path: root/XI2proto.txt

                            The X Input Extension
                                Version 2.1

                              Peter Hutterer
                         peter.hutterer@redhat.com
                               Red Hat, Inc.

                               Daniel Stone
                           daniel@fooishbar.org
                              Collabora Ltd.



1. Introduction

The X Input Extension version 2.x (XI2) is the second major release of the X
Input Extension.

XI2 provides a number of enhancements over version 1.5, including:
- use of XGE and GenericEvents. GenericEvents are of flexible length with a
  minimum length of 32 bytes.
- explicit device hierarchy of master and slave devices. See Section 4.
- use of multiple independent master devices (Multi-Poiner X or MPX).
- the ability for devices to change capabilities at runtime.
- raw device events

XI2's intent is to replace both core input processing and prior versions of
the X Input Extension. Historically, the majority of applications employed the
core protocol requests and events to handle user input. The core protocol does
not provide information about which device generated the event. The X Input
Extension version up to 1.5 requires the differentiation between core and
extended devices. Extended devices may not be core devices and thus cannot be
used on applications employing the core protocol. XI2 addresses both of these
issues by enabling devices to be both extended and core devices and providing
device information in each event (with the exception of core events).

XI 2.1, a minor release, provides multitouch capability by adding touch events
(TouchBegin, TouchEnd and TouchMotion, as well as TouchClassInfo).  Touch
events provide a stream of pointer information for individual touchpoints,
and are delivered separately to existing pointer and keyboard events.  The
previous approach of providing separate devices was unsuitable for multitouch
devices which can have touchpoints rapidly appearing and disappearing, so
XI 2.1 adds multitouch classes within an umbrella device, which can send to
multiple clients.

XI 2.1 adds support for two classes of touch input devices:
- direct multitouch devices such as touchscreens, where touch actions map
  directly to points on the screen.  These devices allow all the same actions
  to be performed as a traditional pointer, from any touchpoint.
- indirect multitouch devices such as touchpads and mice with attached
  multitouch surfaces.  These devices provide a number of independent
  touchpoints whose inputs are interpreted relative to the current pointer
  position on that device, and usually offer a more limited set of actions,
  such as gestures.

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2. Notations used in this document

Notation for requests:
┌───
    Name of request
        name of request field:       type of request field
        name of request field:       type of request field
        ▶
        name of reply field:         type of reply field
└───

Notation for events:
┌───
    Name of event
        name of field:               type of field
        name of field:               type of field
└───

Complex fields are specified in the following notation:
          name of field:                  COMPLEXFIELDTYPE
or, if multiple of these fields exist:
          name of field:                  LISTofCOMPLEXFIELDTYPE

COMPLEXFIELDTYPE:  { name of subfield:   type of subfield,
                    name of subfield:   type of subfield }

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3. Interoperability between version 1.x and 2.x

There is little interaction between 1.x and 2.x versions of the X Input
Extension. Clients are requested to avoid mixing XI1.x and XI2 code as much as
possible. Several direct incompatibilities are observable:

3.1 Limitations resulting from different variable ranges

XI2 provides a larger range for some fields than XI1. As a result, XI1 clients
may not receive data an XI2 client receives.
These fields include:
- devices with a deviceid of greater than 127 are invisible to XI1 clients.
- key events and key grabs featuring larger than 255 can only be sent to XI2
  clients.
- no subpixel information is avialable to XI1 clients. If motion events are in
  a subpixel range only, the server may omit these events and an XI 1.x client
  will not receive events until the pixel boundary is crossed.


3.2 Blocking of grabs

XI1 grabs are different to XI2 grab and a device may not be grabbed through an
XI2 grab if an XI1 grab is currently active on this device or vice versa.
Likewise, a keycode or button already grabbed by an XI 1.x or XI2 client may
not be grabbed with the same modifier combination by an XI2 or XI 1.x client,
respectively.

3.3 Invisibility of Master Devices

XI 1.x was not designed with support for multiple master devices (see Section
4). As a result, only the first master pointer and master keyboard are visible
to XI 1.x clients, all other master devices are invisible and cannot be
accessed from XI 1.x calls.

3.4 Multitouch support

The XI 1.x model was not designed for multiple-interaction devices, such as
multitouch touchscreens/touchpads.  Creating and destroying new devices for
each touchpoint was deemed unsustainable: it is a fairly resource-intensive
operation, as well as being complicated and very difficult to get right for
clients.

XI 2.1 sends touch events via a new TouchClass, generating three new events:
TouchBegin, TouchMotion, and TouchEnd.  A TouchBegin event signifies a new
touchpoint; clients may grab TouchBegin events for exclusive delivery, and
optionally direct their later delivery (see the touch section in
XIAllowEvents).  Once a TouchBegin event has sent, all motion events from that
touch are directed to the final client which received TouchBegin, regardless
of any active core, XI 1.x, or XI 2.0 device grabs.  All parameters for the
touchpoint (e.g. tool ID, axis ranges and mode) can be found through a
combination of the touchpoint's TouchBegin event and the device's TouchClass.

Delivery is handled separately for each touchpoint: a device may have an
active core grab from client A, but also be delivering touch stream B to
client B and touch stream C to client C; all these occur simultaneously.
Touch events are still delivered through the device hierachy: if no event was
sent through the slave device, it will be routed up to the master for possible
delivery.

When a touchpoint is destroyed (i.e. the finger was lifted from the device), a
TouchEnd event is sent to the client, and that touchpoint no longer exists; no
operations may be performed on it.

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4. The Master/Slave device hierarchy

XI2 introduces a device hierarchy split up into so-called Master Devices (MD)
and Slave Devices (SD).

4.1 Master devices
An MD is a virtual device created and managed by the server. MDs may send core
events and XI events. However, an MD does not represent a physical device and
relies on SDs for event generation. MDs come in two forms: as master pointers
or as master keyboards. A master pointer is represented by a visible cursor on
the screen. A master keyboard is represented by a keyboard focus.

Each master pointer is paired with the respective master keyboard and vice
versa, and this pairing is constant for the lifetime of both input devices.
Clients can use this pairing behaviour to implement input paradigms that
require pointer and keyboard interation (e.g. SHIFT + Click).

4.2 Slave devices
An SD is usually a physical device configured in the server. SDs are not
represented by a cursor or keyboard focus and may be attached to a master
pointer or master keyboard. SDs can only be attached to any master of the same
type (e.g. a physical pointer device can be attached to any master pointer).

If an event is generated by an SD
- if the SD is attached to a master pointer, it changes the position and/or
  button state of the master pointer.
- if the SD is attached to a master keyboard, it sends events to this
  keyboard's focus window (if applicable) and/or changes the modifier state of
  this keyboard.
- if the SD is not attached to an MD ("floating"), it does not change 
  any master device. The SD has its own (invisible) sprite and its own focus.
  Both the sprite and the focus must be managed explicitly by the client
  program.

4.3 Event processing for attached slave devices

Whenever an SD changes its logical state,
- the event is delivered as an XI event to any interested clients. If the
  device is floating, event processing stops.
  Otherwise, if the device is attached,
- the master device changes its classes to reflect the SD's capabilities. All
  interested clients are notified of this device change.
- then, the event is delivered as an XI event from the MD to any interested
  clients. If the event has been delivered, event processing stops.
  Otherwise,
- the event is delivered as a core event to any interested clients.

Given that W is the event window, and P the parent window of W, event delivery
to P is only attempted if neither the XI event, nor the core event has been
delivered on W. Once an event has been delivered as either XI or core event,
event processing stops.

4.4. The ClientPointer principle

Many core protocol and some extension requests are ambiguous when multiple
master devices are available (e.g. QueryPointer does not specfy which pointer).
The X server does not have the knowledge to chose the contextually correct
master device. For each client, one master pointer is designated as this
clients's "ClientPointer". Whenever a client sends an ambiguous request (e.g.
QueryPointer), the ClientPointer or the keyboard paired with the ClientPointer
is chosen to provide the data for this request.

This ClientPointer may be explicitly assigned to a client with the
SetClientPointer call. If no ClientPointer is set when a client issues an
ambiguous request, the server choses one device as the ClientPointer. The
method of chosing a ClientPointer from the available master pointers is
implementation-specific.

If the master pointer currently set as ClientPointer for one or more clients is
removed, the server may either unset the ClientPointer setting or change the
ClientPointer to a different master pointer.

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5. Data types

BUTTONMASK
        A binary mask defined as (1 << button number).
        A SETofBUTTONMASK is a binary OR of zero or more BUTTONMASK.

DEVICE { DEVICEID, AllDevices, AllMasterDevices }
        A DEVICE specifies either a DEVICEID or AllDevices or
        AllMasterDevices.

DEVICEID { CARD16 }
        A DEVICEID is a numerical ID for a device currently available in the
        server. The server may re-use a device ID after a device's removal.
        The device IDs 0 and 1 are reserved.
        AllDevices ........ 0
        AllMasterDevices .. 1

DEVICEUSE { MasterPointer, MasterKeyboard, SlavePointer,
            SlaveKeyboard, FloatingSlave }
        A DEVICEUSE field specifies the current use of a device in the MD/SD
        device hierarchy. See Section 4 for more information.

EVENTMASK
        An EVENTMASK is a binary mask defined as (1 << event type).
        A SETofEVENTMASK is a binary OR of zero or more EVENTMASK.

FP1616
        Fixed point decimal in 16.16 format as one INT16 and one CARD16.
        The INT16 contains the integral part, the CARD32 the decimal fraction
        shifted by 16.

FP3232
        Fixed point decimal in 32.32 format as one INT32 and one CARD32.
        The INT32 contains the integral part, the CARD32 the decimal fraction
        shifted by 32.

VALUATORMASK
        A binary mask defined as (1 << valuator number).
        A SETofVALUATORMASK is a binary OR of zero or more VALUATORMASK.

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6. Errors

Errors are sent using core X error reports.

Device
        A value for a DEVICE argument does not specify a valid DEVICE.

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7. Requests:

The server does not guarantee that the length of a reply remains constant in
future revisions of XI2. A client must always retrieve the exact length of the
protocol reply from the connection, even if the reply is longer than defined
for the XI2 version supported by the client.
Additional bytes in a request may include data supported in later versions of
XI2. Clients should ignore this data. Padding bytes in XI2 protocol requests
are required to be 0.

7.1 Requests introduced in version 2.0

    ┌───
        XIQueryVersion
        major_version:          CARD16
        minor_version:          CARD16
        ▶
        major_version:          CARD16
        minor_version:          CARD16
    └───

    The client sends the highest supported version to the server and the
    server sends the highest version it supports, but no higher than the
    requested version. Major versions changes can introduce incompatibilities
    in existing functionality, minor version changes introduce only backward
    compatible changes.  It is the client's responsibility to ensure that the
    server supports a version which is compatible with its expectations.

    major_version
        Major XI2 version.
    minor_version
        Minor XI2 version.

    If major_version is less than 2, a BadValue error occurs.

    ┌───
        XIQueryDevice
        DEVICE                  deviceid
        ▶
        num_devices:            CARD16
        deviceinfo:             LISTofDEVICEINFO
    └───

    DEVICEINFO { deviceid:              DEVICEID
                 use:                   DEVICEUSE
                 attachment:            DEVICEID
                 enabled:               BOOL
                 num_classes:           CARD16
                 name_len:              CARD16
                 name:                  LISTofCHAR8
                 classes:               LISTofCLASS }

    CLASS { BUTTONCLASS, KEYCLASS, AXISCLASS }

    BUTTONCLASS { type:                 ButtonClass
                  length:               CARD16
                  sourceid:             CARD16
                  buttons_len:          CARD16
                  state:                SETofBUTTONMASK
                  labels:               LISTofATOM }

    KEYCLASS    { type:                 KeyClass
                  length:               CARD16
                  sourceid:             CARD16
                  num_keys:             CARD16
                  keys:                 LISTofCARD32 }

    AXISCLASS   { type:                 AxisClass
                  length:               CARD16
                  sourceid:             CARD16
                  axisnumber:           CARD16
                  label:                ATOM
                  min:                  FP3232
                  max:                  FP3232
                  value:                FP3232
                  resolution:           CARD32 }

    TOUCHCLASS* { type:                 TouchClass
                  length:               CARD16
                  sourceid:             CARD16
                  mode:                 CARD8
                  min_x:                FP3232
                  max_x:                FP3232
                  min_y:                FP3232
                  max_y:                FP3232
                  min_touch_width:      FP3232
                  max_touch_width:      FP3232
                  max_touches:          CARD32
                  num_touches:          CARD32
                  (unused):             CARD32
                  (unused):             CARD32
                  touches:              LISTofTOUCHINFO }

    TOUCHINFO*  { length:               CARD16
                  last_orientation:     CARD16
                  touchid:              CARD32
                  tool:                 CARD32
                  last_x:               FP3232
                  last_y:               FP3232
                  last_touch_major:     FP3232
                  last_touch_minor:     FP3232
                  last_tool_major:      FP3232
                  last_tool_minor:      FP3232 }

    *: since XI 2.1, must not be sent to 2.0 clients

    XIQueryDevice details information about the requested input devices.

    devices
        The device to list. If devices is AllDevices, all enabled and
        disabled devices are listed. If devices is AllMasterDevices, all
        enabled and disabled master devices are listed. If devices is a
        valid DEVICE, only this DEVICE is listed and num_devices is 1.
    num_devices
        The number of deviceinfos returned.

    Each deviceinfo is detailed as follows:
    deviceid
        The unique ID of the device. Device IDs may get re-used when a device
        is removed.
    use
        If the device is a master pointer, use is MasterPointer.
        If the device is a master keyboard, use is MasterKeyboard.
        If the device is a slave pointer, use is SlavePointer.
        If the device is a slave keyboard, use is SlaveKeyboard.
        If the device is a floating slave, use is FloatingSlave.
    attachment
        If the device is a master pointer or a master keyboard, attachment
        specifies the paired master keyboard, or the paired master pointer,
        respectively.  If the device is a non-floating slave device
        attachment specifies the master device this device is attached to.
        If the device is a floating slave, attachment is undefined.
    enabled
        Zero if the device is disabled, non-zero otherwise.
    num_classes
        Number of classes provided.
    name_len
        Length of the name in bytes not including padding.
    classes
        Details the available classes provided by the device in an undefined
        order.
    name
        The device's name. padded to a multiple of 4 bytes.

    For all classes, type specifies the device class. Clients are required
    to ignore unknown device classes. The length field specifies the length
    of the class in 4 byte units.
    The following classes may occur only once: ButtonClass, KeyClass

    ButtonClass:
    type
        Always ButtonClass.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    sourceid
        The device this class originates from.
    num_buttons
        Number of buttons provided by the device.
    labels
        List of Atoms specifying the label for each button. An Atom of None
        specifies an unlabeled button. Buttons are listed in the device-native
        order regardless of the current button mapping.
    state
        The current button mask for this device after button mapping is
        applied. Each bit representing a button is 1 if this button is
        logically down, or 0 otherwise. State is a multiple of 4-byte units
        and always contains at least num_buttons bits.

    KeyClass:
    type
        Always KeyClass.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    sourceid
        The device this class originates from.
    num_keys
        Number of keycodes provided by the device.
    keys
        List of keycodes provided.

    AxisClass:
    type
        Always AxisClass.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    sourceid
        The device this class originates from.
    axisnumber
        Axis number of this axis. The axis number is in device-native
        order and potential axis mappings are ignored.
    label
        Atom specifying the axis name. An Atom of None specifies an unlabeled
        axis.
    min
        Minimum value.
    max
        Minimum value.
    resolution
        Resolution in counts/meter.
    mode
        Relative or Absolute.
    value
        Last published axis value (if mode is absolute).

    An axis in Relative mode may specify min and max as a hint to the
    client. If no min and max information is available, both must be 0.

    TouchClass:
    type
        Always TouchClass.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    sourceid
        The device this class originates from.
    mode
        Specifies whether co-ordinates given are in absolute or relative
        space.
    min_x, max_x, min_y, max_y
        Range of the respective axes.
    min_touch_width, max_touch_width
        Range of the touch and tool width axes, both major and minor.
    max_touches
        The maximum number of touchpoints that may be active at one time, or 0
        if unlimited/unknown.
    num_touches
        The number of following TouchInfo structs (i.e. number of active
        touchpoints).

    TouchInfo:
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    touchid
        A unique identifier describing this touchpoint.
    tool
        The physical tool which provoked this touch.
    last_x, last_y, last_touch_major, last_touch_minor, last_tool_major,
    last_tool_minor, last_orientation
        Last reported values for the respective axes.

    For more information, please see the TouchBegin/TouchEnd section.


    ┌───
        XISelectEvents
            window:         Window
            num_masks:      CARD16
            masks:          LISTofEVENTMASK

    └───

    EVENTMASK { deviceid:          DEVICE,
                mask_len:          CARD16,
                mask:              SETofEVENTMASK

    window
        The window to select the events on.
    num_masks
        Number of items in masks.
    deviceid
        Numerical deviceid, or AllDevices, or AllMasterDevices.
    mask_len
        Length of mask in 4 byte units.
    mask
        Event mask. An event mask for an event type T is defined as (1 << T).

    XISelectEvents selects for XI2 events on window.

    If num_masks is 0, a BadValue error occurs.

    Each mask sets the (and overwrites a previous) event mask for the DEVICE
    specified through deviceid. The device AllDevices or
    AllMasterDevices is treated as a separate device by server. A client's
    event mask is the union of AllDevices, AllMasterDevices and the
    per-device event mask.
    The removal of device from the server unsets the event masks for the
    device. If an event mask is set for AllDevices or AllMasterDevices, the
    event mask is not cleared on device removal and affects all future
    devices.

    If mask_len is 0, the event mask for the given device is cleared.

    The mask for XIHierarchyEvents may only be selected for XIAllDevices.
    Setting it for any other device results in a BadValue error.

    ┌───
        XIGetSelectedEvents
            window:         Window
            ▶
            num_masks:      CARD16
            masks:          LISTofEVENTMASK
    └───

    window
        The window to select the events on.
    num_masks
        Number of items in masks.
    masks
        Selected event masks by this client.

    Masks are returned on a per-device basis, with masks for AllDevices and
    AllMasterDevices returned separately. A client can calculate the
    effective mask for a device with a bitwise OR of the AllDevices, the
    AllMasterDevices and the device-specific mask.

    If num_masks is 0, no events have been selected by this client on the
    given window.

    ┌───
        XIQueryPointer
            window:         Window
            deviceid:       DEVICEID
            ▶
            root:           Window
            child:          Window
            root_x:         FP1616
            root_y:         FP1616
            win_x:          FP1616
            win_y:          FP1616
            same_screen:    BOOL
            mods:           MODIFIERINFO
            group:          GROUPINFO
            buttons_len:    CARD16
            buttons:        SETofBUTTONMASK
    └───

    Query a master pointer device for its current position.

    root
        The root window the pointer is logically on.
    child
        The child window of window that contains the pointer or None.
    root_x
    root_y
        Pointer position relative to the root window's origin.
    win_x
    win_y
        Pointer position relative to window or 0 if same_screen is false.
    same_screen
        True if window is on the same screen as the pointer.
    mods
        XKB modifier state on the paired device.
    group
        XKB group state on the paired device.
    buttons_len
        The length of buttons in 4 byte units.
    buttons
        Button state.

    If the device is not a master pointer device or not a floating slave
    pointer, a BadDevice error results.

    ┌───
        XIWarpPointer
            src_win:         Window
            dst_win:         Window
            src_x:           FP1616
            src_y:           FP1616
            src_width:       INT16
            src_height:      INT16
            dst_x:           FP1616
            dst_y:           FP1616
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
    └───

    WarpPointer moves the pointer of deviceid as if the user had moved
    the pointer. WarpPointer can only be called for MasterPointer and
    FloatingSlave devices.

    src_win
       If src_window is not None, the move only takes place if src_window
       contains the pointer and the pointer is contained in the specified
       rectangle of src_window.
    dst_win
       If dst_win is None, this request moves the pointer by offsets
       dst_x/dst_y relative to the current position of the pointer. If
        dst_window is a window, this request moves the pointer to
       dst_x/dst_y relative to dst_win's origin.
    src_x
    src_y
    src_width
    src_height
       Specifies the source window rectangle.
    dst_x
    dst_y
        The relative coordinates to move the pointer if dst_win is None, or
        the absolute coordinates if dst_win is a window.
    deviceid
        The device to warp.

    This request cannot be used to move the pointer outside the confine-to
    window of an active pointer grab. An attempt will only move the pointer as
    far as the closest edge of the confine-to window.

    This request will generate events just as if the user had instantaneously
    moved the pointer.

    ┌───
        XIChangeCursor
            win:             Window
            cursor:          Cursor
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
    └───

    Change a master pointer's cursor on the specified window.

    window
        The window.
    cursor
        The new cursor or None.
    deviceid
        The master pointer device.

    Whenever device enters a window W, the cursor shape is selected in the
    following order:
    - if the current window has a device cursor C(d) defined for device,
      display this cursor C(d).
    - otherwise, if the current window has a cursor C(w) defined in the core
      protocol's window attributes, display cursor C(w).
    - repeat on parent window until a cursor has been found.

    The device cursor for a given window is reset once the window is destroyed
    or the device is removed, whichever comes earlier.

    If deviceid does not specify a master pointer, a BadDevice error
    is returned.

    ┌───
        XIChangeHierarchy
            num_changes:     CARD8
            changes:         LISTofHIERARCHYCHANGES
    └───

    HIERARCHYCHANGE { ADDMASTER, REMOVEMASTER, ATTACHSLAVE, DETACHSLAVE }

    HIERARCHYCHANGETYPE { AddMaster, RemoveMaster, AttachSlave, DetachSlave }

    CHANGEMODE { Float, Attach }

    ADDMASTER { type:        HIERARCHYCHANGETYPE
                length:      CARD16
                name_len:    CARD16
                send_core:   BOOL
                enable:      BOOL
                name:        LISTofCHAR8 }

    REMOVEMASTER { type:            HIERARCHYCHANGETYPE
                   length:          CARD16
                   deviceid:        DEVICEID
                   return_mode:     CHANGEMODE
                   return_pointer:  DEVICEID
                   return_keyboard: DEVICEID }

    ATTACHSLAVE   { type:        HIERARCHYCHANGETYPE
                    length:      CARD16
                    deviceid:    DEVICEID
                    master:      DEVICEID }

    DETACHSLAVE { type:       HIERARCHYCHANGETYPE
                  length:     CARD16
                  deviceid:   DEVICEID }

    XIChangeHierarchy allows a client to modify the MD/SD device
    hierarchy (see Section 4).

    num_changes
        The number of changes to apply to the current hierarchy.
    changes
        The list of changes.

    The server processes the changes in the order received from the client and
    applies each requested change immediately. If an error occurs, processing
    stops at the current change and returns the number of successfully applied
    changes in the error.

    ADDMASTER creates a pair of master devices.
    type
        Always AddMaster.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    name_len
        Length of name in bytes.
    send_core
        True if the device should send core events.
    enable
        True if the device is to be enabled immediately.
    name
        The name for the new master devices. The master pointer's name is
        automatically appended with " pointer", the master keyboard's name is
        automatically appended with " keyboard".

    REMOVEMASTER removes an existing master device.
    type
        Always RemoveMaster.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    deviceid
        The device to remove.
    return_mode
        Return mode for attached slave devices.
        If return_mode is Float, all slave devices are set to floating.
        If return_mode is Attach, slave pointers are attached to
        return_pointer and slave keyboards are attached to
        return_keyboard.
    return_pointer
    return_keyboard
        The master pointer and master keyboard to attach slave devices to, if
        return_mode is Attach. If return_mode is Float, return_pointer
        and return_keyboard are undefined.

    Removing a master pointer removes the paired master keyboard and vice
    versa.

    ATTACHSLAVE attaches a slave device to a given master device.
    type
        Always ChangeAttachment.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    deviceid
        Deviceid of the slave device.
    master
        The new master device to attach this slave device to.

    DETACHSLAVE detaches a slave device from its current master device.
    type
        Always ChangeAttachment.
    length
        Length in 4 byte units.
    deviceid
        Deviceid of the slave device.

    ┌───
        XISetClientPointer
            win:             Window
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
    └───

    Set the ClientPointer for the client owning win to the given device.

    win
         Window or client ID.
    deviceid
         The master pointer or master keyboard that acts as ClientPointer.

    Some protocol requests are ambiguous and the server has to choose a device
    to provide data for a request or a reply. By default, the server will
    choose a client's ClientPointer device to provide the data, unless the
    client currently has a grab on another device. See section 4.4 for more
    details.

    If win is None, the ClientPointer for this client is set to the given
    device. Otherwise, if win is a valid window, the ClientPointer for the
    client owning this window is set to the given device. Otherwise, if win is
    not a valid window but a client with the client mask equal to win exists,
    this client's ClientPointer is set to the given device.

    If deviceid does not specify a master pointer or master keyboard, a
    BadDevice error is returned.

    If window does not specify a valid window or client ID and is not None, a
    BadWindow error is returned.

    ┌───
        XIGetClientPointer
            win:             Window
            ▶
            set:             BOOL
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
    └───

    Query the ClientPointer for the client owning win.

    win
        The window or client ID.
    set
        True if the client has a ClientPointer set.
    deviceid
        The master pointer that acts as a ClientPointer if set is True.

    No difference is made between a ClientPointer set explicitly through
    XISetClientPointer and a ClientPointer implicitly assigned by the server
    in response to an ambiguous request.

    ┌───
        XISetFocus
            focus:           Window
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            time:            Time
    └───

    Set the focus for the given device to the given window. Future key events
    from this device are sent to this window.
    This request generates FocusIn and FocusOut events.

    focus
        A viewable window or None.
    deviceid
        The device to modify the focus window for.
    time
        Specifies the time to change the focus or CurrentTime.

    If focus is None, key events from this device are discarded until a new
    focus window is set. If focus is a viewable window, key events from this
    device are sent to this window. If the window becomes unviewable, the
    window's first viewable ancestor automatically becomes the focus window
    and FocusIn and FocusOut events are sent as if a client had changed the
    focus window.
    This is equivalent to RevertToParent in the core XSetInputFocus window.

    This request has no effect if the specified time is earlier than the
    current last-focus-change time or is later than the current X server time.
    Otherwise, the last-focus-change time is set to the specified time.

    ┌───
        XIGetFocus
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            ▶
            focus:           Window
    └───

    Return the current focus window for the given device.

    ┌───
        XIGrabDevice
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            grab_window:     Window
            owner_events:    BOOL
            grab_mode:       { Synchronous, Asynchronous }
            paired_device_mode: { Synchronous, Asynchronous }
            time:            TIMESTAMP or CurrentTime
            cursor:          Cursor
            mask_len:        CARD16
            masks:           SETofEVENTMASK
            ▶
            status:          Success, AlreadyGrabbed, Frozen, InvalidTime, NotViewable
    └───

    This request actively grabs control of the specified input device. Further
    input events (other than touch events) from this device are reported only to
    the grabbing client.  This request overides any previous active grab by this
    client for this device.

    deviceid
        The device to grab.
    grab_window
        Events are reported relative to the grab window.
    owner_events
        Specifies whether event will be reported normally or relative to the
        grab window.
    grab_mode
        Specifies if this device will be frozen as a result of the grab.
    paired_device_mode
        Specifies if the master device paired with this device will be frozen
        as a result of the grab.
    time
        A valid server time or CurrentTime.
    cursor
        The cursor to display for the duration of the grab or None.
    mask_len
        Length of mask in 4 byte units.
    mask
        Event mask. An event mask for an event type T is defined as (1 << T).
    status
        Success or the reason why the grab could not be established.

    The masks parameter specifies which events the client wishes to receive
    while the device is grabbed.

    If owner-events is False, input events generated from this device are
    reported with respect to grab-window, and are only reported if selected by
    being included in the event-list.  If owner-events is True, then if a
    generated event would normally be reported to this client, it is reported
    normally, otherwise the event is reported with respect to the grab-window,
    and is only reported if selected by being included in the event-list. For
    either value of owner-events, unreported events are discarded.

    If grab-mode is Asynchronous, device event processing continues normally.
    If the device is currently frozen by this client, then processing of
    device events is resumed. If grab-mode is Synchronous, the state of the
    grabbed device (as seen by means of the protocol) appears to freeze,
    and no further device events are generated by the server until the
    grabbing client issues a releasing XIAllowEvents request or until the
    device grab is released. Actual device input events are not lost while the
    device is frozen; they are simply queued for later processing.

    If the device is a slave device, the paired-device-mode is ignored.
    Otherwise, if this device is a master device and paired-device-mode is
    Asynchronous, event processing is unaffected by activation of the grab. If
    this device is a master device and paired-device-mode is Synchronous, the
    state of the master device paired with this device (as seen by means of the
    protocol) appears to freeze, and no further events are generated by the
    server until the grabbing client issues a releasing XIAllowEvents request
    or until the device grab is released. Actual events are not lost while the
    devices are frozen; they are simply queued for later processing.

    If the cursor is not None and the device is a master pointer device, the
    cursor will be displayed until the device is ungrabbed.

    This request fails and returns:
    AlreadyGrabbed: If the device is actively grabbed by some other client.
    NotViewable: If grab-window is not viewable.
    InvalidTime: If the specified time is earlier than the last-grab-time for
                 the specified device or later than the current X server time.
                 Otherwise, the last-grab-time for the specified device is set
                 to the specified time and CurrentTime is replaced by the
                 current X server time.
    Frozen: If the device is frozen by an active grab of another client.

    To release a grab of a device, use XIUngrabDevice.

    ┌───
        XIUngrabDevice
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            time:            TIMESTAMP or CurrentTime
    └───

    This request releases the device if this client has it actively grabbed
    (from either XIGrabDevice or  XIPassiveGrabDevice) and
    releases any queued events. If any devices were frozen by the grab,
    XIUngrabDevice thaws them.

    deviceid
        The device to grab.
    time
        A valid server time or CurrentTime.

    The request has no effect if the specified time is earlier than the
    last-device-grab time or is later than the current server time.
    This request generates FocusIn and FocusOut events.
    An XIUngrabDevice is performed automatically if the event window for an
    active device grab becomes not viewable.

    ┌───
        XIAllowEvents:
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            time:            TIMESTAMP or CurrentTime
            event_mode:      { AsyncDevice, SyncDevice,
                               AsyncPairedDevice, SyncPairedDevice,
                               ReplayDevice, AsyncPair, SyncPair,
                               AcceptTouch*, ReplayTouch* }
            detail*:         CARD32
        * since XI 2.1
    └───

    The XIAllowEvents request releases some queued events if the client
    has caused a device to freeze.

    deviceid
        The device to grab.
    time
        A valid server time or CurrentTime.
    event_mode
        Specifies whether a device is to be thawed and events are to be
        replayed.
    detail
        If applicable, provides an additional detail to match; interpretation
        depends on the event_mode.

    The request has no effect if the specified time is earlier than the
    last-grab time of the most recent active grab for the client, or if the
    specified time is later than the current X server time.

    The following describes the processing that occurs depending on what constant
    you pass to the event-mode argument:
    AsyncDevice:
        If the specified device is frozen by the client, event processing for that
        device continues as usual. If the device is frozen multiple times  by the
        client on behalf of multiple separate grabs, AsyncDevice thaws for
        all.
        AsyncDevice has no effect if the specified device is not frozen by the
        client, but the device need not be grabbed by the client.
    SyncDevice:
        If the specified device is frozen and actively grabbed by the client,
        event processing for that device continues normally until the next
        event is reported to the client. At this time, the specified device
        again appears to freeze. However, if the reported event causes the
        grab to be released, the specified device does not freeze.
        SyncDevice has no effect if the specified device is not frozen by the
        client or is not grabbed by the client.
     ReplayDevice:
        If the specified device is actively grabbed by the client and is frozen
        as the result of an event having been sent to the client (either from
        the activation of a XIGrabButton or from a previous XIAllowEvents with
        mode SyncDevice, but not from a Grab), the grab is released and
        that event is completely reprocessed.  This time, however, the request
        ignores any passive grabs at or above (towards the root) the
        grab-window of the grab just released.
        The request has no effect if the specified device is not grabbed by
        the client or if it is not frozen as the result of an event.
     AsyncPairedDevice
        If the paired master device is frozen by the client, event processing
        for it continues as usual. If the paired device is frozen multiple
        times by the client on behalf of multiple separate grabs,
        AsyncPairedDevice thaws for all.
        AsyncPairedDevice has no effect if the device is not frozen by the
        client, but those devices need not be grabbed by the client.
        AsyncPairedDevice has no effect if deviceid specifies a slave device.
     SyncPairedDevice
        If the paired master device is frozen by the client, event processing (for
        the paired master device) continues normally until the next button or key
        event is reported to the client for the grabbed device (button event for
        the grabbed device, key or motion event for the device), at which time
        the device again appears to freeze. However, if the reported event causes
        the grab to be released, then the device does not freeze.
        SyncPairedDevice has no effect if the specified device is not grabbed
        by the client or if it is no frozen as the result of an event.
        SyncPairedDevice has no effect if deviceid specifies a slave device.
     SyncPair
        If both the device and the paired master device are frozen by the
        client, event processing (for both devices) continues normally until
        the next XIButtonPress, XIButtonRelease, XIKeyPress, or XIKeyRelease
        event is reported to the client for a grabbed device (button event for
        a pointer, key event for a keyboard), at which time the devices again
        appear to freeze. However, if the reported event causes the grab to be
        released, then the devices do not freeze (but if the other device is
        still grabbed, then a subsequent event for it will still cause both
        devices to freeze).
        SyncPair has no effect unless both the device and the paired master
        device are frozen by the client. If the device or paired master device
        is frozen twice by the client on behalf of two separate grabs,
        SyncPair thaws for both (but a subsequent freeze for SyncPair will
        only freeze each device once).
        SyncPair has no effect if deviceid specifies a slave device.
     AsyncPair
        If the device and the paired master device are frozen by the client,
        event processing for both devices continues normally. If a device is
        frozen twice by the client on behalf of two separate grabs, AsyncBoth
        thaws for both. AsyncPair has no effect unless both the device and the
        paired master device frozen by the client.
        AsyncPair has no effect if deviceid specifies a slave device.
     AcceptTouch
        If the touchid specified by detail is frozen by the client, the touch
        is thawed and its event delivery continues to that client.  AcceptTouch
        has no effect if the specified touch is not frozen by the client.
     ReplayTouch
        If the touchid specified by detail is frozen by the client, the touch
        stream for that touchid is thawed, the grab is released and that event
        is completely reprocessed.  This time, however, the request ignores any
        passive grabs at or above (towards the root) the grab-window of the
        grab just released.
        The request has no effect if the specified touch is not grabbed by
        the client or if it is not frozen as the result of an event.

    ┌───
        XIPassiveGrabDevice
            deviceid:        DEVICE
            detail:          CARD32
            grab_type:       GRABTYPE
            grab_window:     Window
            cursor:          Cursor
            owner_events:    Bool
            grab_mode:       { Synchronous, Asynchronous }
            paired_device_mode: { Synchronous, Asynchronous }
            num_modifiers:   INT16
            mask_len:        CARD16
            masks:           SETofEVENTMASK
            modifiers:       CARD32 or GrabAnyModifier
            ▶
            num_modifiers_return:    INT16
            modifiers_return:        GRABMODIFIERINFO
    └───

        GRABTYPE         { GrabtypeButton, GrabtypeKeycode, GrabtypeEnter,
                           GrabtypeFocusIn, GrabtypeTouchBegin* }

        GRABMODIFIERINFO {   status:    Access
                             modifiers: CARD32 }

        *: since XI 2.1

        Establish an explicit passive grab for a button, keycode, or touch event
        on the specified input device.

        cursor
            The cursor to display for the duration of the grab. If grab_type
            is not GrabtypeButton, this argument is ignored.
        deviceid
            The device to establish the passive grab on or AllDevices or
            AllMasterDevices.
        detail
            The button number, or key symbol to grab for.
            Must be 0 for GrabtypeEnter and GrabtypeFocusIn.  For
            GrabTypeTouchBegin, this is taken to match the tool ID if non-zero.
        grab_type
            The type of grab to establish.
        grab_window
            Events are reported relative to the grab window.
        grab_mode
            If grab-mode is Asynchronous, device event processing continues
            normally.  If the device is currently frozen by this client, then
            processing of device events is resumed. If grab-mode is
            Synchronous, the state of the grabbed device (as seen by means of
            the protocol) appears to freeze, and no further device events are
            generated by the server until the grabbing client issues a
            releasing XIAllowEvents request or until the device grab is
            released. Actual device input events are not lost while the device
            is frozen; they are simply queued for later processing.
        mask_len
            Length of mask in 4 byte units.
        mask
            Event mask. An event mask for an event type T is defined as (1 << T).
        modifiers
            XKB modifier state to activate this passive grab.
        num_modifiers
            Number of elements in modifiers.
        owner_events
            Specifies whether event will be reported normally or relative to the
            grab window.
        num_modifiers_return
            Number of elements in modifiers_return
        modifiers_return
            XKB modifier state that could not be grabbed.

        If owner-events is False, input events generated from this device are
        reported with respect to grab-window, and are only reported if
        selected by being included in the event-list.  If owner-events is
        True, then if a generated event would normally be reported to this
        client, it is reported normally, otherwise the event is reported
        with respect to the grab-window, and is only reported if selected
        by being included in the event-list. For either value of
        owner-events, unreported events are discarded.

        If deviceid specifies a master pointer, the modifiers of the paired
        master keyboard are used. If deviceid specifies a slave pointer
        the modifiers of the master keyboard paired with the attached master
        pointers are used. If deviceid specifies a slave keyboard, the
        modifiers of the attached master keyboard are used. Note that
        activating a grab on a slave device detaches the device from its
        master. In this case, the modifiers after activation of the grab are
        from the slave device only and may be different to the modifier state
        when the grab was triggered.

        In the future, if grab_type is GrabtypeButton or GrabtypeKeyboard, the
        device is actively grabbed if:
        - the device is not grabbed, and
        - the specified modifier keys are down, and
        - the grab_type is GrabtypeButton and the button specified in detail
          is logically pressed or the grab_type is GrabtypeKeycode and the
          keycode specified in detail is logically pressed, and
        - the grab_window contains the pointer, and
        - a passive grab on the same button/keycode + modifier
          combination does not exist on an ancestor of grab_window.

        Otherwise, if grab_type is GrabtypeEnter or GrabtypeFocusIn, the
        device is actively grabbed if:
        - the device is not actively grabbed, and
        - the specified modifier keys are down, and
        - the grab_type is GrabtypeEnter and the device's pointer has moved
          into grab_window or a descendant of grab_window, or the grab_type is
          GrabtypeFocusIn and the device's focus has been set to the
          grab_window or a descendant of grab_window,
        - a passive grab of the same grab_type + modifier combination does not
          does not exist on an ancestor of grab_window.

        Or if grab_type is GrabTypeTouchBegin, a stream of touch events
        (TouchBegin, all subsequent TouchMotion events, and TouchEnd) is
        grabbed for exclusive delivery to that client if:
        - the specified modifier keys are down, and
        - if detail is non-zero, tool matches the detail, and
        - the touch's focus (which may be either from the touch co-ordinates
          themselves, or from the device's sprite) is currently within
          grab_window or a descendant of grab_window, and
        - a passive grab of the same grab_type + detail + modifier combination
          does not exist on an ancestor of grab_window.

        A modifier of GrabAnyModifier is equivalent to issuing the request for
        all possible modifier combinations (including no modifiers). A client
        may request a grab for GrabAnyModifier and explicit modifier
        combinations in the same request.

        A GrabtypeButton or GrabtypeKeyboard grab is released when all buttons
        or keycode are released, independent of the state of modifier keys.
        A GrabtypeEnter or GrabtypeFocusIn grab is released when the
        pointer or focus leaves the window and all of its descendants,
        independent of the state of modifier keys.
        A GrabtypeTouchBegin grab is released when the touch is ended, as
        signified by a TouchEnd event.
        Note that the logical state of a device (as seen by means of the
        protocol) may lag the physical state if device event processing is
        frozen.

        This request overrides all previous passive grabs by the same
        client on the same button/key/enter/focus in + modifier combinations
        on the same window.

        If some other client already has issued a XIPassiveGrabDevice request
        with the same button or keycode and modifier combination, the
        failed modifier combinations is returned in modifiers_return. If some
        other client already has issued an XIPassiveGrabDevice request of
        grab_type XIGrabtypeEnter or XIGrabtypeFocusIn with the same
        grab_window and the same modifier combination, the failed modifier
        combinations are returned in modifiers_return. If num_modifiers_return
        is zero, all passive grabs have been successful.

        If a button grab or enter grab activates, EnterNotify and LeaveNotify
        events with mode Grab are generated as if the pointer were to suddenly
        warp from its current position some position in the grab_window.
        However, the pointer does not warp, and the pointer position is used
        as both the initial and final positions for the events.

        If a keycode grab or focus grab activates, FocusIn and FocusOut events
        with mode Grab are generated as if the focus were to change from the
        current window to the grab_window.

        If an enter or focus in grab activates, additional EnterNotify events
        with mode XIPassiveGrabNotify are generated as if the pointer or focus
        were to suddenly warp from its current position to some position in
        the grab window.  These events are sent to the grabbing client only
        and only if the grab event mask has selected for it. If such a passive
        grab deactivates, addional LeaveNotify events with mode
        XIPassiveUngrabNotify are generated and sent to the grabbing client
        before the grab deactivates.

        If a touch grab activates, the TouchBegin event is first sent to that
        client.  If the grab_mode is Synchronous, that touch stream will freeze,
        but all other device events will be completely unaffected.  Clients
        with synchronous grabs may use AllowEvents to either unfreeze the touch
        stream, or replay it to another client.

    ┌───
        XIPassiveUngrabDevice
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            detail:          CARD32
            grab_type:       GRABTYPE
            grab_window:     Window
            num_modifiers:   INT16
            modifiers:       MODIFIERINFO
    └───

        Release an explicit passive grab on the specified input device.

        deviceid
            The device to establish the passive grab on.
        detail
            The button number, key symbol, or tool ID to ungrab.
            Must be 0 for GrabtypeEnter and GrabtypeFocusIn.
        grab_type
            The type of grab to establish.
        grab_window
            Events are reported relative to the grab window.
        modifiers
            XKB modifier state to activate this passive grab.
        num_modifiers
            Number of elements in modifiers.

        This request has no effect if the client does not have a passive grab
        of the same type, same button/keycode/tool (if applicable) and modifier
        combination on the grab_window.

    ┌───
        XIListProperties
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            ▶
            num_properties:  INT16
            properties:      LISTofATOM
    └───

        List the properties associated with the given device.

        deviceid
            The device to list the properties for.
        num_atoms
            Number of atoms in the reply
        atoms
            All properties on the device.

    ┌───
        XIChangeProperty
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            property:        ATOM
            type:            ATOM
            format:          { 8, 16, 32 }
            mode:            { Append, Prepend, Replace }
            num_items:       CARD32
            data:            LISTofINT8, or LISTofINT16, or LISTofINT32
    └───

        Change the given property on the given device.

        deviceid
            The device to change the property on.
        property
            The property to modify.
        type
            The property's type.
        mode
            One of Append, Prepend, or Replace
        num_items
            Number of items following this request.
        data
            Property data (nitems * format/8 bytes)

        The type is uninterpreted by the server. The format specifies whether
        the data should be viewed as a list of 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit
        quantities so that the server can correctly byte-swap as necessary.

        If the mode is Replace, the previous propert y value is discarded.  If
        the mode is Prepend or Append, then the type and format must match the
        existing property value (or a Match error results). If the property is
        undefined, it is treated as defined with the correct type and format
        with zero-length data. For Prepend, the data is tacked on to the
        beginning of the existing data, and for Append, it is tacked on to the
        end of the existing data.

        The lifetime of a property is not tied to the storing client. Properties
        remain until explicitly deleted, until the device is removed, or
        until server reset.

        A property cannot be deleted by setting nitems to zero. To delete a
        property, use XIDeleteProperty.

        This request generates an XIPropertyEvent.

    ┌───
        XIDeleteProperty
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            property:        ATOM
    └───

        Deletes the given property on the given device.

        deviceid
            The device to delete the property on.
        property
            The property to delete.

        If the property is deleted, an XIPropertyEvent is generated on the device.
        If the property does not exist, this request does nothing.

    ┌───
        XIGetProperty
            deviceid:        DEVICEID
            property:        ATOM
            type:            Atom or AnyPropertyType
            offset:          CARD32
            len:             CARD32
            delete:          BOOL
            ▶
            type:            Atom
            bytes_after:     CARD32
            num_items:       CARD32
            format:          { 8, 16, 32 }
            data:            LISTofINT8, or LISTofINT16, or LISTofINT32
    └───
        
        Get the data for the given property on the given device.

        deviceid
            The device to retrieve the property data from.
        property
            The property to retrieve the data from..
        type
            The property type to retrieve or AnyPropertyType
        offset
            The offset in 4-byte units.
        len
            Number of bytes to receive in 4-byte units.
        delete
            Delete the property after retrieving the data.
        bytes_after
            Number of unread bytes in the stored property
        num_items
            Number of items in data
        format
            8, 16, or 32
        data
            Property data (nitems * format/8 bytes)

        If the specified property does not exist for the specified device, then
        the return type is None, the format and bytes-after are zero, and the value is
        empty. The delete argument is ignored in this case. If the specified property
        exists but its type does not match the specified type, then the return
        type is the actual type of the property, the format is the actual format of the
        property (never zero), the bytes-after is the length of the property in bytes
        (even if the format is 16 or 32), and the value is empty. The delete
        argument is ignored in this case. If the specified property exists and
        either AnyPropertyType is specified or the specified type matches the actual
        type of the property, then the return type is the actual type of the property,
        the format is the actual format of the property
        (never zero), and the bytes-after and value are as follows, given:
                 N = actual length of the stored property in bytes
                    (even if the format is 16 or 32)
                 I = 4 * long-offset
                 T = N−I
                 L = MINIMUM(T, 4 * long-length)
                 A = N − (I + L)
        The returned value starts at byte index I in the property (indexing
        from 0), and its length in bytes is L. However, it is a Value error if
        offset is given such that L is negative. The value of bytes_after is A,
        giving the number of trailing unread bytes in the stored property. If
        delete is True and the bytes_after is zero, the property is also
        deleted from the device, and a XIPropertyNotify event is generated on
        the device.  
     

8. Events:

An event specifies its length in 4-byte units after the initial 32 bytes.
Future versions of the protocol may provide additional information
in the same event, thus increasing the event size. Clients are required to
always read the number of bytes specified by the event, not the size of the
event they may have been compiled against.


The following event types are available in XI2.

Version 2.0:
        HierarchyChanged
        DeviceChanged
        KeyPress
        KeyRelease
        ButtonPress
        ButtonRelease
        Motion
        RawKeyPress
        RawKeyRelease
        RawButtonPress
        RawButtonRelease
        RawMotion
        Enter
        Leave
        FocusIn
        FocusOut
        PropertyEvent
Version 2.1:
        TouchBegin
        TouchEnd
        TouchMotion

All events have a set of common fields specified as EVENTHEADER.


EVENTHEADER { type:                       BYTE
              extension:                  BYTE
              sequenceNumber:             CARD16
              length:                     CARD32
              evtype:                     CARD16
              deviceid:                   DEVICEID
              time:                       Time }

    type
        Always GenericEvent.
    extension
        Always the X Input extension offset.
    sequenceNumber
        Sequence number of last request processed by the server.
    length
        Length in 4-byte units after the initial 32 bytes.
    evtype
        XI-specific event type.
    deviceid
        Numerical device id for a device.
    time
        Time in ms.


    ┌───
        HierarchyEvent:
            EVENTHEADER
            flags:                      SETofHIERARCHYMASK
            num_info:                   CARD16
            info:                       LISTofHIERARCHYINFO
    └───


    HIERARCHYMASK { MasterAdded, MasterRemoved, SlaveAttached, SlaveDetached,
                    SlaveAdded, SlaveRemoved, DeviceEnabled, DeviceDisabled }

    HIERARCHYINFO { deviceid:           DEVICEID,
                    attachment:         DEVICEID,
                    type:               DEVICEUSE
                    enabled:            BOOL
                    flags:              SETofHIERARCHYMASK}

    flags
        Set of the changes that have occured, causing this event.
    num_info
        The number of device info structs following the request.
    info:
        The current hierarchy information.

    An XIHierarchyEvent is sent whenever the device hierarchy been
    changed. The flags specify all types of hierarchy modifiations that have
    occured.
    For all devices, info details the hierarchy information after the
    modification of the hierarchy has occured. For each device specified with
    deviceid:
    - if type is MasterPointer or MasterKeyboard, attachment decribes the
      pairing of this device.
    - if type is SlavePointer or SlaveKeyboard, attachment describes the
      master device this device is attached to.
    - if type is FloatingSlave device, attachment is undefined.

    enabled
         True if the device is enabled and can send events. A disabled master
         device will not forward events from an attached, enabled slave
         device.

    Note: Multiple devices may be affected in one hierarchy change,
    deviceid in an XIHierarchyEvent is always the first affected
    device. Clients should ignore deviceid and instead use the devices list.

    ┌───
        DeviceChangedEvent:
            EVENTHEADER
            reason:                CHANGEREASON
            source:                DEVICEID
            num_classes:           CARD16
            classes:               LISTofCLASS
    └───

    CHANGEREASON { SlaveSwitch, DeviceChange }

    A DeviceChangeEvent is sent whenever a device changes it's capabilities.
    This can happen either by a new slave device sending events through a
    master device, or by a physical device changing capabilities at runtime.

    reason
        The reason for generating this event.
        If reason is SlaveSwitch, the slave device sending events through
        this device has changed and source specifies the new slave device.
        A SlaveSwitch reason can only occur on a master device.
        If reason is DeviceChange, the device itself has changed through
        other means (e.g. a physical device change) and source is
        the device itself.
    source
        The source of the new classes.
    num_classes
        Number of classes provided.
    classes
        Details the available classes provided by the device.  The order the
        classes are provided in is undefined.

    For a detailed description of classes, see the XQueryDevice request.

    ┌───
        DeviceEvent:
            EVENTHEADER
            detail:                     CARD32
            root:                       Window
            event:                      Window
            child:                      Window
            root_x:                     FP1616
            root_y:                     FP1616
            event_x:                    FP1616
            event_y:                    FP1616
            buttons_len:                CARD16
            valuators_len:              CARD16
            sourceid:                   DEVICEID
            mods:                       MODIFIERINFO
            group:                      GROUPINFO
            flags:                      DEVICEEEVENTFLAGS
            buttons:                    SETofBUTTONMASK
            valuators:                  SETofVALUATORMASK
            axisvalues:                 LISTofFP3232
    └───

    BUTTONBIT { (1 << Button1), (1 << Button2), ... , (1 << ButtonN) }
    VALUATORBIT { (1 << 1), ( 1 << 2), ... ( 1 << n) }

    MODIFIERINFO  { base_mods:           CARD32,
                    latched_mods:        CARD32,
                    locked_mods:         CARD32,
                    effective_mods:      CARD32}
    GROUPINFO     { base_group:          CARD8,
                    latched_group:       CARD8,
                    locked_group:        CARD8,
                    effective_group:     CARD8}

    DEVICEEVENTFLAGS (all events): none
    DEVICEEVENTFLAGS (key events only): { KeyRepeat }
    DEVICEEVENTFLAGS (pointer events only): none

    An XIDeviceEvent is generated whenever the logical state of a device
    changes in response to a button press, a button release, a motion, a key
    press or a key release. The event type may be one of KeyPress,
    KeyRelease, ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, Motion.

    detail
        The button number or key code, or 0.
    root
    event
    child
        The root window, event window or subwindow, respectively. See core
        protocol specification for more detail.
    root_x
    root_y
        The position of the pointer in screen coordinates (16.16 fixed point).
    event_x
    event_y
        The position of the pointer in screen coordinates relative to the
        event window (16.16 fixed point).

    buttons_len
        The length of buttons in 4 byte units.
    valuators_len
        The length of valuators in 4 byte units.
    sourceid
        The source device that originally generated the event.
    mods
        XKB modifier state before the event occured.
    group
        XKB group state before the event.
    buttons
        Button state before the event.
    valuators
        Bitmask of valuators provided in axisvalues.
    axisvalues
        Valuator data in device-native resolution.
    flags
        Miscellaneous information about this event; the union of the
        common flag set and either the key or pointer flag set,
        depending on the event type.
        KeyRepeat means that this event is for repeating purposes, and
        the physical state of the key has not changed.  This is only
        valid for KeyPress events.

    Modifier state in mods is detailed as follows:
    base_mods
        XKB base modifier state.
    latched_mods
        XKB latched modifier state.
    locked_mods
        XKB locked modifier state.

    Group state in group is detailed as follows:
    base_group
        XKB base group state.
    latched_group
        XKB latched group state.
    locked_group
        XKB locked group state.

    ┌───
        RawEvent
            EVENTHEADER
            detail:                    CARD32
            flags:                     DEVICEEVENTFLAGS
            valuators_len:             CARD16
            valuators:                 SETofVALUATORMASK
            axisvalues:                LISTofFP3232
            axisvalues_raw:            LISTofFP3232
    └───

    A RawEvent provides the information provided by the driver to the
    client. RawEvent provides both the raw data as supplied by the driver and
    transformed data as used in the server. Transformations include, but are
    not limited to, axis clipping and acceleration.
    Transformed valuator data may be equivalent to raw data. In this case,
    both raw and transformed valuator data is provided.
    RawEvents are sent exclusively to all root windows or to the client
    that grabbed the device only.

    eventtype
        The type of event that occured on the device.
    detail
        The button number or keycode.
    flags
        Flags as described in DeviceEvent.
    valuators_len
        The length of valuators in 4 byte units.
    valuators
        Bitmask of valuators provided in axisvalues and axisvalues_raw.
    axisvalues
        Valuator data in device-native resolution.
    axisvalues_raw
        Untransformed valuator data in device-native resolution.

    ┌───
        Enter or Leave or FocusIn or FocusOut
            EVENTHEADER
            root:               Window
            event:              Window
            child:              Window
            sourceid:           DEVICEID
            root_x:             FP1616
            root_y:             FP1616
            event_x             FP1616
            event_y:            FP1616
            mode:               NOTIFYMODE
            detail:             NOTIFYDETAIL
            same_screen:        BOOL
            focus:              BOOL
            mods:               MODIFIERINFO
            group:              GROUPINFO
            buttons_len:        CARD16
            buttons:            SETofBUTTONMASK
    └───

    NOTIFYMODE { Normal, Grab, Ungrab }
    NOTIFYDETAIL { Ancestor, Virtual, Inferior, Nonlinear, NonlinearVirtual,
                   Pointer, PointerRoot, None }

    Enter or Leave events are sent whenever a device's pointer enters or
    leaves a window.
    FocusIn or FocusOut events are sent whenever a device's focus is set to or
    away from a window.
    The enter/leave and focus in/out model is described in the core protocol
    specification, Section 11. (EnterNotify, LeaveNotify events).

    For enter and leave events, the modifier and group state is the state of
    the paired master device if the device is a master device, or the state of
    the attached master keyboard if the device is an attached slave device, or
    zero if the device is a floating slave device.

    For focus in and out events, the button state is the state of the paired
    master device if the device is a master device, or the state of the
    attached master keyboard if the device is an attached slave device, or
    zero if the device is a floating slave device.

    root
    event
    child
        The root window, event window, and child window, respectively. See the
        core protocol specification for more detail.
    sourceid
        The device that caused the pointer to move.
    root_x
    root_y
        The pointer coordinates relative to the root window.
    event_x
    event_y
        The pointer coordinates relative to the event window.
    mode
        Normal pointer motion events have mode Normal. Pseudo-motion events
        when a grab activates have mode Grab, and pseudo-motion events when a
        grab deactivates have mode Ungrab. Pseudo-motion events caused by the
        activation or deactivation of a passive enter or focus in grab have mode
        XIPassiveGrabNotify or XIPassiveUngrabNotify.
    detail
        Specifies the relation of the event window to the window the pointer
        entered or left. See the core protocol spec for details.
    same_screen
        True if the event window is on the same screen as the pointer's root
        window.
    focus
        If the event window is the focus window or an inferior of the focus
        window, then focus is True. Otherwise, focus is False. This field is
        unspecified for focus in/out events.
    mods
        XKB modifier state before the event occured.
    group
        XKB group state before the event.
    buttons_len
        The length of buttons in 4 byte units.
    buttons
        Button state before the event.

    ┌───
        XIPropertyEvent
            EVENTHEADER
            property:           ATOM
            what:               { PropertyCreated, PropertyDeleted, PropertyModified }
    └───

    XIPropertyEvents are sent whenever a device property is created, deleted or
    modified by a client.

    property
        The property that has been created, deleted, or modified
    what
        Specifies what has been changed.
     
    ┌───
        TouchBegin or TouchEnd
            EVENTHEADER
            sourceid:           DEVICEID
            root:               Window
            event:              Window
            child:              Window
            touchid:            CARD32
            tool:               CARD32
    └───

    TouchBegin and TouchEnd events are sent whenever a tool or finger comes
    into or out of physical proximity from a touch device, either beginning
    or ending a touch sequence, respectively.

    Once a TouchBegin event has been sent to a client (and that delivery did
    not cause the touch stream to freeze -- see XIPassiveGrabDevice), all
    subsequent events generated by that touch will be sent to that client,
    even if it crosses window or screen boundaries.  This is similar to the
    implicit passive grab provoked by a ButtonPress event.  If a TouchBegin
    event is not delivered to any client, the subsequent TouchMotion and
    TouchEnd events will be discarded.

    Once a TouchEnd event has been sent, the touchpoint no longer exists and
    cannot be used or referred to.  Note, however, that the touch ID may
    subsequently be reused.

    Capabilities for this touchpoint are given in the source device's
    TouchClass (see XIQueryDevice).

    sourceid
        The physical device that provoked this event.
    root
        The root window of the window this event was delivered to.
    event
        The window this event was delivered to.
    child
        The window the event was generated in.
    touchid
        A unique identifier describing this touch; may be reused after
        a TouchEnd event has been sent.  Has no meaning in and of itself;
        see 'tool'.
    tool
        An Atom describing the physical entity provoking this touch
        (e.g. pen, eraser, finger 3); the meaning is implementation-defined.


    ┌───
        TouchMotion
            EVENTHEADER
            sourceid:           DEVICEID
            mask:               CARD16
            root:               Window
            event:              Window
            child:              Window
            touchid:            CARD32
            root_x:             FP1616
            root_y:             FP1616
            event_y:            FP1616
            event_y:            FP1616
            x:                  FP3232
            y:                  FP3232
            touch_width_major:  FP3232
            touch_width_minor:  FP3232
            touch_width_major:  FP3232
            touch_width_minor:  FP3232
            orientation:        CARD16
            flags:              CARD16
    └───

    TouchMotion events are sent whenever a touchpoint moves, in between
    TouchBegin and TouchEnd events for the specified touchid.

    sourceid
        The physical device that provoked this event.
    mask
        A bitmask of the fields present in this event.  Fields which are not
        marked as present must be ignored.
        bit 0 (XITouchXMask): x, root_x, event_x
        bit 1 (XITouchYMask): y, root_y, event_y
        bit 2 (XITouchTouchWidthMask): touch_width_major, touch_width_minor
        bit 3 (XITouchToolWidthMask): tool_width_major, tool_width_minor
        bit 4 (XITouchOrientationMask): orientation
    root
        The root window of the window this event was delivered to.
    event
        The window this event was delivered to.
    child
        The window the event was generated in.
    touchid
        A unique identifier describing this touch.
    root_x, root_y
        Origin of this touchpoint in screen co-ordinate space.
    event_x, event_y
        Origin of this touchpoint in screen co-ordinate space.
    x, y
        Untranslated co-ordinates for this touchpoint.
    touch_width_major, touch_width_minor
        Size of the physical contact area along axes of an ellipse.
    tool_width_major, tool_width_minor
        Size of the proximate tool along axes of an ellipse.
    orientation
        Orientation in degrees (0-360°) of the contact area
        relative to the y axis.
    flags
        Bitmask of miscellaneous information about this event; no members
        currently defined.


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