+			     const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list ap;
+
+    va_start (ap, fmt);
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_vprintf (stream, fmt, ap);
+
+    va_end (ap);
+}
+
+/* Matrix elements that are smaller than the value of the largest element * MATRIX_ROUNDING_TOLERANCE
+ * are rounded down to zero. */
+#define MATRIX_ROUNDING_TOLERANCE 1e-12
+
+void
+_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+				   const cairo_matrix_t  *matrix)
+{
+    cairo_matrix_t m;
+    double s, e;
+
+    m = *matrix;
+    s = fabs (m.xx);
+    if (fabs (m.xy) > s)
+	s = fabs (m.xy);
+    if (fabs (m.yx) > s)
+	s = fabs (m.yx);
+    if (fabs (m.yy) > s)
+	s = fabs (m.yy);
+
+    e = s * MATRIX_ROUNDING_TOLERANCE;
+    if (fabs(m.xx) < e)
+	m.xx = 0;
+    if (fabs(m.xy) < e)
+	m.xy = 0;
+    if (fabs(m.yx) < e)
+	m.yx = 0;
+    if (fabs(m.yy) < e)
+	m.yy = 0;
+    if (fabs(m.x0) < e)
+	m.x0 = 0;
+    if (fabs(m.y0) < e)
+	m.y0 = 0;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
+				 "%f %f %f %f %f %f",
+				 m.xx, m.yx, m.xy, m.yy, m.x0, m.y0);
+}
+
+long
+_cairo_output_stream_get_position (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    return stream->position;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_output_stream_get_status (cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
+{
+    return stream->status;
+}
+
+/* Maybe this should be a configure time option, so embedded targets
+ * don't have to pull in stdio. */
+
+
+typedef struct _stdio_stream {
+    cairo_output_stream_t	 base;
+    FILE			*file;
+} stdio_stream_t;
+
+static cairo_status_t
+stdio_write (cairo_output_stream_t *base,
+	     const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
+{
+    stdio_stream_t *stream = (stdio_stream_t *) base;
+
+    if (fwrite (data, 1, length, stream->file) != length)
+	return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR);
+
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+stdio_flush (cairo_output_stream_t *base)
+{
+    stdio_stream_t *stream = (stdio_stream_t *) base;
+
+    fflush (stream->file);
+
+    if (ferror (stream->file))
+	return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR);
+    else
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+stdio_close (cairo_output_stream_t *base)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+    stdio_stream_t *stream = (stdio_stream_t *) base;
+
+    status = stdio_flush (base);
+
+    fclose (stream->file);
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create_for_file (FILE *file)
+{
+    stdio_stream_t *stream;
+
+    if (file == NULL) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error;
+    }
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof *stream);
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base,
+			       stdio_write, stdio_flush, stdio_flush);
+    stream->file = file;
+
+    return &stream->base;
+}
+
+cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_output_stream_create_for_filename (const char *filename)
+{
+    stdio_stream_t *stream;
+    FILE *file;
+
+    if (filename == NULL)
+	return _cairo_null_stream_create ();
+
+    file = fopen (filename, "wb");
+    if (file == NULL) {
+	switch (errno) {
+	case ENOMEM:
+	    _cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	    return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+	default:
+	    _cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR);
+	    return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil_write_error;
+	}
+    }
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof *stream);
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	fclose (file);
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base,
+			       stdio_write, stdio_flush, stdio_close);
+    stream->file = file;
+
+    return &stream->base;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct _memory_stream {
+    cairo_output_stream_t	base;
+    cairo_array_t		array;
+} memory_stream_t;
+
+static cairo_status_t
+memory_write (cairo_output_stream_t *base,
+	      const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
+{
+    memory_stream_t *stream = (memory_stream_t *) base;
+
+    return _cairo_array_append_multiple (&stream->array, data, length);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+memory_close (cairo_output_stream_t *base)
+{
+    memory_stream_t *stream = (memory_stream_t *) base;
+
+    _cairo_array_fini (&stream->array);
+
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_memory_stream_create (void)
+{
+    memory_stream_t *stream;
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof *stream);
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base, memory_write, NULL, memory_close);
+    _cairo_array_init (&stream->array, 1);
+
+    return &stream->base;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_memory_stream_destroy (cairo_output_stream_t *abstract_stream,
+			      unsigned char **data_out,
+			      unsigned long *length_out)
+{
+    memory_stream_t *stream;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    status = abstract_stream->status;
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return _cairo_output_stream_destroy (abstract_stream);
+
+    stream = (memory_stream_t *) abstract_stream;
+
+    *length_out = _cairo_array_num_elements (&stream->array);
+    *data_out = malloc (*length_out);
+    if (unlikely (*data_out == NULL)) {
+	status = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (abstract_stream);
+	assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+	return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+    }
+    memcpy (*data_out, _cairo_array_index (&stream->array, 0), *length_out);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_destroy (abstract_stream);
+}
+
+void
+_cairo_memory_stream_copy (cairo_output_stream_t *base,
+			   cairo_output_stream_t *dest)
+{
+    memory_stream_t *stream = (memory_stream_t *) base;
+
+    if (dest->status)
+	return;
+
+    if (base->status) {
+	dest->status = base->status;
+	return;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_write (dest,
+				_cairo_array_index (&stream->array, 0),
+				_cairo_array_num_elements (&stream->array));
+}
+
+int
+_cairo_memory_stream_length (cairo_output_stream_t *base)
+{
+    memory_stream_t *stream = (memory_stream_t *) base;
+
+    return _cairo_array_num_elements (&stream->array);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+null_write (cairo_output_stream_t *base,
+	    const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
+{
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+cairo_output_stream_t *
+_cairo_null_stream_create (void)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_t *stream;
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof *stream);
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (stream, null_write, NULL, NULL);
+
+    return stream;
+}
diff --git a/src/cairo-pdf-operators.c b/src/cairo-pdf-operators.c
index fceaf1c..84d2441 100644
--- a/src/cairo-pdf-operators.c
+++ b/src/cairo-pdf-operators.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1550 @@
+/* -*- Mode: c; tab-width: 8; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: t; -*- */
+/* cairo - a vector graphics library with display and print output
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2004 Red Hat, Inc
+ * Copyright © 2006 Red Hat, Inc
+ * Copyright © 2007, 2008 Adrian Johnson
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it either under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation
+ * (the "LGPL") or, at your option, under the terms of the Mozilla
+ * Public License Version 1.1 (the "MPL"). If you do not alter this
+ * notice, a recipient may use your version of this file under either
+ * the MPL or the LGPL.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this library
+ * in the file COPYING-LGPL-2.1; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA 02110-1335, USA
+ * You should have received a copy of the MPL along with this library
+ * in the file COPYING-MPL-1.1
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
+ * Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+ *
+ * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY
+ * OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the LGPL or the MPL for
+ * the specific language governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * The Original Code is the cairo graphics library.
+ *
+ * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is University of Southern
+ * California.
+ *
+ * Contributor(s):
+ *	Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ *	Carl Worth <cworth@cworth.org>
+ *	Adrian Johnson <ajohnson@redneon.com>
+ */
+
+#include "cairoint.h"
+
+#if CAIRO_HAS_PDF_OPERATORS
+
+#include "cairo-error-private.h"
+#include "cairo-pdf-operators-private.h"
+#include "cairo-path-fixed-private.h"
+#include "cairo-output-stream-private.h"
+#include "cairo-scaled-font-subsets-private.h"
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_end_text (cairo_pdf_operators_t    *pdf_operators);
+
+
+void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_init (cairo_pdf_operators_t	*pdf_operators,
+			   cairo_output_stream_t	*stream,
+			   cairo_matrix_t		*cairo_to_pdf,
+			   cairo_scaled_font_subsets_t  *font_subsets)
+{
+    pdf_operators->stream = stream;
+    pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf = *cairo_to_pdf;
+    pdf_operators->font_subsets = font_subsets;
+    pdf_operators->use_font_subset = NULL;
+    pdf_operators->use_font_subset_closure = NULL;
+    pdf_operators->in_text_object = FALSE;
+    pdf_operators->num_glyphs = 0;
+    pdf_operators->has_line_style = FALSE;
+    pdf_operators->use_actual_text = FALSE;
+}
+
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_fini (cairo_pdf_operators_t	*pdf_operators)
+{
+    return _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (pdf_operators);
+}
+
+void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_set_font_subsets_callback (cairo_pdf_operators_t		     *pdf_operators,
+						cairo_pdf_operators_use_font_subset_t use_font_subset,
+						void				     *closure)
+{
+    pdf_operators->use_font_subset = use_font_subset;
+    pdf_operators->use_font_subset_closure = closure;
+}
+
+/* Change the output stream to a different stream.
+ * _cairo_pdf_operators_flush() should always be called before calling
+ * this function.
+ */
+void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_set_stream (cairo_pdf_operators_t	 *pdf_operators,
+				 cairo_output_stream_t   *stream)
+{
+    pdf_operators->stream = stream;
+    pdf_operators->has_line_style = FALSE;
+}
+
+void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_set_cairo_to_pdf_matrix (cairo_pdf_operators_t *pdf_operators,
+					      cairo_matrix_t	    *cairo_to_pdf)
+{
+    pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf = *cairo_to_pdf;
+    pdf_operators->has_line_style = FALSE;
+}
+
+cairo_private void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_enable_actual_text (cairo_pdf_operators_t *pdf_operators,
+					 cairo_bool_t 	  	enable)
+{
+    pdf_operators->use_actual_text = enable;
+}
+
+/* Finish writing out any pending commands to the stream. This
+ * function must be called by the surface before emitting anything
+ * into the PDF stream.
+ *
+ * pdf_operators may leave the emitted PDF for some operations
+ * unfinished in case subsequent operations can be merged. This
+ * function will finish off any incomplete operation so the stream
+ * will be in a state where the surface may emit its own PDF
+ * operations (eg changing patterns).
+ *
+ */
+cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_flush (cairo_pdf_operators_t	 *pdf_operators)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+    if (pdf_operators->in_text_object)
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_end_text (pdf_operators);
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+/* Reset the known graphics state of the PDF consumer. ie no
+ * assumptions will be made about the state. The next time a
+ * particular graphics state is required (eg line width) the state
+ * operator is always emitted and then remembered for subsequent
+ * operatations.
+ *
+ * This should be called when starting a new stream or after emitting
+ * the 'Q' operator (where pdf-operators functions were called inside
+ * the q/Q pair).
+ */
+void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_reset (cairo_pdf_operators_t *pdf_operators)
+{
+    pdf_operators->has_line_style = FALSE;
+}
+
+/* A word wrap stream can be used as a filter to do word wrapping on
+ * top of an existing output stream. The word wrapping is quite
+ * simple, using isspace to determine characters that separate
+ * words. Any word that will cause the column count exceed the given
+ * max_column will have a '\n' character emitted before it.
+ *
+ * The stream is careful to maintain integrity for words that cross
+ * the boundary from one call to write to the next.
+ *
+ * Note: This stream does not guarantee that the output will never
+ * exceed max_column. In particular, if a single word is larger than
+ * max_column it will not be broken up.
+ */
+
+typedef enum _cairo_word_wrap_state {
+    WRAP_STATE_DELIMITER,
+    WRAP_STATE_WORD,
+    WRAP_STATE_STRING,
+    WRAP_STATE_HEXSTRING
+} cairo_word_wrap_state_t;
+
+
+typedef struct _word_wrap_stream {
+    cairo_output_stream_t base;
+    cairo_output_stream_t *output;
+    int max_column;
+    int column;
+    cairo_word_wrap_state_t state;
+    cairo_bool_t in_escape;
+    int		 escape_digits;
+} word_wrap_stream_t;
+
+
+
+/* Emit word bytes up to the next delimiter character */
+static int
+_word_wrap_stream_count_word_up_to (word_wrap_stream_t *stream,
+				   const unsigned char *data, int length)
+{
+    const unsigned char *s = data;
+    int count = 0;
+
+    while (length--) {
+	if (_cairo_isspace (*s) || *s == '<' || *s == '(') {
+	    stream->state = WRAP_STATE_DELIMITER;
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	count++;
+	stream->column++;
+	s++;
+    }
+
+    if (count)
+	_cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, data, count);
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+
+/* Emit hexstring bytes up to either the end of the ASCII hexstring or the number
+ * of columns remaining.
+ */
+static int
+_word_wrap_stream_count_hexstring_up_to (word_wrap_stream_t *stream,
+					 const unsigned char *data, int length)
+{
+    const unsigned char *s = data;
+    int count = 0;
+    cairo_bool_t newline = FALSE;
+
+    while (length--) {
+	count++;
+	stream->column++;
+	if (*s == '>') {
+	    stream->state = WRAP_STATE_DELIMITER;
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (stream->column > stream->max_column) {
+	    newline = TRUE;
+	    break;
+	}
+	s++;
+    }
+
+    if (count)
+	_cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, data, count);
+
+    if (newline) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, "\n");
+	stream->column = 0;
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+/* Count up to either the end of the string or the number of columns
+ * remaining.
+ */
+static int
+_word_wrap_stream_count_string_up_to (word_wrap_stream_t *stream,
+				      const unsigned char *data, int length)
+{
+    const unsigned char *s = data;
+    int count = 0;
+    cairo_bool_t newline = FALSE;
+
+    while (length--) {
+	count++;
+	stream->column++;
+	if (!stream->in_escape) {
+	    if (*s == ')') {
+		stream->state = WRAP_STATE_DELIMITER;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (*s == '\\') {
+		stream->in_escape = TRUE;
+		stream->escape_digits = 0;
+	    } else if (stream->column > stream->max_column) {
+		newline = TRUE;
+		break;
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    if (!_cairo_isdigit(*s) || ++stream->escape_digits == 3)
+		stream->in_escape = FALSE;
+	}
+	s++;
+    }
+
+    if (count)
+	_cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, data, count);
+
+    if (newline) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, "\\\n");
+	stream->column = 0;
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_word_wrap_stream_write (cairo_output_stream_t  *base,
+			 const unsigned char	*data,
+			 unsigned int		 length)
+{
+    word_wrap_stream_t *stream = (word_wrap_stream_t *) base;
+    int count;
+
+    while (length) {
+	switch (stream->state) {
+	case WRAP_STATE_WORD:
+	    count = _word_wrap_stream_count_word_up_to (stream, data, length);
+	    break;
+	case WRAP_STATE_HEXSTRING:
+	    count = _word_wrap_stream_count_hexstring_up_to (stream, data, length);
+	    break;
+	case WRAP_STATE_STRING:
+	    count = _word_wrap_stream_count_string_up_to (stream, data, length);
+	    break;
+	case WRAP_STATE_DELIMITER:
+	    count = 1;
+	    stream->column++;
+	    if (*data == '\n' || stream->column >= stream->max_column) {
+		_cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, "\n");
+		stream->column = 0;
+	    } else if (*data == '<') {
+		stream->state = WRAP_STATE_HEXSTRING;
+	    } else if (*data == '(') {
+		stream->state = WRAP_STATE_STRING;
+	    } else if (!_cairo_isspace (*data)) {
+		stream->state = WRAP_STATE_WORD;
+	    }
+	    if (*data != '\n')
+		_cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, data, 1);
+	    break;
+
+	default:
+	    ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+	    count = length;
+	    break;
+	}
+	data += count;
+	length -= count;
+    }
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream->output);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_word_wrap_stream_close (cairo_output_stream_t *base)
+{
+    word_wrap_stream_t *stream = (word_wrap_stream_t *) base;
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream->output);
+}
+
+static cairo_output_stream_t *
+_word_wrap_stream_create (cairo_output_stream_t *output, int max_column)
+{
+    word_wrap_stream_t *stream;
+
+    if (output->status)
+	return _cairo_output_stream_create_in_error (output->status);
+
+    stream = malloc (sizeof (word_wrap_stream_t));
+    if (unlikely (stream == NULL)) {
+	_cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+	return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base,
+			       _word_wrap_stream_write,
+			       NULL,
+			       _word_wrap_stream_close);
+    stream->output = output;
+    stream->max_column = max_column;
+    stream->column = 0;
+    stream->state = WRAP_STATE_DELIMITER;
+    stream->in_escape = FALSE;
+    stream->escape_digits = 0;
+
+    return &stream->base;
+}
+
+typedef struct _pdf_path_info {
+    cairo_output_stream_t   *output;
+    cairo_matrix_t	    *path_transform;
+    cairo_line_cap_t         line_cap;
+    cairo_point_t            last_move_to_point;
+    cairo_bool_t             has_sub_path;
+} pdf_path_info_t;
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_path_move_to (void *closure,
+			 const cairo_point_t *point)
+{
+    pdf_path_info_t *info = closure;
+    double x = _cairo_fixed_to_double (point->x);
+    double y = _cairo_fixed_to_double (point->y);
+
+    info->last_move_to_point = *point;
+    info->has_sub_path = FALSE;
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &x, &y);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (info->output,
+				 "%g %g m ", x, y);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (info->output);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_path_line_to (void *closure,
+			 const cairo_point_t *point)
+{
+    pdf_path_info_t *info = closure;
+    double x = _cairo_fixed_to_double (point->x);
+    double y = _cairo_fixed_to_double (point->y);
+
+    if (info->line_cap != CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND &&
+	! info->has_sub_path &&
+	point->x == info->last_move_to_point.x &&
+	point->y == info->last_move_to_point.y)
+    {
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    info->has_sub_path = TRUE;
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &x, &y);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (info->output,
+				 "%g %g l ", x, y);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (info->output);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_path_curve_to (void          *closure,
+			  const cairo_point_t *b,
+			  const cairo_point_t *c,
+			  const cairo_point_t *d)
+{
+    pdf_path_info_t *info = closure;
+    double bx = _cairo_fixed_to_double (b->x);
+    double by = _cairo_fixed_to_double (b->y);
+    double cx = _cairo_fixed_to_double (c->x);
+    double cy = _cairo_fixed_to_double (c->y);
+    double dx = _cairo_fixed_to_double (d->x);
+    double dy = _cairo_fixed_to_double (d->y);
+
+    info->has_sub_path = TRUE;
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &bx, &by);
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &cx, &cy);
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &dx, &dy);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (info->output,
+				 "%g %g %g %g %g %g c ",
+				 bx, by, cx, cy, dx, dy);
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (info->output);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_path_close_path (void *closure)
+{
+    pdf_path_info_t *info = closure;
+
+    if (info->line_cap != CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND &&
+	! info->has_sub_path)
+    {
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (info->output,
+				 "h\n");
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (info->output);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_path_rectangle (pdf_path_info_t *info, cairo_box_t *box)
+{
+    double x1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (box->p1.x);
+    double y1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (box->p1.y);
+    double x2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (box->p2.x);
+    double y2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (box->p2.y);
+
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &x1, &y1);
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (info->path_transform, &x2, &y2);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (info->output,
+				 "%g %g %g %g re ",
+				 x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (info->output);
+}
+
+/* The line cap value is needed to workaround the fact that PostScript
+ * and PDF semantics for stroking degenerate sub-paths do not match
+ * cairo semantics. (PostScript draws something for any line cap
+ * value, while cairo draws something only for round caps).
+ *
+ * When using this function to emit a path to be filled, rather than
+ * stroked, simply pass %CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND which will guarantee that
+ * the stroke workaround will not modify the path being emitted.
+ */
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_path (cairo_pdf_operators_t	*pdf_operators,
+				const cairo_path_fixed_t*path,
+				cairo_matrix_t          *path_transform,
+				cairo_line_cap_t         line_cap)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_t *word_wrap;
+    cairo_status_t status, status2;
+    pdf_path_info_t info;
+    cairo_box_t box;
+
+    word_wrap = _word_wrap_stream_create (pdf_operators->stream, 72);
+    status = _cairo_output_stream_get_status (word_wrap);
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return _cairo_output_stream_destroy (word_wrap);
+
+    info.output = word_wrap;
+    info.path_transform = path_transform;
+    info.line_cap = line_cap;
+    if (_cairo_path_fixed_is_rectangle (path, &box)) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_path_rectangle (&info, &box);
+    } else {
+	status = _cairo_path_fixed_interpret (path,
+					      _cairo_pdf_path_move_to,
+					      _cairo_pdf_path_line_to,
+					      _cairo_pdf_path_curve_to,
+					      _cairo_pdf_path_close_path,
+					      &info);
+    }
+
+    status2 = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (word_wrap);
+    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	status = status2;
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_clip (cairo_pdf_operators_t	*pdf_operators,
+			   const cairo_path_fixed_t	*path,
+			   cairo_fill_rule_t		 fill_rule)
+{
+    const char *pdf_operator;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    if (pdf_operators->in_text_object) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_end_text (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+
+    if (! path->has_current_point) {
+	/* construct an empty path */
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "0 0 m ");
+    } else {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_path (pdf_operators,
+						 path,
+						 &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf,
+						 CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+
+    switch (fill_rule) {
+    default:
+	ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+    case CAIRO_FILL_RULE_WINDING:
+	pdf_operator = "W";
+	break;
+    case CAIRO_FILL_RULE_EVEN_ODD:
+	pdf_operator = "W*";
+	break;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				 "%s n\n",
+				 pdf_operator);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+static int
+_cairo_pdf_line_cap (cairo_line_cap_t cap)
+{
+    switch (cap) {
+    case CAIRO_LINE_CAP_BUTT:
+	return 0;
+    case CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND:
+	return 1;
+    case CAIRO_LINE_CAP_SQUARE:
+	return 2;
+    default:
+	ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+	return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+_cairo_pdf_line_join (cairo_line_join_t join)
+{
+    switch (join) {
+    case CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_MITER:
+	return 0;
+    case CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_ROUND:
+	return 1;
+    case CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_BEVEL:
+	return 2;
+    default:
+	ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+	return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_stroke_style (cairo_pdf_operators_t		*pdf_operators,
+					const cairo_stroke_style_t	*style,
+					double				 scale)
+{
+    double *dash = style->dash;
+    int num_dashes = style->num_dashes;
+    double dash_offset = style->dash_offset;
+    double line_width = style->line_width * scale;
+
+    /* PostScript has "special needs" when it comes to zero-length
+     * dash segments with butt caps. It apparently (at least
+     * according to ghostscript) draws hairlines for this
+     * case. That's not what the cairo semantics want, so we first
+     * touch up the array to eliminate any 0.0 values that will
+     * result in "on" segments.
+     */
+    if (num_dashes && style->line_cap == CAIRO_LINE_CAP_BUTT) {
+	int i;
+
+	/* If there's an odd number of dash values they will each get
+	 * interpreted as both on and off. So we first explicitly
+	 * expand the array to remove the duplicate usage so that we
+	 * can modify some of the values.
+	 */
+	if (num_dashes % 2) {
+	    dash = _cairo_malloc_abc (num_dashes, 2, sizeof (double));
+	    if (unlikely (dash == NULL))
+		return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+
+	    memcpy (dash, style->dash, num_dashes * sizeof (double));
+	    memcpy (dash + num_dashes, style->dash, num_dashes * sizeof (double));
+
+	    num_dashes *= 2;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_dashes; i += 2) {
+	    if (dash[i] == 0.0) {
+		/* Do not modify the dashes in-place, as we may need to also
+		 * replay this stroke to an image fallback.
+		 */
+		if (dash == style->dash) {
+		    dash = _cairo_malloc_ab (num_dashes, sizeof (double));
+		    if (unlikely (dash == NULL))
+			return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
+		    memcpy (dash, style->dash, num_dashes * sizeof (double));
+		}
+
+		/* If we're at the front of the list, we first rotate
+		 * two elements from the end of the list to the front
+		 * of the list before folding away the 0.0. Or, if
+		 * there are only two dash elements, then there is
+		 * nothing at all to draw.
+		 */
+		if (i == 0) {
+		    double last_two[2];
+
+		    if (num_dashes == 2) {
+			free (dash);
+			return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO;
+		    }
+
+		    /* The cases of num_dashes == 0, 1, or 3 elements
+		     * cannot exist, so the rotation of 2 elements
+		     * will always be safe */
+		    memcpy (last_two, dash + num_dashes - 2, sizeof (last_two));
+		    memmove (dash + 2, dash, (num_dashes - 2) * sizeof (double));
+		    memcpy (dash, last_two, sizeof (last_two));
+		    dash_offset += dash[0] + dash[1];
+		    i = 2;
+		}
+		dash[i-1] += dash[i+1];
+		num_dashes -= 2;
+		memmove (dash + i, dash + i + 2, (num_dashes - i) * sizeof (double));
+		/* If we might have just rotated, it's possible that
+		 * we rotated a 0.0 value to the front of the list.
+		 * Set i to -2 so it will get incremented to 0. */
+		if (i == 2)
+		    i = -2;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (!pdf_operators->has_line_style || pdf_operators->line_width != line_width) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				     "%f w\n",
+				     line_width);
+	pdf_operators->line_width = line_width;
+    }
+
+    if (!pdf_operators->has_line_style || pdf_operators->line_cap != style->line_cap) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				     "%d J\n",
+				     _cairo_pdf_line_cap (style->line_cap));
+	pdf_operators->line_cap = style->line_cap;
+    }
+
+    if (!pdf_operators->has_line_style || pdf_operators->line_join != style->line_join) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				     "%d j\n",
+				     _cairo_pdf_line_join (style->line_join));
+	pdf_operators->line_join = style->line_join;
+    }
+
+    if (num_dashes) {
+	int d;
+
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "[");
+	for (d = 0; d < num_dashes; d++)
+	    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, " %f", dash[d] * scale);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "] %f d\n",
+				     dash_offset * scale);
+	pdf_operators->has_dashes = TRUE;
+    } else if (!pdf_operators->has_line_style || pdf_operators->has_dashes) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "[] 0.0 d\n");
+	pdf_operators->has_dashes = FALSE;
+    }
+    if (dash != style->dash)
+        free (dash);
+
+    if (!pdf_operators->has_line_style || pdf_operators->miter_limit != style->miter_limit) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				     "%f M ",
+				     style->miter_limit < 1.0 ? 1.0 : style->miter_limit);
+	pdf_operators->miter_limit = style->miter_limit;
+    }
+    pdf_operators->has_line_style = TRUE;
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+/* Scale the matrix so the largest absolute value of the non
+ * translation components is 1.0. Return the scale required to restore
+ * the matrix to the original values.
+ *
+ * eg the matrix  [ 100  0  0  50   20   10  ]
+ *
+ * is rescaled to [  1   0  0  0.5  0.2  0.1 ]
+ * and the scale returned is 100
+ */
+static void
+_cairo_matrix_factor_out_scale (cairo_matrix_t *m, double *scale)
+{
+    double s;
+
+    s = fabs (m->xx);
+    if (fabs (m->xy) > s)
+	s = fabs (m->xy);
+    if (fabs (m->yx) > s)
+	s = fabs (m->yx);
+    if (fabs (m->yy) > s)
+	s = fabs (m->yy);
+    *scale = s;
+    s = 1.0/s;
+    cairo_matrix_scale (m, s, s);
+}
+
+static cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_stroke (cairo_pdf_operators_t		*pdf_operators,
+				  const cairo_path_fixed_t	*path,
+				  const cairo_stroke_style_t	*style,
+				  const cairo_matrix_t		*ctm,
+				  const cairo_matrix_t		*ctm_inverse,
+				  const char			*pdf_operator)
+{
+    cairo_int_status_t status;
+    cairo_matrix_t m, path_transform;
+    cairo_bool_t has_ctm = TRUE;
+    double scale = 1.0;
+
+    if (pdf_operators->in_text_object) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_end_text (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+
+    /* Optimize away the stroke ctm when it does not affect the
+     * stroke. There are other ctm cases that could be optimized
+     * however this is the most common.
+     */
+    if (fabs(ctm->xx) == 1.0 && fabs(ctm->yy) == 1.0 &&
+	fabs(ctm->xy) == 0.0 && fabs(ctm->yx) == 0.0)
+    {
+	has_ctm = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /* The PDF CTM is transformed to the user space CTM when stroking
+     * so the corect pen shape will be used. This also requires that
+     * the path be transformed to user space when emitted. The
+     * conversion of path coordinates to user space may cause rounding
+     * errors. For example the device space point (1.234, 3.142) when
+     * transformed to a user space CTM of [100 0 0 100 0 0] will be
+     * emitted as (0.012, 0.031).
+     *
+     * To avoid the rounding problem we scale the user space CTM
+     * matrix so that all the non translation components of the matrix
+     * are <= 1. The line width and and dashes are scaled by the
+     * inverse of the scale applied to the CTM. This maintains the
+     * shape of the stroke pen while keeping the user space CTM within
+     * the range that maximizes the precision of the emitted path.
+     */
+    if (has_ctm) {
+	m = *ctm;
+	/* Zero out the translation since it does not affect the pen
+	 * shape however it may cause unnecessary digits to be emitted.
+	 */
+	m.x0 = 0.0;
+	m.y0 = 0.0;
+	_cairo_matrix_factor_out_scale (&m, &scale);
+	path_transform = m;
+	status = cairo_matrix_invert (&path_transform);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	cairo_matrix_multiply (&m, &m, &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf);
+    }
+
+    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_stroke_style (pdf_operators, style, scale);
+    if (status == CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO)
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return status;
+
+    if (has_ctm) {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "q ");
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (pdf_operators->stream, &m);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, " cm\n");
+    } else {
+	path_transform = pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf;
+    }
+
+    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_path (pdf_operators,
+					     path,
+					     &path_transform,
+					     style->line_cap);
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return status;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "%s", pdf_operator);
+    if (has_ctm)
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, " Q");
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "\n");
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_stroke (cairo_pdf_operators_t		*pdf_operators,
+			     const cairo_path_fixed_t		*path,
+			     const cairo_stroke_style_t		*style,
+			     const cairo_matrix_t		*ctm,
+			     const cairo_matrix_t		*ctm_inverse)
+{
+    return _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_stroke (pdf_operators,
+					     path,
+					     style,
+					     ctm,
+					     ctm_inverse,
+					     "S");
+}
+
+cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_fill (cairo_pdf_operators_t	*pdf_operators,
+			   const cairo_path_fixed_t	*path,
+			   cairo_fill_rule_t		fill_rule)
+{
+    const char *pdf_operator;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    if (pdf_operators->in_text_object) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_end_text (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+
+    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_path (pdf_operators,
+					     path,
+					     &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf,
+					     CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND);
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return status;
+
+    switch (fill_rule) {
+    default:
+	ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+    case CAIRO_FILL_RULE_WINDING:
+	pdf_operator = "f";
+	break;
+    case CAIRO_FILL_RULE_EVEN_ODD:
+	pdf_operator = "f*";
+	break;
+    }
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				 "%s\n",
+				 pdf_operator);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_fill_stroke (cairo_pdf_operators_t		*pdf_operators,
+				  const cairo_path_fixed_t	*path,
+				  cairo_fill_rule_t		 fill_rule,
+				  const cairo_stroke_style_t	*style,
+				  const cairo_matrix_t		*ctm,
+				  const cairo_matrix_t		*ctm_inverse)
+{
+    const char *operator;
+
+    switch (fill_rule) {
+    default:
+	ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
+    case CAIRO_FILL_RULE_WINDING:
+	operator = "B";
+	break;
+    case CAIRO_FILL_RULE_EVEN_ODD:
+	operator = "B*";
+	break;
+    }
+
+    return _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_stroke (pdf_operators,
+					     path,
+					     style,
+					     ctm,
+					     ctm_inverse,
+					     operator);
+}
+
+static void
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_index (cairo_pdf_operators_t *pdf_operators,
+				       cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
+				       unsigned int 	      glyph)
+{
+    if (pdf_operators->is_latin) {
+	if (glyph == '(' || glyph == ')' || glyph == '\\')
+	    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "\\%c", glyph);
+	else if (glyph >= 0x20 && glyph <= 0x7e)
+	    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "%c", glyph);
+	else
+	    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "\\%03o", glyph);
+    } else {
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
+				     "%0*x",
+				     pdf_operators->hex_width,
+				     glyph);
+    }
+}
+
+#define GLYPH_POSITION_TOLERANCE 0.001
+
+/* Emit the string of glyphs using the 'Tj' operator. This requires
+ * that the glyphs are positioned at their natural glyph advances. */
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_string (cairo_pdf_operators_t   *pdf_operators,
+					cairo_output_stream_t  	*stream)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "%s", pdf_operators->is_latin ? "(" : "<");
+    for (i = 0; i < pdf_operators->num_glyphs; i++) {
+	_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_index (pdf_operators,
+					       stream,
+					       pdf_operators->glyphs[i].glyph_index);
+	pdf_operators->cur_x += pdf_operators->glyphs[i].x_advance;
+    }
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "%sTj\n", pdf_operators->is_latin ? ")" : ">");
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream);
+}
+
+/* Emit the string of glyphs using the 'TJ' operator.
+ *
+ * The TJ operator takes an array of strings of glyphs. Each string of
+ * glyphs is displayed using the glyph advances of each glyph to
+ * position the glyphs. A relative adjustment to the glyph advance may
+ * be specified by including the adjustment between two strings. The
+ * adjustment is in units of text space * -1000.
+ */
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_string_with_positioning (
+    cairo_pdf_operators_t   *pdf_operators,
+    cairo_output_stream_t   *stream)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "[%s", pdf_operators->is_latin ? "(" : "<");
+    for (i = 0; i < pdf_operators->num_glyphs; i++) {
+	if (pdf_operators->glyphs[i].x_position != pdf_operators->cur_x)
+	{
+	    double delta = pdf_operators->glyphs[i].x_position - pdf_operators->cur_x;
+	    int rounded_delta;
+
+	    delta = -1000.0*delta;
+	    /* As the delta is in 1/1000 of a unit of text space,
+	     * rounding to an integer should still provide sufficient
+	     * precision. We round the delta before adding to Tm_x so
+	     * that we keep track of the accumulated rounding error in
+	     * the PDF interpreter and compensate for it when
+	     * calculating subsequent deltas.
+	     */
+	    rounded_delta = _cairo_lround (delta);
+	    if (abs(rounded_delta) < 3)
+		rounded_delta = 0;
+	    if (rounded_delta != 0) {
+		if (pdf_operators->is_latin) {
+		    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
+						 ")%d(",
+						 rounded_delta);
+		} else {
+		    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
+						 ">%d<",
+						 rounded_delta);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    /* Convert the rounded delta back to text
+	     * space before adding to the current text
+	     * position. */
+	    delta = rounded_delta/-1000.0;
+	    pdf_operators->cur_x += delta;
+	}
+
+	_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_index (pdf_operators,
+					       stream,
+					       pdf_operators->glyphs[i].glyph_index);
+	pdf_operators->cur_x += pdf_operators->glyphs[i].x_advance;
+    }
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "%s]TJ\n", pdf_operators->is_latin ? ")" : ">");
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (cairo_pdf_operators_t    *pdf_operators)
+{
+    cairo_output_stream_t *word_wrap_stream;
+    cairo_status_t status, status2;
+    int i;
+    double x;
+
+    if (pdf_operators->num_glyphs == 0)
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+    word_wrap_stream = _word_wrap_stream_create (pdf_operators->stream, 72);
+    status = _cairo_output_stream_get_status (word_wrap_stream);
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return _cairo_output_stream_destroy (word_wrap_stream);
+
+    /* Check if glyph advance used to position every glyph */
+    x = pdf_operators->cur_x;
+    for (i = 0; i < pdf_operators->num_glyphs; i++) {
+	if (fabs(pdf_operators->glyphs[i].x_position - x) > GLYPH_POSITION_TOLERANCE)
+	    break;
+	x += pdf_operators->glyphs[i].x_advance;
+    }
+    if (i == pdf_operators->num_glyphs) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_string (pdf_operators,
+							 word_wrap_stream);
+    } else {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph_string_with_positioning (
+	    pdf_operators, word_wrap_stream);
+    }
+
+    pdf_operators->num_glyphs = 0;
+    pdf_operators->glyph_buf_x_pos = pdf_operators->cur_x;
+    status2 = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (word_wrap_stream);
+    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	status = status2;
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_add_glyph (cairo_pdf_operators_t             *pdf_operators,
+				cairo_scaled_font_subsets_glyph_t *glyph,
+				double 			           x_position)
+{
+    double x, y;
+
+    x = glyph->x_advance;
+    y = glyph->y_advance;
+    if (glyph->is_scaled)
+	cairo_matrix_transform_distance (&pdf_operators->font_matrix_inverse, &x, &y);
+
+    pdf_operators->glyphs[pdf_operators->num_glyphs].x_position = x_position;
+    pdf_operators->glyphs[pdf_operators->num_glyphs].glyph_index = glyph->subset_glyph_index;
+    pdf_operators->glyphs[pdf_operators->num_glyphs].x_advance = x;
+    pdf_operators->glyph_buf_x_pos += x;
+    pdf_operators->num_glyphs++;
+    if (pdf_operators->num_glyphs == PDF_GLYPH_BUFFER_SIZE)
+	return _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Use 'Tm' operator to set the PDF text matrix. */
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_set_text_matrix (cairo_pdf_operators_t  *pdf_operators,
+				      cairo_matrix_t         *matrix)
+{
+    cairo_matrix_t inverse;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    /* We require the matrix to be invertable. */
+    inverse = *matrix;
+    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&inverse);
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return status;
+
+    pdf_operators->text_matrix = *matrix;
+    pdf_operators->cur_x = 0;
+    pdf_operators->cur_y = 0;
+    pdf_operators->glyph_buf_x_pos = 0;
+    _cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (pdf_operators->stream, &pdf_operators->text_matrix);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, " Tm\n");
+
+    pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext = *matrix;
+    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext);
+    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+    cairo_matrix_multiply (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext,
+			   &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf,
+			   &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+#define TEXT_MATRIX_TOLERANCE 1e-6
+
+/* Set the translation components of the PDF text matrix to x, y. The
+ * 'Td' operator is used to transform the text matrix.
+ */
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_set_text_position (cairo_pdf_operators_t  *pdf_operators,
+					double 			x,
+					double 			y)
+{
+    cairo_matrix_t translate, inverse;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    /* The Td operator transforms the text_matrix with:
+     *
+     *   text_matrix' = T x text_matrix
+     *
+     * where T is a translation matrix with the translation components
+     * set to the Td operands tx and ty.
+     */
+    inverse = pdf_operators->text_matrix;
+    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&inverse);
+    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+    pdf_operators->text_matrix.x0 = x;
+    pdf_operators->text_matrix.y0 = y;
+    cairo_matrix_multiply (&translate, &pdf_operators->text_matrix, &inverse);
+    if (fabs(translate.x0) < TEXT_MATRIX_TOLERANCE)
+	translate.x0 = 0.0;
+    if (fabs(translate.y0) < TEXT_MATRIX_TOLERANCE)
+	translate.y0 = 0.0;
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				 "%f %f Td\n",
+				 translate.x0,
+				 translate.y0);
+    pdf_operators->cur_x = 0;
+    pdf_operators->cur_y = 0;
+    pdf_operators->glyph_buf_x_pos = 0;
+
+    pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext = pdf_operators->text_matrix;
+    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext);
+    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+    cairo_matrix_multiply (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext,
+			   &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf,
+			   &pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext);
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+/* Select the font using the 'Tf' operator. The font size is set to 1
+ * as we use the 'Tm' operator to set the font scale.
+ */
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_set_font_subset (cairo_pdf_operators_t             *pdf_operators,
+				      cairo_scaled_font_subsets_glyph_t *subset_glyph)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+				 "/f-%d-%d 1 Tf\n",
+				 subset_glyph->font_id,
+				 subset_glyph->subset_id);
+    if (pdf_operators->use_font_subset) {
+	status = pdf_operators->use_font_subset (subset_glyph->font_id,
+						 subset_glyph->subset_id,
+						 pdf_operators->use_font_subset_closure);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+    pdf_operators->font_id = subset_glyph->font_id;
+    pdf_operators->subset_id = subset_glyph->subset_id;
+    pdf_operators->is_latin = subset_glyph->is_latin;
+
+    if (subset_glyph->is_composite)
+	pdf_operators->hex_width = 4;
+    else
+	pdf_operators->hex_width = 2;
+
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_begin_text (cairo_pdf_operators_t    *pdf_operators)
+{
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "BT\n");
+
+    pdf_operators->in_text_object = TRUE;
+    pdf_operators->num_glyphs = 0;
+    pdf_operators->glyph_buf_x_pos = 0;
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_end_text (cairo_pdf_operators_t    *pdf_operators)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+    if (unlikely (status))
+	return status;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "ET\n");
+
+    pdf_operators->in_text_object = FALSE;
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+/* Compare the scale components of two matrices. The translation
+ * components are ignored. */
+static cairo_bool_t
+_cairo_matrix_scale_equal (cairo_matrix_t *a, cairo_matrix_t *b)
+{
+    return (a->xx == b->xx &&
+	    a->xy == b->xy &&
+	    a->yx == b->yx &&
+	    a->yy == b->yy);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_begin_actualtext (cairo_pdf_operators_t *pdf_operators,
+				       const char 	     *utf8,
+				       int		      utf8_len)
+{
+    uint16_t *utf16;
+    int utf16_len;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+    int i;
+
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "/Span << /ActualText <feff");
+    if (utf8_len) {
+	status = _cairo_utf8_to_utf16 (utf8, utf8_len, &utf16, &utf16_len);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < utf16_len; i++) {
+	    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream,
+					 "%04x", (int) (utf16[i]));
+	}
+	free (utf16);
+    }
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "> >> BDC\n");
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_end_actualtext (cairo_pdf_operators_t    *pdf_operators)
+{
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (pdf_operators->stream, "EMC\n");
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+static cairo_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph (cairo_pdf_operators_t             *pdf_operators,
+				 cairo_glyph_t              	   *glyph,
+				 cairo_scaled_font_subsets_glyph_t *subset_glyph)
+{
+    double x, y;
+    cairo_status_t status;
+
+    if (pdf_operators->is_new_text_object ||
+	pdf_operators->font_id != subset_glyph->font_id ||
+	pdf_operators->subset_id != subset_glyph->subset_id)
+    {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_set_font_subset (pdf_operators, subset_glyph);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	pdf_operators->is_new_text_object = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    x = glyph->x;
+    y = glyph->y;
+    cairo_matrix_transform_point (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdftext, &x, &y);
+
+    /* The TJ operator for displaying text strings can only set
+     * the horizontal position of the glyphs. If the y position
+     * (in text space) changes, use the Td operator to change the
+     * current position to the next glyph. We also use the Td
+     * operator to move the current position if the horizontal
+     * position changes by more than 10 (in text space
+     * units). This is becauses the horizontal glyph positioning
+     * in the TJ operator is intended for kerning and there may be
+     * PDF consumers that do not handle very large position
+     * adjustments in TJ.
+     */
+    if (fabs(x - pdf_operators->glyph_buf_x_pos) > 10 ||
+	fabs(y - pdf_operators->cur_y) > GLYPH_POSITION_TOLERANCE)
+    {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	x = glyph->x;
+	y = glyph->y;
+	cairo_matrix_transform_point (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf, &x, &y);
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_set_text_position (pdf_operators, x, y);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	x = 0.0;
+	y = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_add_glyph (pdf_operators,
+					     subset_glyph,
+					     x);
+    return status;
+}
+
+/* A utf8_len of -1 indicates no unicode text. A utf8_len = 0 is an
+ * empty string.
+ */
+static cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_emit_cluster (cairo_pdf_operators_t      *pdf_operators,
+				   const char                 *utf8,
+				   int                         utf8_len,
+				   cairo_glyph_t              *glyphs,
+				   int                         num_glyphs,
+				   cairo_text_cluster_flags_t  cluster_flags,
+				   cairo_scaled_font_t	      *scaled_font)
+{
+    cairo_scaled_font_subsets_glyph_t subset_glyph;
+    cairo_glyph_t *cur_glyph;
+    cairo_status_t status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    int i;
+
+    /* If the cluster maps 1 glyph to 1 or more unicode characters, we
+     * first try _map_glyph() with the unicode string to see if it can
+     * use toUnicode to map our glyph to the unicode. This will fail
+     * if the glyph is already mapped to a different unicode string.
+     *
+     * We also go through this path if no unicode mapping was
+     * supplied (utf8_len < 0).
+     *
+     * Mapping a glyph to a zero length unicode string requires the
+     * use of ActualText.
+     */
+    if (num_glyphs == 1 && utf8_len != 0) {
+	status = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_map_glyph (pdf_operators->font_subsets,
+						       scaled_font,
+						       glyphs->index,
+						       utf8,
+						       utf8_len,
+						       &subset_glyph);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	if (subset_glyph.utf8_is_mapped || utf8_len < 0) {
+	    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph (pdf_operators,
+						      glyphs,
+						      &subset_glyph);
+	    if (unlikely (status))
+		return status;
+
+	    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (pdf_operators->use_actual_text) {
+	/* Fallback to using ActualText to map zero or more glyphs to a
+	 * unicode string. */
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_begin_actualtext (pdf_operators, utf8, utf8_len);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+
+    cur_glyph = glyphs;
+    /* XXX
+     * If no glyphs, we should put *something* here for the text to be selectable. */
+    for (i = 0; i < num_glyphs; i++) {
+	status = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_map_glyph (pdf_operators->font_subsets,
+						       scaled_font,
+						       cur_glyph->index,
+						       NULL, -1,
+						       &subset_glyph);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_glyph (pdf_operators,
+						  cur_glyph,
+						  &subset_glyph);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	if ((cluster_flags & CAIRO_TEXT_CLUSTER_FLAG_BACKWARD))
+	    cur_glyph--;
+	else
+	    cur_glyph++;
+    }
+
+    if (pdf_operators->use_actual_text) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_end_actualtext (pdf_operators);
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+cairo_int_status_t
+_cairo_pdf_operators_show_text_glyphs (cairo_pdf_operators_t	  *pdf_operators,
+				       const char                 *utf8,
+				       int                         utf8_len,
+				       cairo_glyph_t              *glyphs,
+				       int                         num_glyphs,
+				       const cairo_text_cluster_t *clusters,
+				       int                         num_clusters,
+				       cairo_text_cluster_flags_t  cluster_flags,
+				       cairo_scaled_font_t	  *scaled_font)
+{
+    cairo_status_t status;
+    int i;
+    cairo_matrix_t text_matrix, invert_y_axis;
+    double x, y;
+    const char *cur_text;
+    cairo_glyph_t *cur_glyph;
+
+    pdf_operators->font_matrix_inverse = scaled_font->font_matrix;
+    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&pdf_operators->font_matrix_inverse);
+    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_MATRIX)
+	return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    pdf_operators->is_new_text_object = FALSE;
+    if (pdf_operators->in_text_object == FALSE) {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_begin_text (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	/* Force Tm and Tf to be emitted when starting a new text
+	 * object.*/
+	pdf_operators->is_new_text_object = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    cairo_matrix_init_scale (&invert_y_axis, 1, -1);
+    text_matrix = scaled_font->scale;
+
+    /* Invert y axis in font space  */
+    cairo_matrix_multiply (&text_matrix, &text_matrix, &invert_y_axis);
+
+    /* Invert y axis in device space  */
+    cairo_matrix_multiply (&text_matrix, &invert_y_axis, &text_matrix);
+
+    if (pdf_operators->is_new_text_object ||
+	! _cairo_matrix_scale_equal (&pdf_operators->text_matrix, &text_matrix))
+    {
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush_glyphs (pdf_operators);
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+
+	x = glyphs[0].x;
+	y = glyphs[0].y;
+	cairo_matrix_transform_point (&pdf_operators->cairo_to_pdf, &x, &y);
+	text_matrix.x0 = x;
+	text_matrix.y0 = y;
+	status = _cairo_pdf_operators_set_text_matrix (pdf_operators, &text_matrix);
+	if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_MATRIX)
+	    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+	if (unlikely (status))
+	    return status;
+    }
+
+    if (num_clusters > 0) {
+	cur_text = utf8;
+	if ((cluster_flags & CAIRO_TEXT_CLUSTER_FLAG_BACKWARD))
+	    cur_glyph = glyphs + num_glyphs;
+	else
+	    cur_glyph = glyphs;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_clusters; i++) {
+	    if ((cluster_flags & CAIRO_TEXT_CLUSTER_FLAG_BACKWARD))
+		cur_glyph -= clusters[i].num_glyphs;
+	    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_cluster (pdf_operators,
+							cur_text,
+							clusters[i].num_bytes,
+							cur_glyph,
+							clusters[i].num_glyphs,
+							cluster_flags,
+							scaled_font);
+	    if (unlikely (status))
+		return status;
+
+	    cur_text += clusters[i].num_bytes;
+	    if (!(cluster_flags & CAIRO_TEXT_CLUSTER_FLAG_BACKWARD))
+		cur_glyph += clusters[i].num_glyphs;
+	}
+    } else {
+	for (i = 0; i < num_glyphs; i++) {
+	    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_emit_cluster (pdf_operators,
+							NULL,
+							-1, /* no unicode string available */
+							&glyphs[i],
+							1,
+							FALSE,
+							scaled_font);
+	    if (unlikely (status))
+		return status;
+	}
+    }
+
+    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (pdf_operators->stream);
+}
+
+#endif /* CAIRO_HAS_PDF_OPERATORS */
diff --git a/src/cairo-pdf-surface.c b/src/cairo-pdf-surface.c
index a8a1217..c200c28 100644
--- a/src/cairo-pdf-surface.c
+++ b/src/cairo-pdf-surface.c
@@ -3843,11 +3843,11 @@ _cairo_pdf_surface_output_gradient (cairo_pdf_surface_t        *surface,
 	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output,
 				     "<< /Type /Pattern\n"
 				     "   /PatternType 2\n"
-				     "   /Matrix [ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n"
-				     "   /Shading\n",
-				     pat_to_pdf->xx, pat_to_pdf->yx,
-				     pat_to_pdf->xy, pat_to_pdf->yy,
-				     pat_to_pdf->x0, pat_to_pdf->y0);
+				     "   /Matrix [ ");
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->output, pat_to_pdf);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output,
+				     " ]\n"
+				     "   /Shading\n");
     }
 
     if (pdf_pattern->pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_LINEAR) {
@@ -4105,14 +4105,14 @@ _cairo_pdf_surface_emit_mesh_pattern (cairo_pdf_surface_t    *surface,
                                  "%d 0 obj\n"
                                  "<< /Type /Pattern\n"
                                  "   /PatternType 2\n"
-                                 "   /Matrix [ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n"
+                                 "   /Matrix [ ",
+				 pdf_pattern->pattern_res.id);
+    _cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->output, &pat_to_pdf);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output,
+                                 " ]\n"
                                  "   /Shading %d 0 R\n"
 				 ">>\n"
 				 "endobj\n",
-				 pdf_pattern->pattern_res.id,
-                                 pat_to_pdf.xx, pat_to_pdf.yx,
-                                 pat_to_pdf.xy, pat_to_pdf.yy,
-                                 pat_to_pdf.x0, pat_to_pdf.y0,
 				 res.id);
 
     if (pdf_pattern->gstate_res.id != 0) {
@@ -4166,14 +4166,14 @@ _cairo_pdf_surface_emit_mesh_pattern (cairo_pdf_surface_t    *surface,
 				     "%d 0 obj\n"
 				     "<< /Type /Pattern\n"
 				     "   /PatternType 2\n"
-				     "   /Matrix [ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n"
+				     "   /Matrix [ ",
+				     mask_resource.id);
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->output, &pat_to_pdf);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output,
+				     " ]\n"
 				     "   /Shading %d 0 R\n"
 				     ">>\n"
 				     "endobj\n",
-				     mask_resource.id,
-				     pat_to_pdf.xx, pat_to_pdf.yx,
-				     pat_to_pdf.xy, pat_to_pdf.yy,
-				     pat_to_pdf.x0, pat_to_pdf.y0,
 				     res.id);
 
 	status = cairo_pdf_surface_emit_transparency_group (surface,
@@ -4302,11 +4302,8 @@ _cairo_pdf_surface_paint_surface_pattern (cairo_pdf_surface_t          *surface,
 	return status;
 
     if (! _cairo_matrix_is_identity (&pdf_p2d)) {
-	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output,
-				     "%f %f %f %f %f %f cm\n",
-				     pdf_p2d.xx, pdf_p2d.yx,
-				     pdf_p2d.xy, pdf_p2d.yy,
-				     pdf_p2d.x0, pdf_p2d.y0);
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->output, &pdf_p2d);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output, " cm\n");
     }
 
     status = _cairo_pdf_surface_add_alpha (surface, 1.0, &alpha);
@@ -4357,11 +4354,8 @@ _cairo_pdf_surface_paint_gradient (cairo_pdf_surface_t         *surface,
 	return status;
 
     if (! _cairo_matrix_is_identity (&pat_to_pdf)) {
-	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output,
-				     "%f %f %f %f %f %f cm\n",
-				     pat_to_pdf.xx, pat_to_pdf.yx,
-				     pat_to_pdf.xy, pat_to_pdf.yy,
-				     pat_to_pdf.x0, pat_to_pdf.y0);
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->output, &pat_to_pdf);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->output, " cm\n");
     }
 
     status = _cairo_pdf_surface_add_shading (surface, shading_res);
diff --git a/src/cairo-ps-surface.c b/src/cairo-ps-surface.c
index dfab4f7..f4ae3a8 100644
--- a/src/cairo-ps-surface.c
+++ b/src/cairo-ps-surface.c
@@ -3251,11 +3251,9 @@ _cairo_ps_surface_paint_surface (cairo_ps_surface_t     *surface,
     cairo_matrix_scale (&ps_p2d, 1.0, -1.0);
 
     if (! _cairo_matrix_is_identity (&ps_p2d)) {
-	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
-				     "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ] concat\n",
-				     ps_p2d.xx, ps_p2d.yx,
-				     ps_p2d.xy, ps_p2d.yy,
-				     ps_p2d.x0, ps_p2d.y0);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "[ ");
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->stream, &ps_p2d);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, " ] concat\n");
     }
 
     status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface (surface,
@@ -3444,12 +3442,10 @@ _cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
     cairo_matrix_translate (&ps_p2d, 0.0, pattern_height);
     cairo_matrix_scale (&ps_p2d, 1.0, -1.0);
 
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "[ ");
+    _cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->stream, &ps_p2d);
     _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
-				 "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n",
-				 ps_p2d.xx, ps_p2d.yx,
-				 ps_p2d.xy, ps_p2d.yy,
-				 ps_p2d.x0, ps_p2d.y0);
-    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
+				 " ]\n"
 				 "makepattern setpattern\n");
 
   release_source:
@@ -3823,11 +3819,10 @@ _cairo_ps_surface_emit_gradient (cairo_ps_surface_t       *surface,
     if (is_ps_pattern) {
 	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
 				     ">>\n"
-				     "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n"
-				     "makepattern setpattern\n",
-				     pat_to_ps.xx, pat_to_ps.yx,
-				     pat_to_ps.xy, pat_to_ps.yy,
-				     pat_to_ps.x0, pat_to_ps.y0);
+				     "[ ");
+    _cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->stream, &pat_to_ps);
+    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, " ]\n"
+				 "makepattern setpattern\n");
     } else {
 	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
 				     "shfill\n");
@@ -3905,11 +3900,10 @@ _cairo_ps_surface_emit_mesh_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t     *surface,
     if (is_ps_pattern) {
 	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
 				     ">>\n"
-				     "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n",
-				     pat_to_ps.xx, pat_to_ps.yx,
-				     pat_to_ps.xy, pat_to_ps.yy,
-				     pat_to_ps.x0, pat_to_ps.y0);
+				     "[ \n");
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->stream, &pat_to_ps);
 	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
+				     " ]\n"
 				     "makepattern\n"
 				     "setpattern\n");
     } else {
@@ -4008,11 +4002,9 @@ _cairo_ps_surface_paint_gradient (cairo_ps_surface_t          *surface,
     cairo_matrix_multiply (&pat_to_ps, &pat_to_ps, &surface->cairo_to_ps);
 
     if (! _cairo_matrix_is_identity (&pat_to_ps)) {
-	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
-				     "[%f %f %f %f %f %f] concat\n",
-				     pat_to_ps.xx, pat_to_ps.yx,
-				     pat_to_ps.xy, pat_to_ps.yy,
-				     pat_to_ps.x0, pat_to_ps.y0);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "[");
+	_cairo_output_stream_print_matrix (surface->stream, &pat_to_ps);
+	_cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "] concat\n");
     }
 
     if (source->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_MESH) {