summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/c_client.py
blob: 0a1f8773aa8040369f49ce65c58b303cc7c8f04c (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
#!/usr/bin/env python
from xml.etree.cElementTree import *
from os.path import basename
from functools import reduce
import getopt
import os
import sys
import errno
import time
import re

# Jump to the bottom of this file for the main routine

# Some hacks to make the API more readable, and to keep backwards compability
_cname_re = re.compile('([A-Z0-9][a-z]+|[A-Z0-9]+(?![a-z])|[a-z]+)')
_cname_special_cases = {'DECnet':'decnet'}

_extension_special_cases = ['XPrint', 'XCMisc', 'BigRequests']

_cplusplus_annoyances = {'class' : '_class',
                         'new'   : '_new',
                         'delete': '_delete'}
_c_keywords = {'default' : '_default'}

_hlines = []
_hlevel = 0
_clines = []
_clevel = 0
_ns = None

# global variable to keep track of serializers and
# switch data types due to weird dependencies
finished_serializers = []
finished_sizeof = []
finished_switch = []

# keeps enum objects so that we can refer to them when generating manpages.
enums = {}

manpaths = False

def _h(fmt, *args):
    '''
    Writes the given line to the header file.
    '''
    _hlines[_hlevel].append(fmt % args)

def _c(fmt, *args):
    '''
    Writes the given line to the source file.
    '''
    _clines[_clevel].append(fmt % args)

def _hc(fmt, *args):
    '''
    Writes the given line to both the header and source files.
    '''
    _h(fmt, *args)
    _c(fmt, *args)

# XXX See if this level thing is really necessary.
def _h_setlevel(idx):
    '''
    Changes the array that header lines are written to.
    Supports writing different sections of the header file.
    '''
    global _hlevel
    while len(_hlines) <= idx:
        _hlines.append([])
    _hlevel = idx

def _c_setlevel(idx):
    '''
    Changes the array that source lines are written to.
    Supports writing to different sections of the source file.
    '''
    global _clevel
    while len(_clines) <= idx:
        _clines.append([])
    _clevel = idx

def _n_item(str):
    '''
    Does C-name conversion on a single string fragment.
    Uses a regexp with some hard-coded special cases.
    '''
    if str in _cname_special_cases:
        return _cname_special_cases[str]
    else:
        split = _cname_re.finditer(str)
        name_parts = [match.group(0) for match in split]
        return '_'.join(name_parts)

def _cpp(str):
    '''
    Checks for certain C++ reserved words and fixes them.
    '''
    if str in _cplusplus_annoyances:
        return _cplusplus_annoyances[str]
    elif str in _c_keywords:
        return  _c_keywords[str]
    else:
        return str

def _ext(str):
    '''
    Does C-name conversion on an extension name.
    Has some additional special cases on top of _n_item.
    '''
    if str in _extension_special_cases:
        return _n_item(str).lower()
    else:
        return str.lower()

def _n(list):
    '''
    Does C-name conversion on a tuple of strings.
    Different behavior depending on length of tuple, extension/not extension, etc.
    Basically C-name converts the individual pieces, then joins with underscores.
    '''
    if len(list) == 1:
        parts = list
    elif len(list) == 2:
        parts = [list[0], _n_item(list[1])]
    elif _ns.is_ext:
        parts = [list[0], _ext(list[1])] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[2:]]
    else:
        parts = [list[0]] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[1:]]
    return '_'.join(parts).lower()

def _t(list):
    '''
    Does C-name conversion on a tuple of strings representing a type.
    Same as _n but adds a "_t" on the end.
    '''
    if len(list) == 1:
        parts = list
    elif len(list) == 2:
        parts = [list[0], _n_item(list[1]), 't']
    elif _ns.is_ext:
        parts = [list[0], _ext(list[1])] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[2:]] + ['t']
    else:
        parts = [list[0]] + [_n_item(i) for i in list[1:]] + ['t']
    return '_'.join(parts).lower()


def c_open(self):
    '''
    Exported function that handles module open.
    Opens the files and writes out the auto-generated comment, header file includes, etc.
    '''
    global _ns
    _ns = self.namespace
    _ns.c_ext_global_name = _n(_ns.prefix + ('id',))

    # Build the type-name collision avoidance table used by c_enum
    build_collision_table()

    _h_setlevel(0)
    _c_setlevel(0)

    _hc('/*')
    _hc(' * This file generated automatically from %s by c_client.py.', _ns.file)
    _hc(' * Edit at your peril.')
    _hc(' */')
    _hc('')

    _h('/**')
    _h(' * @defgroup XCB_%s_API XCB %s API', _ns.ext_name, _ns.ext_name)
    _h(' * @brief %s XCB Protocol Implementation.', _ns.ext_name)
    _h(' * @{')
    _h(' **/')
    _h('')
    _h('#ifndef __%s_H', _ns.header.upper())
    _h('#define __%s_H', _ns.header.upper())
    _h('')
    _h('#include "xcb.h"')

    _c('#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H')
    _c('#include "config.h"')
    _c('#endif')
    _c('#include <stdlib.h>')
    _c('#include <string.h>')
    _c('#include <assert.h>')
    _c('#include <stddef.h>  /* for offsetof() */')
    _c('#include "xcbext.h"')
    _c('#include "%s.h"', _ns.header)

    _c('')
    _c('#define ALIGNOF(type) offsetof(struct { char dummy; type member; }, member)')

    if _ns.is_ext:
        for (n, h) in self.direct_imports:
            _hc('#include "%s.h"', h)

    _h('')
    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')
    _h('extern "C" {')
    _h('#endif')

    if _ns.is_ext:
        _h('')
        _h('#define XCB_%s_MAJOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.major_version)
        _h('#define XCB_%s_MINOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.minor_version)
        _h('') #XXX
        _h('extern xcb_extension_t %s;', _ns.c_ext_global_name)

        _c('')
        _c('xcb_extension_t %s = { "%s", 0 };', _ns.c_ext_global_name, _ns.ext_xname)

def c_close(self):
    '''
    Exported function that handles module close.
    Writes out all the stored content lines, then closes the files.
    '''
    _h_setlevel(2)
    _c_setlevel(2)
    _hc('')

    _h('')
    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')
    _h('}')
    _h('#endif')

    _h('')
    _h('#endif')
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * @}')
    _h(' */')

    # Write header file
    hfile = open('%s.h' % _ns.header, 'w')
    for list in _hlines:
        for line in list:
            hfile.write(line)
            hfile.write('\n')
    hfile.close()

    # Write source file
    cfile = open('%s.c' % _ns.header, 'w')
    for list in _clines:
        for line in list:
            cfile.write(line)
            cfile.write('\n')
    cfile.close()

def build_collision_table():
    global namecount
    namecount = {}

    for v in module.types.values():
        name = _t(v[0])
        namecount[name] = (namecount.get(name) or 0) + 1

def c_enum(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles enum declarations.
    '''

    enums[name] = self

    tname = _t(name)
    if namecount[tname] > 1:
        tname = _t(name + ('enum',))

    _h_setlevel(0)
    _h('')
    _h('typedef enum %s {', tname)

    count = len(self.values)

    for (enam, eval) in self.values:
        count = count - 1
        equals = ' = ' if eval != '' else ''
        comma = ',' if count > 0 else ''
        doc = ''
        if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and enam in self.doc.fields:
            doc = '\n/**< %s */\n' % self.doc.fields[enam]
        _h('    %s%s%s%s%s', _n(name + (enam,)).upper(), equals, eval, comma, doc)

    _h('} %s;', tname)

def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
    '''
    Sets up all the C-related state by adding additional data fields to
    all Field and Type objects.  Here is where we figure out most of our
    variable and function names.

    Recurses into child fields and list member types.
    '''
    # Do all the various names in advance
    self.c_type = _t(name + postfix)
    self.c_wiretype = 'char' if self.c_type == 'void' else self.c_type

    self.c_iterator_type = _t(name + ('iterator',))
    self.c_next_name = _n(name + ('next',))
    self.c_end_name = _n(name + ('end',))

    self.c_request_name = _n(name)
    self.c_checked_name = _n(name + ('checked',))
    self.c_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('unchecked',))
    self.c_reply_name = _n(name + ('reply',))
    self.c_reply_type = _t(name + ('reply',))
    self.c_cookie_type = _t(name + ('cookie',))
    self.c_reply_fds_name = _n(name + ('reply_fds',))

    self.c_need_aux = False
    self.c_need_serialize = False
    self.c_need_sizeof = False

    self.c_aux_name = _n(name + ('aux',))
    self.c_aux_checked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'checked'))
    self.c_aux_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'unchecked'))
    self.c_serialize_name = _n(name + ('serialize',))
    self.c_unserialize_name = _n(name + ('unserialize',))
    self.c_unpack_name = _n(name + ('unpack',))
    self.c_sizeof_name = _n(name + ('sizeof',))

    # special case: structs where variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields
    self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields = False

    if self.is_switch:
        self.c_need_serialize = True
        self.c_container = 'struct'
        for bitcase in self.bitcases:
            bitcase.c_field_name = _cpp(bitcase.field_name)
            bitcase_name = bitcase.field_type if bitcase.type.has_name else name
            _c_type_setup(bitcase.type, bitcase_name, ())

    elif self.is_container:

        self.c_container = 'union' if self.is_union else 'struct'
        prev_varsized_field = None
        prev_varsized_offset = 0
        first_field_after_varsized = None

        for field in self.fields:
            _c_type_setup(field.type, field.field_type, ())
            if field.type.is_list:
                _c_type_setup(field.type.member, field.field_type, ())
                if (field.type.nmemb is None):
                    self.c_need_sizeof = True

            field.c_field_type = _t(field.field_type)
            field.c_field_const_type = ('' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else 'const ') + field.c_field_type
            field.c_field_name = _cpp(field.field_name)
            field.c_subscript = '[%d]' % field.type.nmemb if (field.type.nmemb and field.type.nmemb > 1) else ''
            field.c_pointer = ' ' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else '*'

            # correct the c_pointer field for variable size non-list types
            if not field.type.fixed_size() and field.c_pointer == ' ':
                field.c_pointer = '*'
            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():
                field.c_pointer = '*'

            if field.type.is_switch:
                field.c_pointer = '*'
                field.c_field_const_type = 'const ' + field.c_field_type
                self.c_need_aux = True

            if not field.type.fixed_size() and not field.type.is_case_or_bitcase:
                self.c_need_sizeof = True

            field.c_iterator_type = _t(field.field_type + ('iterator',))      # xcb_fieldtype_iterator_t
            field.c_iterator_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'iterator')) # xcb_container_field_iterator
            field.c_accessor_name = _n(name + (field.field_name,))            # xcb_container_field
            field.c_length_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'length'))     # xcb_container_field_length
            field.c_end_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'end'))           # xcb_container_field_end

            field.prev_varsized_field = prev_varsized_field
            field.prev_varsized_offset = prev_varsized_offset

            if prev_varsized_offset == 0:
                first_field_after_varsized = field
            field.first_field_after_varsized = first_field_after_varsized

            if field.type.fixed_size():
                prev_varsized_offset += field.type.size
                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
                if prev_varsized_field is not None and not field.type.is_pad and field.wire:
                    if not self.is_union:
                        self.c_need_serialize = True
                        self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields = True
            else:
                self.last_varsized_field = field
                prev_varsized_field = field
                prev_varsized_offset = 0

            if self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                if field.type.fixed_size():
                    field.prev_varsized_field = None

    if self.c_need_serialize:
        # when _unserialize() is wanted, create _sizeof() as well for consistency reasons
        self.c_need_sizeof = True

    # as switch does never appear at toplevel,
    # continue here with type construction
    if self.is_switch:
        if self.c_type not in finished_switch:
            finished_switch.append(self.c_type)
            # special: switch C structs get pointer fields for variable-sized members
            _c_complex(self)
            for bitcase in self.bitcases:
                bitcase_name = bitcase.type.name if bitcase.type.has_name else name
                _c_accessors(bitcase.type, bitcase_name, bitcase_name)
                # no list with switch as element, so no call to
                # _c_iterator(field.type, field_name) necessary

    if not self.is_case_or_bitcase:
        if self.c_need_serialize:
            if self.c_serialize_name not in finished_serializers:
                finished_serializers.append(self.c_serialize_name)
                _c_serialize('serialize', self)

                # _unpack() and _unserialize() are only needed for special cases:
                #   switch -> unpack
                #   special cases -> unserialize
                if self.is_switch or self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                    _c_serialize('unserialize', self)

        if self.c_need_sizeof:
            if self.c_sizeof_name not in finished_sizeof:
                if not module.namespace.is_ext or self.name[:2] == module.namespace.prefix:
                    finished_sizeof.append(self.c_sizeof_name)
                    _c_serialize('sizeof', self)
# _c_type_setup()

def _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, field=None):
    """
    turn prefix, which is a list of tuples (name, separator, Type obj) into a string
    representing a valid name in C (based on the context)
    if field is not None, append the field name as well
    """
    prefix_str = ''
    for name, sep, obj in prefix:
        prefix_str += name
        if '' == sep:
            sep = '->'
            if ((obj.is_case_or_bitcase and obj.has_name) or     # named bitcase
                (obj.is_switch and len(obj.parents)>1)):
                sep = '.'
        prefix_str += sep
    if field is not None:
        prefix_str += _cpp(field.field_name)
    return prefix_str
# _c_absolute_name

def _c_helper_field_mapping(complex_type, prefix, flat=False):
    """
    generate absolute names, based on prefix, for all fields starting from complex_type
    if flat == True, nested complex types are not taken into account
    """
    all_fields = {}
    if complex_type.is_switch:
        for b in complex_type.bitcases:
            if b.type.has_name:
                switch_name, switch_sep, switch_type = prefix[-1]
                bitcase_prefix = prefix + [(b.type.name[-1], '.', b.type)]
            else:
                bitcase_prefix = prefix

            if (True==flat and not b.type.has_name) or False==flat:
                all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(b.type, bitcase_prefix, flat))
    else:
        for f in complex_type.fields:
            fname = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, f)
            if f.field_name in all_fields:
                raise Exception("field name %s has been registered before" % f.field_name)

            all_fields[f.field_name] = (fname, f)
            if f.type.is_container and flat==False:
                if f.type.is_case_or_bitcase and not f.type.has_name:
                    new_prefix = prefix
                elif f.type.is_switch and len(f.type.parents)>1:
                    # nested switch gets another separator
                    new_prefix = prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '.', f.type)]
                else:
                    new_prefix = prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '->', f.type)]
                all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(f.type, new_prefix, flat))

    return all_fields
# _c_field_mapping()

def _c_helper_resolve_field_names (prefix):
    """
    get field names for all objects in the prefix array
    """
    all_fields = {}
    tmp_prefix = []
    # look for fields in the remaining containers
    for idx, p in enumerate(prefix):
        name, sep, obj = p
        if ''==sep:
            # sep can be preset in prefix, if not, make a sensible guess
            sep = '.' if (obj.is_switch or obj.is_case_or_bitcase) else '->'
            # exception: 'toplevel' object (switch as well!) always have sep '->'
            sep = '->' if idx<1 else sep
        if not obj.is_case_or_bitcase or (obj.is_case_or_bitcase and obj.has_name):
            tmp_prefix.append((name, sep, obj))
        all_fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(obj, tmp_prefix, flat=True))

    return all_fields
# _c_helper_resolve_field_names

def get_expr_fields(self):
    """
    get the Fields referenced by switch or list expression
    """
    def get_expr_field_names(expr):
        if expr.op is None:
            if expr.lenfield_name is not None:
                return [expr.lenfield_name]
            else:
                # constant value expr
                return []
        else:
            if expr.op == '~':
                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
            elif expr.op == 'popcount':
                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
            elif expr.op == 'sumof':
                # sumof expr references another list,
                # we need that list's length field here
                field = None
                for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:
                    if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:
                        field = f
                        break
                if field is None:
                    raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)
                # referenced list + its length field
                return [expr.lenfield_name] + get_expr_field_names(field.type.expr)
            elif expr.op == 'enumref':
                return []
            else:
                return get_expr_field_names(expr.lhs) + get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
    # get_expr_field_names()

    # resolve the field names with the parent structure(s)
    unresolved_fields_names = get_expr_field_names(self.expr)

    # construct prefix from self
    prefix = [('', '', p) for p in self.parents]
    if self.is_container:
        prefix.append(('', '', self))

    all_fields = _c_helper_resolve_field_names (prefix)
    resolved_fields_names = list(filter(lambda x: x in all_fields.keys(), unresolved_fields_names))
    if len(unresolved_fields_names) != len(resolved_fields_names):
        raise Exception("could not resolve all fields for %s" % self.name)

    resolved_fields = [all_fields[n][1] for n in resolved_fields_names]
    return resolved_fields
# get_expr_fields()

def resolve_expr_fields(complex_obj):
    """
    find expr fields appearing in complex_obj and descendents that cannot be resolved within complex_obj
    these are normally fields that need to be given as function parameters
    """
    all_fields = []
    expr_fields = []
    unresolved = []

    for field in complex_obj.fields:
        all_fields.append(field)
        if field.type.is_switch or field.type.is_list:
            expr_fields += get_expr_fields(field.type)
        if field.type.is_container:
            expr_fields += resolve_expr_fields(field.type)

    # try to resolve expr fields
    for e in expr_fields:
        if e not in all_fields and e not in unresolved:
            unresolved.append(e)
    return unresolved
# resolve_expr_fields()

def get_serialize_params(context, self, buffer_var='_buffer', aux_var='_aux'):
    """
    functions like _serialize(), _unserialize(), and _unpack() sometimes need additional parameters:
    E.g. in order to unpack switch, extra parameters might be needed to evaluate the switch
    expression. This function tries to resolve all fields within a structure, and returns the
    unresolved fields as the list of external parameters.
    """
    def add_param(params, param):
        if param not in params:
            params.append(param)

    # collect all fields into param_fields
    param_fields = []
    wire_fields = []

    for field in self.fields:
        if field.visible:
            # the field should appear as a parameter in the function call
            param_fields.append(field)
        if field.wire and not field.auto:
            if field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch:
                # field in the xcb_out structure
                wire_fields.append(field)
        # fields like 'pad0' are skipped!

    # in case of switch, parameters always contain any fields referenced in the switch expr
    # we do not need any variable size fields here, as the switch data type contains both
    # fixed and variable size fields
    if self.is_switch:
        param_fields = get_expr_fields(self)

    # _serialize()/_unserialize()/_unpack() function parameters
    # note: don't use set() for params, it is unsorted
    params = []

    # 1. the parameter for the void * buffer
    if  'serialize' == context:
        params.append(('void', '**', buffer_var))
    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
        params.append(('const void', '*', buffer_var))

    # 2. any expr fields that cannot be resolved within self and descendants
    unresolved_fields = resolve_expr_fields(self)
    for f in unresolved_fields:
        add_param(params, (f.c_field_type, '', f.c_field_name))

    # 3. param_fields contain the fields necessary to evaluate the switch expr or any other fields
    #    that do not appear in the data type struct
    for p in param_fields:
        if self.is_switch:
            typespec = p.c_field_const_type
            pointerspec = p.c_pointer
            add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))
        else:
            if p.visible and not p.wire and not p.auto:
                typespec = p.c_field_type
                pointerspec = ''
                add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))

    # 4. aux argument
    if 'serialize' == context:
        add_param(params, ('const %s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))
    elif 'unserialize' == context:
        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '**', aux_var))
    elif 'unpack' == context:
        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))

    # 5. switch contains all variable size fields as struct members
    #    for other data types though, these have to be supplied separately
    #    this is important for the special case of intermixed fixed and
    #    variable size fields
    if not self.is_switch and 'serialize' == context:
        for p in param_fields:
            if not p.type.fixed_size():
                add_param(params, (p.c_field_const_type, '*', p.c_field_name))

    return (param_fields, wire_fields, params)
# get_serialize_params()

def _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, postpone, is_case_or_bitcase):
    code_lines.append('%s    /* insert padding */' % space)
    if is_case_or_bitcase:
        code_lines.append(
            '%s    xcb_pad = -(xcb_block_len + xcb_padding_offset) & (xcb_align_to - 1);'
            % space)
    else:
        code_lines.append(
            '%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & (xcb_align_to - 1);' % space)
#    code_lines.append('%s    printf("automatically inserting padding: %%%%d\\n", xcb_pad);' % space)
    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)

    if not postpone:
        code_lines.append('%s    if (0 != xcb_pad) {' % space)

        if 'serialize' == context:
            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = xcb_pad;' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)
        elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_pad;' % space)

        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_pad = 0;' % space)
        code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)

    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = 0;' % space)
    if is_case_or_bitcase:
        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_padding_offset = 0;' % space)

    # keep tracking of xcb_parts entries for serialize
    return 1
# _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding()

def _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name,
                               code_lines, temp_vars,
                               space, prefix):
    count = 0
    switch_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(self.expr, None)

    for b in self.bitcases:
        len_expr = len(b.type.expr)

        compare_operator = '&'
        if b.type.is_case:
            compare_operator = '=='
        else:
            compare_operator = '&'

        for n, expr in enumerate(b.type.expr):
            bitcase_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, None)
            # only one <enumref> in the <bitcase>
            if len_expr == 1:
                code_lines.append(
                    '    if(%s %s %s) {' % (switch_expr, compare_operator, bitcase_expr))
            # multiple <enumref> in the <bitcase>
            elif n == 0: # first
                code_lines.append(
                    '    if((%s %s %s) ||' % (switch_expr, compare_operator, bitcase_expr))
            elif len_expr == (n + 1): # last
                code_lines.append(
                    '       (%s %s %s)) {' % (switch_expr, compare_operator, bitcase_expr))
            else: # between first and last
                code_lines.append(
                    '       (%s %s %s) ||' % (switch_expr, compare_operator, bitcase_expr))

        b_prefix = prefix
        if b.type.has_name:
            b_prefix = prefix + [(b.c_field_name, '.', b.type)]

        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, b.type,
                                            code_lines, temp_vars,
                                            "%s    " % space,
                                            b_prefix,
                                            is_case_or_bitcase = True)
        code_lines.append('    }')

#    if 'serialize' == context:
#        count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False)
#    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
#        # padding
#        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)
#        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)

    return count
# _c_serialize_helper_switch

def _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, c_switch_variable, prefix):
    """
    handle switch by calling _serialize() or _unpack(), depending on context
    """
    # switch is handled by this function as a special case
    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)
    field_mapping = _c_helper_field_mapping(self, prefix)
    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)

    # find the parameters that need to be passed to _serialize()/_unpack():
    # all switch expr fields must be given as parameters
    args = get_expr_fields(field.type)
    # length fields for variable size types in switch, normally only some of need
    # need to be passed as parameters
    switch_len_fields = resolve_expr_fields(field.type)

    # a switch field at this point _must_ be a bitcase field
    # we require that bitcases are "self-contiguous"
    bitcase_unresolved = resolve_expr_fields(self)
    if len(bitcase_unresolved) != 0:
        raise Exception('unresolved fields within bitcase is not supported at this point')

    # get the C names for the parameters
    c_field_names = ''
    for a in switch_len_fields:
        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]
    for a in args:
        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]

    # call _serialize()/_unpack() to determine the actual size
    if 'serialize' == context:
        length = "%s(&%s, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_serialize_name, c_switch_variable,
                                       c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):
        length = "%s(xcb_tmp, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_unpack_name,
                                           c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
    elif 'sizeof' == context:
        # remove trailing ", " from c_field_names because it will be used at end of arglist
        my_c_field_names = c_field_names[:-2]
        length = "%s(xcb_tmp, %s)" % (field.type.c_sizeof_name, my_c_field_names)

    return length
# _c_serialize_helper_switch_field()

def _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field,
                                   code_lines, temp_vars,
                                   space, prefix):
    """
    helper function to cope with lists of variable length
    """
    expr = field.type.expr
    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)
    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('sizeof', self)
    param_names = [p[2] for p in params]

    expr_fields_names = [f.field_name for f in get_expr_fields(field.type)]
    resolved = list(filter(lambda x: x in param_names, expr_fields_names))
    unresolved = list(filter(lambda x: x not in param_names, expr_fields_names))

    field_mapping = {}
    for r in resolved:
        field_mapping[r] = (r, None)

    if len(unresolved)>0:
        tmp_prefix = prefix
        if len(tmp_prefix)==0:
            raise Exception("found an empty prefix while resolving expr field names for list %s",
                            field.c_field_name)

        field_mapping.update(_c_helper_resolve_field_names(prefix))
        resolved += list(filter(lambda x: x in field_mapping, unresolved))
        unresolved = list(filter(lambda x: x not in field_mapping, unresolved))
        if len(unresolved)>0:
            raise Exception('could not resolve the length fields required for list %s' % field.c_field_name)

    list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, field_mapping)

    # default: list with fixed size elements
    length = '%s * sizeof(%s)' % (list_length, field.type.member.c_wiretype)

    # list with variable-sized elements
    if not field.type.member.fixed_size():
        length = ''
        if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):
            int_i = '    unsigned int i;'
            xcb_tmp_len = '    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;'
            if int_i not in temp_vars:
                temp_vars.append(int_i)
            if xcb_tmp_len not in temp_vars:
                temp_vars.append(xcb_tmp_len)
            # loop over all list elements and call sizeof repeatedly
            # this should be a bit faster than using the iterators
            code_lines.append("%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % (space, list_length))
            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" %
                              (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))
            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_block_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)
            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)
            code_lines.append("%s    }" % space)

        elif 'serialize' == context:
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = 0;' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp = (char *) %s%s;' % (space, prefix_str, field.c_field_name))
            code_lines.append('%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) { ' % (space, list_length))
            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_block_len = %s(xcb_tmp);' % (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))
            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len += xcb_block_len;' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len;' % space)

    return length
# _c_serialize_helper_list_field()

def _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field,
                                          code_lines, temp_vars,
                                          space, prefix):
    # keep the C code a bit more readable by giving the field name
    if not self.is_case_or_bitcase:
        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, self.c_type, field.c_field_name))
    else:
        scoped_name = [p[2].c_type if idx==0 else p[0] for idx, p in enumerate(prefix)]
        typename = reduce(lambda x,y: "%s.%s" % (x, y), scoped_name)
        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, typename, field.c_field_name))

    abs_field_name = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix, field)
    # default for simple cases: call sizeof()
    length = "sizeof(%s)" % field.c_field_type

    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
        # default: simple cast
        value = '    %s = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (abs_field_name, field.c_field_type)

        # padding - we could probably just ignore it
        if field.type.is_pad and field.type.nmemb > 1:
            value = ''
            for i in range(field.type.nmemb):
                code_lines.append('%s    %s[%d] = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' %
                                  (space, abs_field_name, i, field.c_field_type))
            # total padding = sizeof(pad0) * nmemb
            length += " * %d" % field.type.nmemb

        elif field.type.is_list:
            # list with fixed number of elements
            # length of array = sizeof(arrayElementType) * nmemb
            length += " * %d" % field.type.nmemb
            # use memcpy because C cannot assign whole arrays with operator=
            value = '    memcpy(%s, xcb_tmp, %s);' % (abs_field_name, length)


    elif 'serialize' == context:
        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) '

        if field.type.is_expr:
            # need to register a temporary variable for the expression in case we know its type
            if field.type.c_type is None:
                raise Exception("type for field '%s' (expression '%s') unkown" %
                                (field.field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr)))

            temp_vars.append('    %s xcb_expr_%s = %s;' % (field.type.c_type, _cpp(field.field_name),
                                                           _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, prefix)))
            value += "&xcb_expr_%s;" % _cpp(field.field_name)

        elif field.type.is_pad:
            if field.type.nmemb == 1:
                value += "&xcb_pad;"
            else:
                # we could also set it to 0, see definition of xcb_send_request()
                value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;'
                length += "*%d" % field.type.nmemb

        else:
            # non-list type with fixed size
            if field.type.nmemb == 1:
                value += "&%s;" % (abs_field_name)

            # list with nmemb (fixed size) elements
            else:
                value += '%s;' % (abs_field_name)
                length = '%d' % field.type.nmemb

    return (value, length)
# _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size()

def _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field,
                                             code_lines, temp_vars,
                                             space, prefix):
    prefix_str = _c_helper_absolute_name(prefix)

    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
        value = ''
        var_field_name = 'xcb_tmp'

        # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
        if self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
            value = '    %s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)
            temp_vars.append('    %s *%s;' % (field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name))
        # special case: switch
        if 'unpack' == context:
            value = '    %s%s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)

    elif 'serialize' == context:
        # variable size fields appear as parameters to _serialize() if the
        # 'toplevel' container is not a switch
        prefix_string = prefix_str if prefix[0][2].is_switch else ''
        var_field_name = "%s%s" % (prefix_string, field.c_field_name)
        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) %s;' % var_field_name

    length = ''

    code_lines.append('%s    /* %s */' % (space, field.c_field_name))

    if field.type.is_list:
        if value != '':
            # in any context, list is already a pointer, so the default assignment is ok
            code_lines.append("%s%s" % (space, value))
            value = ''
        length = _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field,
                                                code_lines, temp_vars,
                                                space, prefix)

    elif field.type.is_switch:
        value = ''
        if context == 'serialize':
            # the _serialize() function allocates the correct amount memory if given a NULL pointer
            value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *)0;'
        length = _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field,
                                                  'xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base',
                                                  prefix)

    else:
        # in all remaining special cases - call _sizeof()
        length = "%s(%s)" % (field.type.c_sizeof_name, var_field_name)

    return (value, length)
# _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size

def _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self,
                               code_lines, temp_vars,
                               space, prefix, is_case_or_bitcase):
    count = 0
    need_padding = False
    prev_field_was_variable = False

    for field in self.fields:
        if not field.visible:
            if not ((field.wire and not field.auto) or 'unserialize' == context):
                continue

        # switch/bitcase: fixed size fields must be considered explicitly
        if field.type.fixed_size():
            if self.is_case_or_bitcase or self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                if prev_field_was_variable and need_padding:
                    # insert padding
#                    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space,
#                                                                self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields)
                    prev_field_was_variable = False

                # prefix for fixed size fields
                fixed_prefix = prefix

                value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field,
                                                                      code_lines, temp_vars,
                                                                      space, fixed_prefix)
            else:
                continue

        # fields with variable size
        else:
            if field.type.is_pad:
                # Variable length pad is <pad align= />
                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_align_to = %d;' % (space, field.type.align))
                count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space,
                                                            self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields,
                                                            is_case_or_bitcase)
                continue
            else:
                # switch/bitcase: always calculate padding before and after variable sized fields
                if need_padding or is_case_or_bitcase:
                    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space,
                                                                self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields,
                                                                is_case_or_bitcase)

                value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field,
                                                                         code_lines, temp_vars,
                                                                         space, prefix)
                prev_field_was_variable = True

        # save (un)serialization C code
        if '' != value:
            code_lines.append('%s%s' % (space, value))

        if field.type.fixed_size():
            if is_case_or_bitcase or self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                # keep track of (un)serialized object's size
                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))
                if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s;' % (space, length))
        else:
            # variable size objects or bitcase:
            #   value & length might have been inserted earlier for special cases
            if '' != length:
                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
                if (not field.type.fixed_size() and
                    self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context):
                    temp_vars.append('    int %s_len;' % field.c_field_name)
                    code_lines.append('%s    %s_len = %s;' % (space, field.c_field_name, length))
                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s_len;' % (space, field.c_field_name))
                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s_len;' % (space, field.c_field_name))
                else:
                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))
                    # increase pointer into the byte stream accordingly
                    if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):
                        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)

        if 'serialize' == context:
            if '' != length:
                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = %s;' % (space, length))
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)
            count += 1

        code_lines.append(
            '%s    xcb_align_to = ALIGNOF(%s);'
             % (space,
                 'char'
                  if field.c_field_type == 'void' or field.type.is_switch
                  else field.c_field_type))

        need_padding = True
        if self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
            need_padding = False

    return count
# _c_serialize_helper_fields()

def _c_serialize_helper(context, complex_type,
                        code_lines, temp_vars,
                        space='', prefix=[]):
    # count tracks the number of fields to serialize
    count = 0

    if hasattr(complex_type, 'type'):
        self = complex_type.type
        complex_name = complex_type.name
    else:
        self = complex_type
        if self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
            complex_name = 'xcb_out'
        else:
            complex_name = '_aux'

    # special case: switch is serialized by evaluating each bitcase separately
    if self.is_switch:
        count += _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name,
                                            code_lines, temp_vars,
                                            space, prefix)

    # all other data types can be evaluated one field a time
    else:
        # unserialize & fixed size fields: simply cast the buffer to the respective xcb_out type
        if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof') and not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += sizeof(%s);' % (space, self.c_type))
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len;' % space)
            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = 0;' % space)

        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self,
                                            code_lines, temp_vars,
                                            space, prefix, False)
    # "final padding"
    count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space, False, self.is_switch)

    return count
# _c_serialize_helper()

def _c_serialize(context, self):
    """
    depending on the context variable, generate _serialize(), _unserialize(), _unpack(), or _sizeof()
    for the ComplexType variable self
    """
    _h_setlevel(1)
    _c_setlevel(1)

    _hc('')
    # _serialize() returns the buffer size
    _hc('int')

    if self.is_switch and 'unserialize' == context:
        context = 'unpack'

    cases = { 'serialize'   : self.c_serialize_name,
              'unserialize' : self.c_unserialize_name,
              'unpack'      : self.c_unpack_name,
              'sizeof'      : self.c_sizeof_name }
    func_name = cases[context]

    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)
    variable_size_fields = 0
    # maximum space required for type definition of function arguments
    maxtypelen = 0

    # determine N(variable_fields)
    for field in param_fields:
        # if self.is_switch, treat all fields as if they are variable sized
        if not field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_switch:
            variable_size_fields += 1
    # determine maxtypelen
    for p in params:
        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, len(p[0]) + len(p[1]))

    # write to .c/.h
    indent = ' '*(len(func_name)+2)
    param_str = []
    for p in params:
        typespec, pointerspec, field_name = p
        spacing = ' '*(maxtypelen-len(typespec)-len(pointerspec))
        param_str.append("%s%s%s  %s%s  /**< */" % (indent, typespec, spacing, pointerspec, field_name))
    # insert function name
    param_str[0] = "%s (%s" % (func_name, param_str[0].strip())
    param_str = list(map(lambda x: "%s," % x, param_str))
    for s in param_str[:-1]:
        _hc(s)
    _h("%s);" % param_str[-1].rstrip(','))
    _c("%s)" % param_str[-1].rstrip(','))
    _c('{')

    code_lines = []
    temp_vars = []
    prefix = []

    if 'serialize' == context:
        if not self.is_switch and not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
            _c('    %s *xcb_out = *_buffer;', self.c_type)
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_out_pad = -sizeof(%s) & 3;', self.c_type)
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = sizeof(%s) + xcb_out_pad;', self.c_type)
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_align_to = 0;')
        else:
            _c('    char *xcb_out = *_buffer;')
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_align_to = 0;')
        if self.is_switch:
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_padding_offset = ((size_t)xcb_out) & 7;')
        prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
        aux_ptr = 'xcb_out'

    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):
        _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')
        if not self.is_switch:
            if not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)
                prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
            else:
                _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)
                prefix = [('xcb_out', '.', self)]
        else:
            aux_var = '_aux' # default for unpack: single pointer
            # note: unserialize not generated for switch
            if 'unserialize' == context:
                aux_var = '(*_aux)' # unserialize: double pointer (!)
            prefix = [(aux_var, '->', self)]
        aux_ptr = '*_aux'
        _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
        _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
        _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
        _c('    unsigned int xcb_align_to = 0;')
        if self.is_switch:
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_padding_offset = ((size_t)_buffer) & 7;')

    elif 'sizeof' == context:
        param_names = [p[2] for p in params]
        if self.is_switch:
            # switch: call _unpack()
            _c('    %s _aux;', self.c_type)
            _c('    return %s(%s, &_aux);', self.c_unpack_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))
            _c('}')
            return
        elif self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
            # special case: call _unserialize()
            _c('    return %s(%s, NULL);', self.c_unserialize_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))
            _c('}')
            return
        else:
            _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')
            prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
            if self.is_switch:
                _c('    unsigned int xcb_padding_offset = 0;')

    count = _c_serialize_helper(context, self, code_lines, temp_vars, prefix=prefix)
    # update variable size fields (only important for context=='serialize'
    variable_size_fields = count
    if 'serialize' == context:
        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
        temp_vars.append('    char xcb_pad0[3] = {0, 0, 0};')
        temp_vars.append('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];' % count)
        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_parts_idx = 0;')
        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int i;')
        temp_vars.append('    char *xcb_tmp;')
    elif 'sizeof' == context:
        # neither switch nor intermixed fixed and variable size fields:
        # evaluate parameters directly
        if not (self.is_switch or self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields):

            # look if we have to declare an '_aux' variable at all
            if len(list(filter(lambda x: x.find('_aux')!=-1, code_lines)))>0:
                if not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                    _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)
                else:
                    _c('    %s *_aux = malloc(sizeof(%s));', self.c_type, self.c_type)

            _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
            _c('    unsigned int xcb_align_to = 0;')

    _c('')
    for t in temp_vars:
        _c(t)
    _c('')
    for l in code_lines:
        _c(l)

    # variable sized fields have been collected, now
    # allocate memory and copy everything into a continuous memory area
    # note: this is not necessary in case of unpack
    if context in ('serialize', 'unserialize'):
        # unserialize: check for sizeof-only invocation
        if 'unserialize' == context:
            _c('')
            _c('    if (NULL == _aux)')
            _c('        return xcb_buffer_len;')

        _c('')
        _c('    if (NULL == %s) {', aux_ptr)
        _c('        /* allocate memory */')
        _c('        %s = malloc(xcb_buffer_len);', aux_ptr)
        if 'serialize' == context:
            _c('        *_buffer = xcb_out;')
        _c('    }')
        _c('')

        # serialize: handle variable size fields in a loop
        if 'serialize' == context:
            if not self.is_switch and not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                if len(wire_fields)>0:
                    _c('    *xcb_out = *_aux;')
            # copy variable size fields into the buffer
            if variable_size_fields > 0:
                # xcb_out padding
                if not self.is_switch and not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                    _c('    xcb_tmp = (char*)++xcb_out;')
                    _c('    xcb_tmp += xcb_out_pad;')
                else:
                    _c('    xcb_tmp = xcb_out;')

                # variable sized fields
                _c('    for(i=0; i<xcb_parts_idx; i++) {')
                _c('        if (0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_base && 0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_len)')
                _c('            memcpy(xcb_tmp, xcb_parts[i].iov_base, xcb_parts[i].iov_len);')
                _c('        if (0 != xcb_parts[i].iov_len)')
                _c('            xcb_tmp += xcb_parts[i].iov_len;')
                _c('    }')

        # unserialize: assign variable size fields individually
        if 'unserialize' == context:
            _c('    xcb_tmp = ((char *)*_aux)+xcb_buffer_len;')
            param_fields.reverse()
            for field in param_fields:
                if not field.type.fixed_size():
                    _c('    xcb_tmp -= %s_len;', field.c_field_name)
                    _c('    memmove(xcb_tmp, %s, %s_len);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
            _c('    *%s = xcb_out;', aux_ptr)

    _c('')
    _c('    return xcb_buffer_len;')
    _c('}')
# _c_serialize()

def _c_iterator_get_end(field, accum):
    '''
    Figures out what C code is needed to find the end of a variable-length structure field.
    For nested structures, recurses into its last variable-sized field.
    For lists, calls the end function
    '''
    if field.type.is_container:
        accum = field.c_accessor_name + '(' + accum + ')'
        return _c_iterator_get_end(field.type.last_varsized_field, accum)
    if field.type.is_list:
        # XXX we can always use the first way
        if field.type.member.is_simple:
            return field.c_end_name + '(' + accum + ')'
        else:
            return field.type.member.c_end_name + '(' + field.c_iterator_name + '(' + accum + '))'

def _c_iterator(self, name):
    '''
    Declares the iterator structure and next/end functions for a given type.
    '''
    _h_setlevel(0)
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_iterator_type)
    _h(' **/')
    _h('typedef struct %s {', self.c_iterator_type)
    _h('    %s *data; /**<  */', self.c_type)
    _h('    int%s rem; /**<  */', ' ' * (len(self.c_type) - 2))
    _h('    int%s index; /**<  */', ' ' * (len(self.c_type) - 2))
    _h('} %s;', self.c_iterator_type)

    _h_setlevel(1)
    _c_setlevel(1)
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * Get the next element of the iterator')
    _h(' * @param i Pointer to a %s', self.c_iterator_type)
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * Get the next element in the iterator. The member rem is')
    _h(' * decreased by one. The member data points to the next')
    _h(' * element. The member index is increased by sizeof(%s)', self.c_type)
    _h(' */')
    _c('')
    _hc('void')
    _h('%s (%s *i  /**< */);', self.c_next_name, self.c_iterator_type)
    _c('%s (%s *i  /**< */)', self.c_next_name, self.c_iterator_type)
    _c('{')

    if not self.fixed_size():
        _c('    %s *R = i->data;', self.c_type)

        if self.is_union:
            # FIXME - how to determine the size of a variable size union??
            _c('    /* FIXME - determine the size of the union %s */', self.c_type)
        else:
            if self.c_need_sizeof:
                _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child;')
                _c('    child.data = (%s *)(((char *)R) + %s(R));',
                   self.c_type, self.c_sizeof_name)
                _c('    i->index = (char *) child.data - (char *) i->data;')
            else:
                _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(self.last_varsized_field, 'R'))
                _c('    i->index = child.index;')
            _c('    --i->rem;')
            _c('    i->data = (%s *) child.data;', self.c_type)

    else:
        _c('    --i->rem;')
        _c('    ++i->data;')
        _c('    i->index += sizeof(%s);', self.c_type)

    _c('}')

    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * Return the iterator pointing to the last element')
    _h(' * @param i An %s', self.c_iterator_type)
    _h(' * @return  The iterator pointing to the last element')
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * Set the current element in the iterator to the last element.')
    _h(' * The member rem is set to 0. The member data points to the')
    _h(' * last element.')
    _h(' */')
    _c('')
    _hc('xcb_generic_iterator_t')
    _h('%s (%s i  /**< */);', self.c_end_name, self.c_iterator_type)
    _c('%s (%s i  /**< */)', self.c_end_name, self.c_iterator_type)
    _c('{')
    _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t ret;')

    if self.fixed_size():
        _c('    ret.data = i.data + i.rem;')
        _c('    ret.index = i.index + ((char *) ret.data - (char *) i.data);')
        _c('    ret.rem = 0;')
    else:
        _c('    while(i.rem > 0)')
        _c('        %s(&i);', self.c_next_name)
        _c('    ret.data = i.data;')
        _c('    ret.rem = i.rem;')
        _c('    ret.index = i.index;')

    _c('    return ret;')
    _c('}')

def _c_accessor_get_length(expr, field_mapping=None):
    '''
    Figures out what C code is needed to get a length field.
    The field_mapping parameter can be used to change the absolute name of a length field.
    For fields that follow a variable-length field, use the accessor.
    Otherwise, just reference the structure field directly.
    '''

    lenfield_name = expr.lenfield_name
    if lenfield_name is not None:
        if field_mapping is not None:
            lenfield_name = field_mapping[lenfield_name][0]

    if expr.lenfield is not None and expr.lenfield.prev_varsized_field is not None:
        # special case: variable and fixed size fields are intermixed
        # if the lenfield is among the fixed size fields, there is no need
        # to call a special accessor function like <expr.lenfield.c_accessor_name + '(' + prefix + ')'>
        return field_mapping(expr.lenfield_name)
    elif expr.lenfield_name is not None:
        return lenfield_name
    else:
        return str(expr.nmemb)

def _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, field_mapping):
    '''
    Figures out what C code is needed to get the length of a list field.
    The field_mapping parameter can be used to change the absolute name of a length field.
    Recurses for math operations.
    Returns bitcount for value-mask fields.
    Otherwise, uses the value of the length field.
    '''
    lenexp = _c_accessor_get_length(expr, field_mapping)

    if expr.op == '~':
        return '(' + '~' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')'
    elif expr.op == 'popcount':
        return 'xcb_popcount(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')'
    elif expr.op == 'enumref':
        enum_name = expr.lenfield_type.name
        constant_name = expr.lenfield_name
        c_name = _n(enum_name + (constant_name,)).upper()
        return c_name
    elif expr.op == 'sumof':
        # locate the referenced list object
        list_obj = expr.lenfield_type
        field = None
        for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:
            if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:
                field = f
                break

        if field is None:
            raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)
        list_name = field_mapping[field.c_field_name][0]
        c_length_func = "%s(%s)" % (field.c_length_name, list_name)
        # note: xcb_sumof() has only been defined for integers
        c_length_func = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, field_mapping)
        return 'xcb_sumof(%s, %s)' % (list_name, c_length_func)
    elif expr.op != None:
        return ('(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.lhs, field_mapping) +
                ' ' + expr.op + ' ' +
                _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, field_mapping) + ')')
    elif expr.bitfield:
        return 'xcb_popcount(' + lenexp + ')'
    else:
        return lenexp

def type_pad_type(type):
    if type == 'void':
        return 'char'
    return type

def _c_accessors_field(self, field):
    '''
    Declares the accessor functions for a non-list field that follows a variable-length field.
    '''
    c_type = self.c_type

    # special case: switch
    switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None
    if self.is_case_or_bitcase:
        switch_obj = self.parents[-1]
    if switch_obj is not None:
        c_type = switch_obj.c_type

    if field.type.is_simple:
        _hc('')
        _hc('%s', field.c_field_type)
        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
        _c('{')
        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
        else:
            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
            _c('    return * (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);',
               field.c_field_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)
        _c('}')
    else:
        _hc('')
        if field.type.is_switch and switch_obj is None:
            return_type = 'void *'
        else:
            return_type = '%s *' % field.c_field_type

        _hc(return_type)
        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, c_type)
        _c('{')
        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
            _c('    return (%s) (R + 1);', return_type)
            # note: the special case 'variable fields followed by fixed size fields'
            #       is not of any consequence here, since the ordering gets
            #       'corrected' in the reply function
        else:
            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
            _c('    return (%s) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);',
               return_type, type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type), field.prev_varsized_offset)
        _c('}')


def _c_accessors_list(self, field):
    '''
    Declares the accessor functions for a list field.
    Declares a direct-accessor function only if the list members are fixed size.
    Declares length and get-iterator functions always.
    '''

    def get_align_pad(field):
            prev = field.prev_varsized_field
            prev_prev = field.prev_varsized_field.prev_varsized_field

            if (prev.type.is_pad and prev.type.align > 0 and prev_prev is not None):
                return (prev_prev, '((-prev.index) & (%d - 1))' % prev.type.align)
            else:
                return (prev, None)


    list = field.type
    c_type = self.c_type

    # special case: switch
    # in case of switch, 2 params have to be supplied to certain accessor functions:
    #   1. the anchestor object (request or reply)
    #   2. the (anchestor) switch object
    # the reason is that switch is either a child of a request/reply or nested in another switch,
    # so whenever we need to access a length field, we might need to refer to some anchestor type
    switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None
    if self.is_case_or_bitcase:
        switch_obj = self.parents[-1]
    if switch_obj is not None:
        c_type = switch_obj.c_type

    params = []
    fields = {}
    parents = self.parents if hasattr(self, 'parents') else [self]
    # 'R': parents[0] is always the 'toplevel' container type
    params.append(('const %s *R' % parents[0].c_type, parents[0]))
    fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(parents[0], [('R', '->', parents[0])], flat=True))
    # auxiliary object for 'R' parameters
    R_obj = parents[0]

    if switch_obj is not None:
        # now look where the fields are defined that are needed to evaluate
        # the switch expr, and store the parent objects in accessor_params and
        # the fields in switch_fields

        # 'S': name for the 'toplevel' switch
        toplevel_switch = parents[1]
        params.append(('const %s *S' % toplevel_switch.c_type, toplevel_switch))
        fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(toplevel_switch, [('S', '->', toplevel_switch)], flat=True))

        # initialize prefix for everything "below" S
        prefix_str = '/* %s */ S' % toplevel_switch.name[-1]
        prefix = [(prefix_str, '->', toplevel_switch)]

        # look for fields in the remaining containers
        for p in parents[2:] + [self]:
            # the separator between parent and child is always '.' here,
            # because of nested switch statements
            if not p.is_case_or_bitcase or (p.is_case_or_bitcase and p.has_name):
                prefix.append((p.name[-1], '.', p))
            fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(p, prefix, flat=True))

        # auxiliary object for 'S' parameter
        S_obj = parents[1]

    _h_setlevel(1)
    _c_setlevel(1)
    if list.member.fixed_size():
        idx = 1 if switch_obj is not None else 0
        _hc('')
        _hc('%s *', field.c_field_type)

        _h('%s (%s  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0])
        _c('%s (%s  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0])

        _c('{')
        if switch_obj is not None:
            _c('    return %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0])
        elif field.prev_varsized_field is None:
            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
        else:
            (prev_varsized_field, align_pad) = get_align_pad(field)

            if align_pad is None:
                align_pad = ('XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index)' %
                    type_pad_type(field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type))

            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;',
                _c_iterator_get_end(prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
            _c('    return (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + %s + %d);',
               field.c_field_type, align_pad, field.prev_varsized_offset)
        _c('}')

    _hc('')
    _hc('int')
    if switch_obj is not None:
        _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_length_name, R_obj.c_type)
        spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_length_name)+2)
        _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
        _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
        length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields)
    else:
        _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_length_name, c_type)
        _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_length_name, c_type)
        length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields)
    _c('{')
    _c('    return %s;', length)
    _c('}')

    if field.type.member.is_simple:
        _hc('')
        _hc('xcb_generic_iterator_t')
        if switch_obj is not None:
            _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_end_name, R_obj.c_type)
            spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_end_name)+2)
            _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
            _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
        else:
            _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_end_name, c_type)
            _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_end_name, c_type)
        _c('{')
        _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t i;')

        param = 'R' if switch_obj is None else 'S'
        if switch_obj is not None:
            _c('    i.data = %s + %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0],
               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
        elif field.prev_varsized_field == None:
            _c('    i.data = ((%s *) (R + 1)) + (%s);', field.type.c_wiretype,
               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
        else:
            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;',
               _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
            _c('    i.data = ((%s *) child.data) + (%s);', field.type.c_wiretype,
               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))

        _c('    i.rem = 0;')
        _c('    i.index = (char *) i.data - (char *) %s;', param)
        _c('    return i;')
        _c('}')

    else:
        _hc('')
        _hc('%s', field.c_iterator_type)
        if switch_obj is not None:
            _hc('%s (const %s *R  /**< */,', field.c_iterator_name, R_obj.c_type)
            spacing = ' '*(len(field.c_iterator_name)+2)
            _h('%sconst %s *S /**< */);', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
            _c('%sconst %s *S  /**< */)', spacing, S_obj.c_type)
        else:
            _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_iterator_name, c_type)
            _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_iterator_name, c_type)
        _c('{')
        _c('    %s i;', field.c_iterator_type)

        if switch_obj is not None:
            _c('    i.data = %s;', fields[field.c_field_name][0])
            _c('    i.rem = %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
        elif field.prev_varsized_field == None:
            _c('    i.data = (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
        else:
            (prev_varsized_field, align_pad) = get_align_pad(field)

            if align_pad is None:
                align_pad = ('XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index)' %
                    type_pad_type(field.c_field_type))

            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;',
                _c_iterator_get_end(prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
            _c('    i.data = (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + %s);',
                field.c_field_type, align_pad)

        if switch_obj is None:
            _c('    i.rem = %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, fields))
        _c('    i.index = (char *) i.data - (char *) %s;', 'R' if switch_obj is None else 'S' )
        _c('    return i;')
        _c('}')

def _c_accessors(self, name, base):
    '''
    Declares the accessor functions for the fields of a structure.
    '''
    # no accessors for switch itself -
    # switch always needs to be unpacked explicitly
#    if self.is_switch:
#        pass
#    else:
    if True:
        for field in self.fields:
            if not field.type.is_pad:
                if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
                    _c_accessors_list(self, field)
                elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():
                    _c_accessors_field(self, field)

def c_simple(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles cardinal type declarations.
    These are types which are typedef'd to one of the CARDx's, char, float, etc.
    '''
    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())

    if (self.name != name):
        # Typedef
        _h_setlevel(0)
        my_name = _t(name)
        _h('')
        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name), my_name)

        # Iterator
        _c_iterator(self, name)

def _c_complex(self, force_packed = False):
    '''
    Helper function for handling all structure types.
    Called for all structs, requests, replies, events, errors.
    '''
    _h_setlevel(0)
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_type)
    _h(' **/')
    _h('typedef %s %s {', self.c_container, self.c_type)

    struct_fields = []
    maxtypelen = 0

    varfield = None
    for field in self.fields:
        if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch and not self.is_union:
            varfield = field.c_field_name
            continue
        if field.wire:
            struct_fields.append(field)

    for field in struct_fields:
        length = len(field.c_field_type)
        # account for '*' pointer_spec
        if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_union:
            length += 1
        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, length)

    def _c_complex_field(self, field, space=''):
        if (field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_union or
            # in case of switch with switch children, don't make the field a pointer
            # necessary for unserialize to work
            (self.is_switch and field.type.is_switch)):
            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))
            _h('%s    %s%s %s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)
        else:
            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - (len(field.c_field_type) + 1))
            _h('%s    %s%s *%s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)

    if not self.is_switch:
        for field in struct_fields:
            _c_complex_field(self, field)
    else:
        for b in self.bitcases:
            space = ''
            if b.type.has_name:
                _h('    struct _%s {', b.c_field_name)
                space = '    '
            for field in b.type.fields:
                _c_complex_field(self, field, space)
            if b.type.has_name:
                _h('    } %s;', b.c_field_name)

    _h('} %s%s;', 'XCB_PACKED ' if force_packed else '', self.c_type)

def c_struct(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles structure declarations.
    '''
    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())
    _c_complex(self)
    _c_accessors(self, name, name)
    _c_iterator(self, name)

def c_union(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles union declarations.
    '''
    _c_type_setup(self, name, ())
    _c_complex(self)
    _c_iterator(self, name)

def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular, aux=False, reply_fds=False):
    '''
    Declares a request function.
    '''

    # Four stunningly confusing possibilities here:
    #
    #   Void            Non-void
    # ------------------------------
    # "req"            "req"
    # 0 flag           CHECKED flag   Normal Mode
    # void_cookie      req_cookie
    # ------------------------------
    # "req_checked"    "req_unchecked"
    # CHECKED flag     0 flag         Abnormal Mode
    # void_cookie      req_cookie
    # ------------------------------


    # Whether we are _checked or _unchecked
    checked = void and not regular
    unchecked = not void and not regular

    # What kind of cookie we return
    func_cookie = 'xcb_void_cookie_t' if void else self.c_cookie_type

    # What flag is passed to xcb_request
    func_flags = '0' if (void and regular) or (not void and not regular) else 'XCB_REQUEST_CHECKED'

    if reply_fds:
        if func_flags == '0':
            func_flags = 'XCB_REQUEST_REPLY_FDS'
        else:
            func_flags = func_flags + '|XCB_REQUEST_REPLY_FDS'

    # Global extension id variable or NULL for xproto
    func_ext_global = '&' + _ns.c_ext_global_name if _ns.is_ext else '0'

    # What our function name is
    func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name
    if checked:
        func_name = self.c_checked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_checked_name
    if unchecked:
        func_name = self.c_unchecked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_unchecked_name

    param_fields = []
    wire_fields = []
    maxtypelen = len('xcb_connection_t')
    serial_fields = []
    # special case: list with variable size elements
    list_with_var_size_elems = False

    for field in self.fields:
        if field.visible:
            # The field should appear as a call parameter
            param_fields.append(field)
        if field.wire and not field.auto:
            # We need to set the field up in the structure
            wire_fields.append(field)
        if field.type.c_need_serialize or field.type.c_need_sizeof:
            serial_fields.append(field)

    for field in param_fields:
        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type
        if field.type.c_need_serialize and not aux:
            c_field_const_type = "const void"
        if len(c_field_const_type) > maxtypelen:
            maxtypelen = len(c_field_const_type)
        if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():
            list_with_var_size_elems = True

    _h_setlevel(1)
    _c_setlevel(1)
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc:
        if self.doc.brief:
            _h(' * @brief ' + self.doc.brief)
        else:
            _h(' * No brief doc yet')

    _h(' *')
    _h(' * @param c The connection')
    param_names = [f.c_field_name for f in param_fields]
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc:
        for field in param_fields:
            # XXX: hard-coded until we fix xproto.xml
            base_func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name
            if base_func_name == 'xcb_change_gc' and field.c_field_name == 'value_mask':
                field.enum = 'GC'
            elif base_func_name == 'xcb_change_window_attributes' and field.c_field_name == 'value_mask':
                field.enum = 'CW'
            elif base_func_name == 'xcb_create_window' and field.c_field_name == 'value_mask':
                field.enum = 'CW'
            if field.enum:
                # XXX: why the 'xcb' prefix?
                key = ('xcb', field.enum)

                tname = _t(key)
                if namecount[tname] > 1:
                    tname = _t(key + ('enum',))
                _h(' * @param %s A bitmask of #%s values.' % (field.c_field_name, tname))

            if self.doc and field.field_name in self.doc.fields:
                desc = self.doc.fields[field.field_name]
                for name in param_names:
                    desc = desc.replace('`%s`' % name, '\\a %s' % (name))
                desc = desc.split("\n")
                desc = [line if line != '' else '\\n' for line in desc]
                _h(' * @param %s %s' % (field.c_field_name, "\n * ".join(desc)))
            # If there is no documentation yet, we simply don't generate an
            # @param tag. Doxygen will then warn about missing documentation.

    _h(' * @return A cookie')
    _h(' *')

    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc:
        if self.doc.description:
            desc = self.doc.description
            for name in param_names:
                desc = desc.replace('`%s`' % name, '\\a %s' % (name))
            desc = desc.split("\n")
            _h(' * ' + "\n * ".join(desc))
        else:
            _h(' * No description yet')
    else:
        _h(' * Delivers a request to the X server.')
    _h(' *')
    if checked:
        _h(' * This form can be used only if the request will not cause')
        _h(' * a reply to be generated. Any returned error will be')
        _h(' * saved for handling by xcb_request_check().')
    if unchecked:
        _h(' * This form can be used only if the request will cause')
        _h(' * a reply to be generated. Any returned error will be')
        _h(' * placed in the event queue.')
    _h(' */')
    _c('')
    _hc('%s', cookie_type)

    spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len('xcb_connection_t'))
    comma = ',' if len(param_fields) else ');'
    _h('%s (xcb_connection_t%s *c  /**< */%s', func_name, spacing, comma)
    comma = ',' if len(param_fields) else ')'
    _c('%s (xcb_connection_t%s *c  /**< */%s', func_name, spacing, comma)

    func_spacing = ' ' * (len(func_name) + 2)
    count = len(param_fields)
    for field in param_fields:
        count = count - 1
        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type
        c_pointer = field.c_pointer
        if field.type.c_need_serialize and not aux:
            c_field_const_type = "const void"
            c_pointer = '*'
        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))
        comma = ',' if count else ');'
        _h('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type,
           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
        comma = ',' if count else ')'
        _c('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type,
           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)

    count = 2
    if not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
        for field in param_fields:
            if not field.type.fixed_size():
                count = count + 2
                if field.type.c_need_serialize:
                    # _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically
                    count -= 1
    dimension = count + 2

    _c('{')
    _c('    static const xcb_protocol_request_t xcb_req = {')
    _c('        /* count */ %d,', count)
    _c('        /* ext */ %s,', func_ext_global)
    _c('        /* opcode */ %s,', self.c_request_name.upper())
    _c('        /* isvoid */ %d', 1 if void else 0)
    _c('    };')
    _c('')

    _c('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];', dimension)
    _c('    %s xcb_ret;', func_cookie)
    _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)
    if self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
        _c('    /* in the protocol description, variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields */')
        _c('    void *xcb_aux = 0;')


    for idx, f in enumerate(serial_fields):
        if aux:
            _c('    void *xcb_aux%d = 0;' % (idx))
    if list_with_var_size_elems:
        _c('    unsigned int i;')
        _c('    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;')
        _c('    char *xcb_tmp;')
    _c('')
    # simple request call tracing
#    _c('    printf("in function %s\\n");' % func_name)

    # fixed size fields
    for field in wire_fields:
        if field.type.fixed_size():
            if field.type.is_expr:
                _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None))
            elif field.type.is_pad:
                if field.type.nmemb == 1:
                    _c('    xcb_out.%s = 0;', field.c_field_name)
                else:
                    _c('    memset(xcb_out.%s, 0, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)
            else:
                if field.type.nmemb == 1:
                    _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
                else:
                    _c('    memcpy(xcb_out.%s, %s, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)

    def get_serialize_args(type_obj, c_field_name, aux_var, context='serialize'):
        serialize_args = get_serialize_params(context, type_obj,
                                              c_field_name,
                                              aux_var)[2]
        return reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x,y), [a[2] for a in serialize_args])

    # calls in order to free dyn. all. memory
    free_calls = []

    _c('')
    if not self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')
        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = sizeof(xcb_out);')
        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_base = 0;')
        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_len = -xcb_parts[2].iov_len & 3;')

        count = 4

        for field in param_fields:
            if not field.type.fixed_size():
                _c('    /* %s %s */', field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name)
                # default: simple cast to char *
                if not field.type.c_need_serialize and not field.type.c_need_sizeof:
                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
                    if field.type.is_list:
                        if field.type.member.fixed_size():
                            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s * sizeof(%s);', count,
                               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None),
                               field.type.member.c_wiretype)
                        else:
                            list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, None)

                            length = ''
                            _c("    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = 0;" % count)
                            _c("    xcb_tmp = (char *)%s;", field.c_field_name)
                            _c("    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % list_length)
                            _c("        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" %
                                              (field.type.c_sizeof_name))
                            _c("        xcb_parts[%d].iov_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % count)
                            _c("        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;")
                            _c("    }")
                    else:
                        # not supposed to happen
                        raise Exception("unhandled variable size field %s" % field.c_field_name)
                else:
                    if not aux:
                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
                    idx = serial_fields.index(field)
                    aux_var = '&xcb_aux%d' % idx
                    context = 'serialize' if aux else 'sizeof'
                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len =', count)
                    if aux:
                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, aux_var, field.c_field_name, context)
                        _c('      %s (%s);', field.type.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)
                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = xcb_aux%d;' % (count, idx))
                        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux%d);' % idx)
                    else:
                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, field.c_field_name, aux_var, context)
                        func_name = field.type.c_sizeof_name
                        _c('      %s (%s);', func_name, serialize_args)

                count += 1
                if not (field.type.c_need_serialize or field.type.c_need_sizeof):
                    # the _serialize() function keeps track of padding automatically
                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = 0;', count)
                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = -xcb_parts[%d].iov_len & 3;', count, count-1)
                    count += 1

    # elif self.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
    else:
        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')
        # request header: opcodes + length
        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = 2*sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint16_t);')
        count += 1
        # call _serialize()
        buffer_var = '&xcb_aux'
        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(self, buffer_var, '&xcb_out', 'serialize')
        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s (%s);', count, self.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)
        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) xcb_aux;', count)
        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux);')
        # no padding necessary - _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically

    _c('')
    for field in param_fields:
        if field.isfd:
            _c('    xcb_send_fd(c, %s);', field.c_field_name)

    _c('    xcb_ret.sequence = xcb_send_request(c, %s, xcb_parts + 2, &xcb_req);', func_flags)

    # free dyn. all. data, if any
    for f in free_calls:
        _c(f)
    _c('    return xcb_ret;')
    _c('}')

def _c_reply(self, name):
    '''
    Declares the function that returns the reply structure.
    '''
    spacing1 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_connection_t'))
    spacing2 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_generic_error_t'))
    spacing3 = ' ' * (len(self.c_reply_name) + 2)

    # check if _unserialize() has to be called for any field
    def look_for_special_cases(complex_obj):
        unserialize_fields = []
        # no unserialize call in case of switch
        if not complex_obj.is_switch:
            for field in complex_obj.fields:
                # three cases: 1. field with special case
                #              2. container that contains special case field
                #              3. list with special case elements
                if field.type.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                    unserialize_fields.append(field)
                elif field.type.is_container:
                    unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type)
                elif field.type.is_list:
                    if field.type.member.c_var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
                        unserialize_fields.append(field)
                    if field.type.member.is_container:
                        unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type.member)
        return unserialize_fields

    unserialize_fields = look_for_special_cases(self.reply)

    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * Return the reply')
    _h(' * @param c      The connection')
    _h(' * @param cookie The cookie')
    _h(' * @param e      The xcb_generic_error_t supplied')
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * Returns the reply of the request asked by')
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * The parameter @p e supplied to this function must be NULL if')
    _h(' * %s(). is used.', self.c_unchecked_name)
    _h(' * Otherwise, it stores the error if any.')
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * The returned value must be freed by the caller using free().')
    _h(' */')
    _c('')
    _hc('%s *', self.c_reply_type)
    _hc('%s (xcb_connection_t%s  *c  /**< */,', self.c_reply_name, spacing1)
    _hc('%s%s   cookie  /**< */,', spacing3, self.c_cookie_type)
    _h('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */);', spacing3, spacing2)
    _c('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */)', spacing3, spacing2)
    _c('{')

    if len(unserialize_fields)>0:
        # certain variable size fields need to be unserialized explicitly
        _c('    %s *reply = (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);',
           self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_type)
        _c('    int i;')
        for field in unserialize_fields:
            if field.type.is_list:
                _c('    %s %s_iter = %s(reply);', field.c_iterator_type, field.c_field_name, field.c_iterator_name)
                _c('    int %s_len = %s(reply);', field.c_field_name, field.c_length_name)
                _c('    %s *%s_data;', field.c_field_type, field.c_field_name)
            else:
                raise Exception('not implemented: call _unserialize() in reply for non-list type %s', field.c_field_type)
        # call _unserialize(), using the reply as source and target buffer
        _c('    /* special cases: transform parts of the reply to match XCB data structures */')
        for field in unserialize_fields:
            if field.type.is_list:
                _c('    for(i=0; i<%s_len; i++) {', field.c_field_name)
                _c('        %s_data = %s_iter.data;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
                _c('        %s((const void *)%s_data, &%s_data);', field.type.c_unserialize_name,
                   field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
                _c('        %s(&%s_iter);', field.type.c_next_name, field.c_field_name)
                _c('    }')
        # return the transformed reply
        _c('    return reply;')

    else:
        _c('    return (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', self.c_reply_type)

    _c('}')

def _c_reply_has_fds(self):
    for field in self.fields:
        if field.isfd:
            return True
    return False

def _c_reply_fds(self, name):
    '''
    Declares the function that returns fds related to the reply.
    '''
    spacing1 = ' ' * (len(self.c_reply_type) - len('xcb_connection_t'))
    spacing3 = ' ' * (len(self.c_reply_fds_name) + 2)
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * Return the reply fds')
    _h(' * @param c      The connection')
    _h(' * @param reply  The reply')
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * Returns the array of reply fds of the request asked by')
    _h(' *')
    _h(' * The returned value must be freed by the caller using free().')
    _h(' */')
    _c('')
    _hc('int *')
    _hc('%s (xcb_connection_t%s  *c  /**< */,', self.c_reply_fds_name, spacing1)
    _h('%s%s  *reply  /**< */);', spacing3, self.c_reply_type)
    _c('%s%s  *reply  /**< */)', spacing3, self.c_reply_type)
    _c('{')

    _c('    return xcb_get_reply_fds(c, reply, sizeof(%s) + 4 * reply->length);', self.c_reply_type)

    _c('}')


def _c_opcode(name, opcode):
    '''
    Declares the opcode define for requests, events, and errors.
    '''
    _h_setlevel(0)
    _h('')
    _h('/** Opcode for %s. */', _n(name))
    _h('#define %s %s', _n(name).upper(), opcode)

def _c_cookie(self, name):
    '''
    Declares the cookie type for a non-void request.
    '''
    _h_setlevel(0)
    _h('')
    _h('/**')
    _h(' * @brief %s', self.c_cookie_type)
    _h(' **/')
    _h('typedef struct %s {', self.c_cookie_type)
    _h('    unsigned int sequence; /**<  */')
    _h('} %s;', self.c_cookie_type)

def _man_request(self, name, cookie_type, void, aux):
    param_fields = [f for f in self.fields if f.visible]

    func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name

    def create_link(linkname):
        name = 'man/%s.%s' % (linkname, section)
        if manpaths:
            sys.stdout.write(name)
        f = open(name, 'w')
        f.write('.so man%s/%s.%s' % (section, func_name, section))
        f.close()

    if manpaths:
        sys.stdout.write('man/%s.%s ' % (func_name, section))
    # Our CWD is src/, so this will end up in src/man/
    f = open('man/%s.%s' % (func_name, section), 'w')
    f.write('.TH %s %s  "%s" "%s" "XCB Requests"\n' % (func_name, section, center_footer, left_footer))
    # Left-adjust instead of adjusting to both sides
    f.write('.ad l\n')
    f.write('.SH NAME\n')
    brief = self.doc.brief if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc else ''
    f.write('%s \\- %s\n' % (func_name, brief))
    f.write('.SH SYNOPSIS\n')
    # Don't split words (hyphenate)
    f.write('.hy 0\n')
    f.write('.B #include <xcb/%s.h>\n' % _ns.header)

    # function prototypes
    prototype = ''
    count = len(param_fields)
    for field in param_fields:
        count = count - 1
        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type
        c_pointer = field.c_pointer
        if c_pointer == ' ':
            c_pointer = ''
        if field.type.c_need_serialize and not aux:
            c_field_const_type = "const void"
            c_pointer = '*'
        comma = ', ' if count else ');'
        prototype += '%s\\ %s\\fI%s\\fP%s' % (c_field_const_type, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)

    f.write('.SS Request function\n')
    f.write('.HP\n')
    base_func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name
    f.write('%s \\fB%s\\fP(xcb_connection_t\\ *\\fIconn\\fP, %s\n' % (cookie_type, base_func_name, prototype))
    create_link('%s_%s' % (base_func_name, ('checked' if void else 'unchecked')))
    if not void:
        f.write('.PP\n')
        f.write('.SS Reply datastructure\n')
        f.write('.nf\n')
        f.write('.sp\n')
        f.write('typedef %s %s {\n' % (self.reply.c_container, self.reply.c_type))
        struct_fields = []
        maxtypelen = 0

        for field in self.reply.fields:
            if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch and not self.is_union:
                continue
            if field.wire:
                struct_fields.append(field)

        for field in struct_fields:
            length = len(field.c_field_type)
            # account for '*' pointer_spec
            if not field.type.fixed_size():
                length += 1
            maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, length)

        def _c_complex_field(self, field, space=''):
            if (field.type.fixed_size() or
                # in case of switch with switch children, don't make the field a pointer
                # necessary for unserialize to work
                (self.is_switch and field.type.is_switch)):
                spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))
                f.write('%s    %s%s \\fI%s\\fP%s;\n' % (space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript))
            else:
                spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - (len(field.c_field_type) + 1))
                f.write('ELSE %s = %s\n' % (field.c_field_type, field.c_field_name))
                #_h('%s    %s%s *%s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)

        if not self.is_switch:
            for field in struct_fields:
                _c_complex_field(self, field)
        else:
            for b in self.bitcases:
                space = ''
                if b.type.has_name:
                    space = '    '
                for field in b.type.fields:
                    _c_complex_field(self, field, space)
                if b.type.has_name:
                    print >> sys.stderr, 'ERROR: New unhandled documentation case'
                    pass

        f.write('} \\fB%s\\fP;\n' % self.reply.c_type)
        f.write('.fi\n')

        f.write('.SS Reply function\n')
        f.write('.HP\n')
        f.write(('%s *\\fB%s\\fP(xcb_connection_t\\ *\\fIconn\\fP, %s\\ '
                 '\\fIcookie\\fP, xcb_generic_error_t\\ **\\fIe\\fP);\n') %
                (self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_name, self.c_cookie_type))
        create_link('%s' % self.c_reply_name)

        has_accessors = False
        for field in self.reply.fields:
            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
                has_accessors = True
            elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():
                has_accessors = True

        if has_accessors:
            f.write('.SS Reply accessors\n')

        def _c_accessors_field(self, field):
            '''
            Declares the accessor functions for a non-list field that follows a variable-length field.
            '''
            c_type = self.c_type

            # special case: switch
            switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None
            if self.is_case_or_bitcase:
                switch_obj = self.parents[-1]
            if switch_obj is not None:
                c_type = switch_obj.c_type

            if field.type.is_simple:
                f.write('%s %s (const %s *reply)\n' % (field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name, c_type))
                create_link('%s' % field.c_accessor_name)
            else:
                f.write('%s *%s (const %s *reply)\n' % (field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name, c_type))
                create_link('%s' % field.c_accessor_name)

        def _c_accessors_list(self, field):
            '''
            Declares the accessor functions for a list field.
            Declares a direct-accessor function only if the list members are fixed size.
            Declares length and get-iterator functions always.
            '''
            list = field.type
            c_type = self.reply.c_type

            # special case: switch
            # in case of switch, 2 params have to be supplied to certain accessor functions:
            #   1. the anchestor object (request or reply)
            #   2. the (anchestor) switch object
            # the reason is that switch is either a child of a request/reply or nested in another switch,
            # so whenever we need to access a length field, we might need to refer to some anchestor type
            switch_obj = self if self.is_switch else None
            if self.is_case_or_bitcase:
                switch_obj = self.parents[-1]
            if switch_obj is not None:
                c_type = switch_obj.c_type

            params = []
            fields = {}
            parents = self.parents if hasattr(self, 'parents') else [self]
            # 'R': parents[0] is always the 'toplevel' container type
            params.append(('const %s *\\fIreply\\fP' % parents[0].c_type, parents[0]))
            fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(parents[0], [('R', '->', parents[0])], flat=True))
            # auxiliary object for 'R' parameters
            R_obj = parents[0]

            if switch_obj is not None:
                # now look where the fields are defined that are needed to evaluate
                # the switch expr, and store the parent objects in accessor_params and
                # the fields in switch_fields

                # 'S': name for the 'toplevel' switch
                toplevel_switch = parents[1]
                params.append(('const %s *S' % toplevel_switch.c_type, toplevel_switch))
                fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(toplevel_switch, [('S', '->', toplevel_switch)], flat=True))

                # initialize prefix for everything "below" S
                prefix_str = '/* %s */ S' % toplevel_switch.name[-1]
                prefix = [(prefix_str, '->', toplevel_switch)]

                # look for fields in the remaining containers
                for p in parents[2:] + [self]:
                    # the separator between parent and child is always '.' here,
                    # because of nested switch statements
                    if not p.is_case_or_bitcase or (p.is_case_or_bitcase and p.has_name):
                        prefix.append((p.name[-1], '.', p))
                    fields.update(_c_helper_field_mapping(p, prefix, flat=True))

                # auxiliary object for 'S' parameter
                S_obj = parents[1]

            if list.member.fixed_size():
                idx = 1 if switch_obj is not None else 0
                f.write('.HP\n')
                f.write('%s *\\fB%s\\fP(%s);\n' %
                        (field.c_field_type, field.c_accessor_name, params[idx][0]))
                create_link('%s' % field.c_accessor_name)

            f.write('.HP\n')
            f.write('int \\fB%s\\fP(const %s *\\fIreply\\fP);\n' %
                    (field.c_length_name, c_type))
            create_link('%s' % field.c_length_name)

            if field.type.member.is_simple:
                f.write('.HP\n')
                f.write('xcb_generic_iterator_t \\fB%s\\fP(const %s *\\fIreply\\fP);\n' %
                        (field.c_end_name, c_type))
                create_link('%s' % field.c_end_name)
            else:
                f.write('.HP\n')
                f.write('%s \\fB%s\\fP(const %s *\\fIreply\\fP);\n' %
                        (field.c_iterator_type, field.c_iterator_name,
                         c_type))
                create_link('%s' % field.c_iterator_name)

        for field in self.reply.fields:
            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
                _c_accessors_list(self, field)
            elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():
                _c_accessors_field(self, field)


    f.write('.br\n')
    # Re-enable hyphenation and adjusting to both sides
    f.write('.hy 1\n')

    # argument reference
    f.write('.SH REQUEST ARGUMENTS\n')
    f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % 'conn')
    f.write('The XCB connection to X11.\n')
    for field in param_fields:
        f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % (field.c_field_name))
        printed_enum = False
        # XXX: hard-coded until we fix xproto.xml
        if base_func_name == 'xcb_change_gc' and field.c_field_name == 'value_mask':
            field.enum = 'GC'
        elif base_func_name == 'xcb_change_window_attributes' and field.c_field_name == 'value_mask':
            field.enum = 'CW'
        elif base_func_name == 'xcb_create_window' and field.c_field_name == 'value_mask':
            field.enum = 'CW'
        if hasattr(field, "enum") and field.enum:
            # XXX: why the 'xcb' prefix?
            key = ('xcb', field.enum)
            if key in enums:
                f.write('One of the following values:\n')
                f.write('.RS 1i\n')
                enum = enums[key]
                count = len(enum.values)
                for (enam, eval) in enum.values:
                    count = count - 1
                    f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % (_n(key + (enam,)).upper()))
                    if hasattr(enum, "doc") and enum.doc and enam in enum.doc.fields:
                        desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', enum.doc.fields[enam])
                        f.write('%s\n' % desc)
                    else:
                        f.write('TODO: NOT YET DOCUMENTED.\n')
                f.write('.RE\n')
                f.write('.RS 1i\n')
                printed_enum = True

        if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and field.field_name in self.doc.fields:
            desc = self.doc.fields[field.field_name]
            desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', desc)
            if printed_enum:
                f.write('\n')
            f.write('%s\n' % desc)
        else:
            f.write('TODO: NOT YET DOCUMENTED.\n')
        if printed_enum:
            f.write('.RE\n')

    # Reply reference
    if not void:
        f.write('.SH REPLY FIELDS\n')
        # These fields are present in every reply:
        f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % 'response_type')
        f.write(('The type of this reply, in this case \\fI%s\\fP. This field '
                 'is also present in the \\fIxcb_generic_reply_t\\fP and can '
                 'be used to tell replies apart from each other.\n') %
                 _n(self.reply.name).upper())
        f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % 'sequence')
        f.write('The sequence number of the last request processed by the X11 server.\n')
        f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % 'length')
        f.write('The length of the reply, in words (a word is 4 bytes).\n')
        for field in self.reply.fields:
            if (field.c_field_name in frozenset(['response_type', 'sequence', 'length']) or
                field.c_field_name.startswith('pad')):
                continue

            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
                continue
            elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():
                continue
            f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % (field.c_field_name))
            printed_enum = False
            if hasattr(field, "enum") and field.enum:
                # XXX: why the 'xcb' prefix?
                key = ('xcb', field.enum)
                if key in enums:
                    f.write('One of the following values:\n')
                    f.write('.RS 1i\n')
                    enum = enums[key]
                    count = len(enum.values)
                    for (enam, eval) in enum.values:
                        count = count - 1
                        f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % (_n(key + (enam,)).upper()))
                        if enum.doc and enam in enum.doc.fields:
                            desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', enum.doc.fields[enam])
                            f.write('%s\n' % desc)
                        else:
                            f.write('TODO: NOT YET DOCUMENTED.\n')
                    f.write('.RE\n')
                    f.write('.RS 1i\n')
                    printed_enum = True

            if hasattr(self.reply, "doc") and self.reply.doc and field.field_name in self.reply.doc.fields:
                desc = self.reply.doc.fields[field.field_name]
                desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', desc)
                if printed_enum:
                    f.write('\n')
                f.write('%s\n' % desc)
            else:
                f.write('TODO: NOT YET DOCUMENTED.\n')
            if printed_enum:
                f.write('.RE\n')



    # text description
    f.write('.SH DESCRIPTION\n')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and self.doc.description:
        desc = self.doc.description
        desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', desc)
        lines = desc.split('\n')
        f.write('\n'.join(lines) + '\n')

    f.write('.SH RETURN VALUE\n')
    if void:
        f.write(('Returns an \\fIxcb_void_cookie_t\\fP. Errors (if any) '
                 'have to be handled in the event loop.\n\nIf you want to '
                 'handle errors directly with \\fIxcb_request_check\\fP '
                 'instead, use \\fI%s_checked\\fP. See '
                 '\\fBxcb-requests(%s)\\fP for details.\n') % (base_func_name, section))
    else:
        f.write(('Returns an \\fI%s\\fP. Errors have to be handled when '
                 'calling the reply function \\fI%s\\fP.\n\nIf you want to '
                 'handle errors in the event loop instead, use '
                 '\\fI%s_unchecked\\fP. See \\fBxcb-requests(%s)\\fP for '
                 'details.\n') %
                (cookie_type, self.c_reply_name, base_func_name, section))
    f.write('.SH ERRORS\n')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc:
        for errtype, errtext in sorted(self.doc.errors.items()):
            f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % (_t(('xcb', errtype, 'error'))))
            errtext = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', errtext)
            f.write('%s\n' % (errtext))
    if not hasattr(self, "doc") or not self.doc or len(self.doc.errors) == 0:
        f.write('This request does never generate any errors.\n')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and self.doc.example:
        f.write('.SH EXAMPLE\n')
        f.write('.nf\n')
        f.write('.sp\n')
        lines = self.doc.example.split('\n')
        f.write('\n'.join(lines) + '\n')
        f.write('.fi\n')
    f.write('.SH SEE ALSO\n')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc:
        see = ['.BR %s (%s)' % ('xcb-requests', section)]
        if self.doc.example:
            see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % ('xcb-examples', section))
        for seename, seetype in sorted(self.doc.see.items()):
            if seetype == 'program':
                see.append('.BR %s (1)' % seename)
            elif seetype == 'event':
                see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % (_t(('xcb', seename, 'event')), section))
            elif seetype == 'request':
                see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % (_n(('xcb', seename)), section))
            elif seetype == 'function':
                see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % (seename, section))
            else:
                see.append('TODO: %s (type %s)' % (seename, seetype))
        f.write(',\n'.join(see) + '\n')
    f.write('.SH AUTHOR\n')
    f.write('Generated from %s.xml. Contact xcb@lists.freedesktop.org for corrections and improvements.\n' % _ns.header)
    f.close()

def _man_event(self, name):
    if manpaths:
        sys.stdout.write('man/%s.%s ' % (self.c_type, section))
    # Our CWD is src/, so this will end up in src/man/
    f = open('man/%s.%s' % (self.c_type, section), 'w')
    f.write('.TH %s %s  "%s" "%s" "XCB Events"\n' % (self.c_type, section, center_footer, left_footer))
    # Left-adjust instead of adjusting to both sides
    f.write('.ad l\n')
    f.write('.SH NAME\n')
    brief = self.doc.brief if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc else ''
    f.write('%s \\- %s\n' % (self.c_type, brief))
    f.write('.SH SYNOPSIS\n')
    # Don't split words (hyphenate)
    f.write('.hy 0\n')
    f.write('.B #include <xcb/%s.h>\n' % _ns.header)

    f.write('.PP\n')
    f.write('.SS Event datastructure\n')
    f.write('.nf\n')
    f.write('.sp\n')
    f.write('typedef %s %s {\n' % (self.c_container, self.c_type))
    struct_fields = []
    maxtypelen = 0

    for field in self.fields:
        if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch and not self.is_union:
            continue
        if field.wire:
            struct_fields.append(field)

    for field in struct_fields:
        length = len(field.c_field_type)
        # account for '*' pointer_spec
        if not field.type.fixed_size():
            length += 1
        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, length)

    def _c_complex_field(self, field, space=''):
        if (field.type.fixed_size() or
            # in case of switch with switch children, don't make the field a pointer
            # necessary for unserialize to work
            (self.is_switch and field.type.is_switch)):
            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))
            f.write('%s    %s%s \\fI%s\\fP%s;\n' % (space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript))
        else:
            print >> sys.stderr, 'ERROR: New unhandled documentation case'

    if not self.is_switch:
        for field in struct_fields:
            _c_complex_field(self, field)
    else:
        for b in self.bitcases:
            space = ''
            if b.type.has_name:
                space = '    '
            for field in b.type.fields:
                _c_complex_field(self, field, space)
            if b.type.has_name:
                print >> sys.stderr, 'ERROR: New unhandled documentation case'
                pass

    f.write('} \\fB%s\\fP;\n' % self.c_type)
    f.write('.fi\n')


    f.write('.br\n')
    # Re-enable hyphenation and adjusting to both sides
    f.write('.hy 1\n')

    # argument reference
    f.write('.SH EVENT FIELDS\n')
    f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % 'response_type')
    f.write(('The type of this event, in this case \\fI%s\\fP. This field is '
             'also present in the \\fIxcb_generic_event_t\\fP and can be used '
             'to tell events apart from each other.\n') % _n(name).upper())
    f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % 'sequence')
    f.write('The sequence number of the last request processed by the X11 server.\n')

    if not self.is_switch:
        for field in struct_fields:
            # Skip the fields which every event has, we already documented
            # them (see above).
            if field.c_field_name in ('response_type', 'sequence'):
                continue
            if isinstance(field.type, PadType):
                continue
            f.write('.IP \\fI%s\\fP 1i\n' % (field.c_field_name))
            if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and field.field_name in self.doc.fields:
                desc = self.doc.fields[field.field_name]
                desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', desc)
                f.write('%s\n' % desc)
            else:
                f.write('NOT YET DOCUMENTED.\n')

    # text description
    f.write('.SH DESCRIPTION\n')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and self.doc.description:
        desc = self.doc.description
        desc = re.sub(r'`([^`]+)`', r'\\fI\1\\fP', desc)
        lines = desc.split('\n')
        f.write('\n'.join(lines) + '\n')

    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc and self.doc.example:
        f.write('.SH EXAMPLE\n')
        f.write('.nf\n')
        f.write('.sp\n')
        lines = self.doc.example.split('\n')
        f.write('\n'.join(lines) + '\n')
        f.write('.fi\n')
    f.write('.SH SEE ALSO\n')
    if hasattr(self, "doc") and self.doc:
        see = ['.BR %s (%s)' % ('xcb_generic_event_t', section)]
        if self.doc.example:
            see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % ('xcb-examples', section))
        for seename, seetype in sorted(self.doc.see.items()):
            if seetype == 'program':
                see.append('.BR %s (1)' % seename)
            elif seetype == 'event':
                see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % (_t(('xcb', seename, 'event')), section))
            elif seetype == 'request':
                see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % (_n(('xcb', seename)), section))
            elif seetype == 'function':
                see.append('.BR %s (%s)' % (seename, section))
            else:
                see.append('TODO: %s (type %s)' % (seename, seetype))
        f.write(',\n'.join(see) + '\n')
    f.write('.SH AUTHOR\n')
    f.write('Generated from %s.xml. Contact xcb@lists.freedesktop.org for corrections and improvements.\n' % _ns.header)
    f.close()


def c_request(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles request declarations.
    '''
    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('request',))

    if self.reply:
        # Cookie type declaration
        _c_cookie(self, name)

    # Opcode define
    _c_opcode(name, self.opcode)

    # Request structure declaration
    _c_complex(self)

    if self.reply:
        _c_type_setup(self.reply, name, ('reply',))
        # Reply structure definition
        _c_complex(self.reply)
        # Request prototypes
        has_fds = _c_reply_has_fds(self.reply)
        _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True, False, has_fds)
        _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False, False, has_fds)
        if self.c_need_aux:
            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True, True, has_fds)
            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False, True, has_fds)
        # Reply accessors
        _c_accessors(self.reply, name + ('reply',), name)
        _c_reply(self, name)
        if has_fds:
            _c_reply_fds(self, name)
    else:
        # Request prototypes
        _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False)
        _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True)
        if self.c_need_aux:
            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False, True)
            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True, True)

    # We generate the manpage afterwards because _c_type_setup has been called.
    # TODO: what about aux helpers?
    cookie_type = self.c_cookie_type if self.reply else 'xcb_void_cookie_t'
    _man_request(self, name, cookie_type, not self.reply, False)

def c_event(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles event declarations.
    '''

    # The generic event structure xcb_ge_event_t has the full_sequence field
    # at the 32byte boundary. That's why we've to inject this field into GE
    # events while generating the structure for them. Otherwise we would read
    # garbage (the internal full_sequence) when accessing normal event fields
    # there.
    force_packed = False
    if hasattr(self, 'is_ge_event') and self.is_ge_event and self.name == name:
        event_size = 0
        for field in self.fields:
            if field.type.size != None and field.type.nmemb != None:
                event_size += field.type.size * field.type.nmemb
            if event_size == 32:
                full_sequence = Field(tcard32, tcard32.name, 'full_sequence', False, True, True)
                idx = self.fields.index(field)
                self.fields.insert(idx + 1, full_sequence)

                # If the event contains any 64-bit extended fields, they need
                # to remain aligned on a 64-bit boundary.  Adding full_sequence
                # would normally break that; force the struct to be packed.
                force_packed = any(f.type.size == 8 and f.type.is_simple for f in self.fields[(idx+1):])
                break

    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('event',))

    # Opcode define
    _c_opcode(name, self.opcodes[name])

    if self.name == name:
        # Structure definition
        _c_complex(self, force_packed)
    else:
        # Typedef
        _h('')
        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name + ('event',)), _t(name + ('event',)))

    _man_event(self, name)

def c_error(self, name):
    '''
    Exported function that handles error declarations.
    '''
    _c_type_setup(self, name, ('error',))

    # Opcode define
    _c_opcode(name, self.opcodes[name])

    if self.name == name:
        # Structure definition
        _c_complex(self)
    else:
        # Typedef
        _h('')
        _h('typedef %s %s;', _t(self.name + ('error',)), _t(name + ('error',)))


# Main routine starts here

# Must create an "output" dictionary before any xcbgen imports.
output = {'open'    : c_open,
          'close'   : c_close,
          'simple'  : c_simple,
          'enum'    : c_enum,
          'struct'  : c_struct,
          'union'   : c_union,
          'request' : c_request,
          'event'   : c_event,
          'error'   : c_error,
          }

# Boilerplate below this point

# Check for the argument that specifies path to the xcbgen python package.
try:
    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'c:l:s:p:m')
except getopt.GetoptError as err:
    print(err)
    print('Usage: c_client.py -c center_footer -l left_footer -s section [-p path] file.xml')
    sys.exit(1)

for (opt, arg) in opts:
    if opt == '-c':
        center_footer=arg
    if opt == '-l':
        left_footer=arg
    if opt == '-s':
        section=arg
    if opt == '-p':
        sys.path.insert(1, arg)
    elif opt == '-m':
        manpaths = True
        sys.stdout.write('man_MANS = ')

# Import the module class
try:
    from xcbgen.state import Module
    from xcbgen.xtypes import *
except ImportError:
    print('''
Failed to load the xcbgen Python package!
Make sure that xcb/proto installed it on your Python path.
If not, you will need to create a .pth file or define $PYTHONPATH
to extend the path.
Refer to the README file in xcb/proto for more info.
''')
    raise

# Ensure the man subdirectory exists
try:
    os.mkdir('man')
except OSError as e:
    if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
        raise

# Parse the xml header
module = Module(args[0], output)

# Build type-registry and resolve type dependencies
module.register()
module.resolve()

# Output the code
module.generate()