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2023-10-18shmem: shrink shmem_inode_info: dir_offsets in a unionHugh Dickins1-6/+10
Patch series "shmem,tmpfs: general maintenance". Mostly just cosmetic mods in mm/shmem.c, but the last two enforcing the "size=" limit better. 8/8 goes into percpu counter territory, and could stand alone. This patch (of 8): Shave 32 bytes off (the 64-bit) shmem_inode_info. There was a 4-byte pahole after stop_eviction, better filled by fsflags. And the 24-byte dir_offsets can only be used by directories, whereas shrinklist and swaplist only by shmem_mapping() inodes (regular files or long symlinks): so put those into a union. No change in mm/shmem.c is required for this. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/c7441dc6-f3bb-dd60-c670-9f5cbd9f266@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/86ebb4b-c571-b9e8-27f5-cb82ec50357e@google.com Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cem@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-08-09tmpfs: track free_ispace instead of free_inodesHugh Dickins1-1/+1
In preparation for assigning some inode space to extended attributes, keep track of free_ispace instead of number of free_inodes: as if one tmpfs inode (and accompanying dentry) occupies very approximately 1KiB. Unsigned long is large enough for free_ispace, on 64-bit and on 32-bit: but take care to enforce the maximum. And fix the nr_blocks maximum on 32-bit: S64_MAX would be too big for it there, so say LONG_MAX instead. Delete the incorrect limited<->unlimited blocks/inodes comment above shmem_reconfigure(): leave it to the error messages below to describe. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com> Message-Id: <4fe1739-d9e7-8dfd-5bce-12e7339711da@google.com> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2023-08-09shmem: stable directory offsetsChuck Lever1-0/+1
The current cursor-based directory offset mechanism doesn't work when a tmpfs filesystem is exported via NFS. This is because NFS clients do not open directories. Each server-side READDIR operation has to open the directory, read it, then close it. The cursor state for that directory, being associated strictly with the opened struct file, is thus discarded after each NFS READDIR operation. Directory offsets are cached not only by NFS clients, but also by user space libraries on those clients. Essentially there is no way to invalidate those caches when directory offsets have changed on an NFS server after the offset-to-dentry mapping changes. Thus the whole application stack depends on unchanging directory offsets. The solution we've come up with is to make the directory offset for each file in a tmpfs filesystem stable for the life of the directory entry it represents. shmem_readdir() and shmem_dir_llseek() now use an xarray to map each directory offset (an loff_t integer) to the memory address of a struct dentry. Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Message-Id: <168814734331.530310.3911190551060453102.stgit@manet.1015granger.net> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2023-08-09shmem: Add default quota limit mount optionsLukas Czerner1-0/+8
Allow system administrator to set default global quota limits at tmpfs mount time. Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Message-Id: <20230725144510.253763-7-cem@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2023-08-09shmem: quota supportCarlos Maiolino1-0/+8
Now the basic infra-structure is in place, enable quota support for tmpfs. This offers user and group quotas to tmpfs (project quotas will be added later). Also, as other filesystems, the tmpfs quota is not supported within user namespaces yet, so idmapping is not translated. Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Message-Id: <20230725144510.253763-6-cem@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2023-08-09shmem: prepare shmem quota infrastructureCarlos Maiolino1-0/+12
Add new shmem quota format, its quota_format_ops together with dquot_operations Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Message-Id: <20230725144510.253763-5-cem@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2023-04-18userfaultfd: convert mfill_atomic() to use a folioZhangPeng1-2/+2
Convert mfill_atomic_pte_copy(), shmem_mfill_atomic_pte() and mfill_atomic_pte() to take in a folio pointer. Convert mfill_atomic() to use a folio. Convert page_kaddr to kaddr in mfill_atomic(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230410133932.32288-7-zhangpeng362@huawei.com Signed-off-by: ZhangPeng <zhangpeng362@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong@huawei.com> Cc: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com> Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-04-18smaps: fix defined but not used smaps_shmem_walk_opsSteven Price1-0/+7
When !CONFIG_SHMEM smaps_shmem_walk_ops is defined but not used, triggering a compiler warning. To avoid the warning remove the #ifdef around the usage. This has no effect because shmem_mapping() is a stub returning false when !CONFIG_SHMEM so the code will be compiled out, however we now need to also provide a stub for shmem_swap_usage(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230405103819.151246-1-steven.price@arm.com Fixes: 7b86ac3371b7 ("pagewalk: separate function pointers from iterator data") Signed-off-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202304031749.UiyJpxzF-lkp@intel.com/ Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-04-05mm: userfaultfd: combine 'mode' and 'wp_copy' argumentsAxel Rasmussen1-2/+3
Many userfaultfd ioctl functions take both a 'mode' and a 'wp_copy' argument. In future commits we plan to plumb the flags through to more places, so we'd be proliferating the very long argument list even further. Let's take the time to simplify the argument list. Combine the two arguments into one - and generalize, so when we add more flags in the future, it doesn't imply more function arguments. Since the modes (copy, zeropage, continue) are mutually exclusive, store them as an integer value (0, 1, 2) in the low bits. Place combine-able flag bits in the high bits. This is quite similar to an earlier patch proposed by Nadav Amit ("userfaultfd: introduce uffd_flags" [1]). The main difference is that patch only handled flags, whereas this patch *also* combines the "mode" argument into the same type to shorten the argument list. [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220619233449.181323-2-namit@vmware.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230314221250.682452-4-axelrasmussen@google.com Signed-off-by: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Acked-by: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Acked-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-04-05mm: userfaultfd: don't pass around both mm and vmaAxel Rasmussen1-2/+2
Quite a few userfaultfd functions took both mm and vma pointers as arguments. Since the mm is trivially accessible via vma->vm_mm, there's no reason to pass both; it just needlessly extends the already long argument list. Get rid of the mm pointer, where possible, to shorten the argument list. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230314221250.682452-3-axelrasmussen@google.com Signed-off-by: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Acked-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-03-28shmem: add support to ignore swapLuis Chamberlain1-0/+1
In doing experimentations with shmem having the option to avoid swap becomes a useful mechanism. One of the *raves* about brd over shmem is you can avoid swap, but that's not really a good reason to use brd if we can instead use shmem. Using brd has its own good reasons to exist, but just because "tmpfs" doesn't let you do that is not a great reason to avoid it if we can easily add support for it. I don't add support for reconfiguring incompatible options, but if we really wanted to we can add support for that. To avoid swap we use mapping_set_unevictable() upon inode creation, and put a WARN_ON_ONCE() stop-gap on writepages() for reclaim. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230309230545.2930737-7-mcgrof@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org> Acked-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Tested-by: Xin Hao <xhao@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Adam Manzanares <a.manzanares@samsung.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-02-09shmem: add shmem_read_folio() and shmem_read_folio_gfp()Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)1-0/+8
These are the folio replacements for shmem_read_mapping_page() and shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(), per Matthew] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Y+QdJTuzxeBYejw2@casper.infradead.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230206162520.4029022-2-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mark Hemment <markhemm@googlemail.com> Cc: Charan Teja Kalla <quic_charante@quicinc.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Pavankumar Kondeti <quic_pkondeti@quicinc.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-02-02mm: fix khugepaged with shmem_enabled=adviseDavid Stevens1-8/+2
Pass vm_flags as a parameter to shmem_is_huge, rather than reading the flags from the vm_area_struct in question. This allows the updated flags from hugepage_madvise to be passed to the check, which is necessary because madvise does not update the vm_area_struct's flags until after hugepage_madvise returns. This fixes an issue when shmem_enabled=madvise, where MADV_HUGEPAGE on shmem was not able to register the mm_struct with khugepaged. Prior to cd89fb065099, the mm_struct was registered by MADV_HUGEPAGE regardless of the value of shmem_enabled (which was only checked when scanning vmas). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230113023011.1784015-1-stevensd@google.com Fixes: cd89fb065099 ("mm,thp,shmem: make khugepaged obey tmpfs mount flags") Signed-off-by: David Stevens <stevensd@chromium.org> Cc: David Stevens <stevensd@chromium.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-10-03mm/shmem: add flag to enforce shmem THP in hugepage_vma_check()Zach O'Keefe1-4/+6
Patch series "mm: add file/shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE", v4. This series builds on top of the previous "mm: userspace hugepage collapse" series which introduced the MADV_COLLAPSE madvise mode and added support for private, anonymous mappings[2], by adding support for file and shmem backed memory to CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS=y kernels. File and shmem support have been added with effort to align with existing MADV_COLLAPSE semantics and policy decisions[3]. Collapse of shmem-backed memory ignores kernel-guiding directives and heuristics including all sysfs settings (transparent_hugepage/shmem_enabled), and tmpfs huge= mount options (shmem always supports large folios). Like anonymous mappings, on successful return of MADV_COLLAPSE on file/shmem memory, the contents of memory mapped by the addresses provided will be synchronously pmd-mapped THPs. This functionality unlocks two important uses: (1) Immediately back executable text by THPs. Current support provided by CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS may take a long time on a large system which might impair services from serving at their full rated load after (re)starting. Tricks like mremap(2)'ing text onto anonymous memory to immediately realize iTLB performance prevents page sharing and demand paging, both of which increase steady state memory footprint. Now, we can have the best of both worlds: Peak upfront performance and lower RAM footprints. (2) userfaultfd-based live migration of virtual machines satisfy UFFD faults by fetching native-sized pages over the network (to avoid latency of transferring an entire hugepage). However, after guest memory has been fully copied to the new host, MADV_COLLAPSE can be used to immediately increase guest performance. khugepaged has received a small improvement by association and can now detect and collapse pte-mapped THPs. However, there is still work to be done along the file collapse path. Compound pages of arbitrary order still needs to be supported and THP collapse needs to be converted to using folios in general. Eventually, we'd like to move away from the read-only and executable-mapped constraints currently imposed on eligible files and support any inode claiming huge folio support. That said, I think the series as-is covers enough to claim that MADV_COLLAPSE supports file/shmem memory. Patches 1-3 Implement the guts of the series. Patch 4 Is a tracepoint for debugging. Patches 5-9 Refactor existing khugepaged selftests to work with new memory types + new collapse tests. Patch 10 Adds a userfaultfd selftest mode to mimic a functional test of UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MINOR+MADV_COLLAPSE live migration. (v4 note: "userfaultfd shmem" selftest is failing as of Sep 22 mm-unstable) [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/YyiK8YvVcrtZo0z3@google.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220706235936.2197195-1-zokeefe@google.com/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/YtBmhaiPHUTkJml8@google.com/ [4] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220922222731.1124481-1-zokeefe@google.com/ [5] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220922184651.1016461-1-zokeefe@google.com/ This patch (of 10): Extend 'mm/thp: add flag to enforce sysfs THP in hugepage_vma_check()' to shmem, allowing callers to ignore /sys/kernel/transparent_hugepage/shmem_enabled and tmpfs huge= mount. This is intended to be used by MADV_COLLAPSE, and the rationale is analogous to the anon/file case: MADV_COLLAPSE is not coupled to directives that advise the kernel's decisions on when THPs should be considered eligible. shmem/tmpfs always claims large folio support, regardless of sysfs or mount options. [shy828301@gmail.com: test shmem_huge_force explicitly] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/CAHbLzko3A5-TpS0BgBeKkx5cuOkWgLvWXQH=TdgW-baO4rPtdg@mail.gmail.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220922224046.1143204-1-zokeefe@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220907144521.3115321-2-zokeefe@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220922224046.1143204-2-zokeefe@google.com Signed-off-by: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com> Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Chris Kennelly <ckennelly@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Rongwei Wang <rongwei.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-10-03shmem: remove shmem_getpage()Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)1-3/+1
With all callers removed, remove this wrapper function. The flags are now mysteriously called SGP, but I think we can live with that. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220902194653.1739778-34-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-10-03shmem: add shmem_get_folio()Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)1-0/+2
With no remaining callers of shmem_getpage_gfp(), add shmem_get_folio() and reimplement shmem_getpage() as a call to shmem_get_folio(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220902194653.1739778-25-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-08-20mm/shmem: fix chattr fsflags support in tmpfsHugh Dickins1-9/+4
ext[234] have always allowed unimplemented chattr flags to be set, but other filesystems have tended to be stricter. Follow the stricter approach for tmpfs: I don't want to have to explain why csu attributes don't actually work, and we won't need to update the chattr(1) manpage; and it's never wrong to start off strict, relaxing later if persuaded. Allow only a (append only) i (immutable) A (no atime) and d (no dump). Although lsattr showed 'A' inherited, the NOATIME behavior was not being inherited: because nothing sync'ed FS_NOATIME_FL to S_NOATIME. Add shmem_set_inode_flags() to sync the flags, using inode_set_flags() to avoid that instant of lost immutablility during fileattr_set(). But that change switched generic/079 from passing to failing: because FS_IMMUTABLE_FL and FS_APPEND_FL had been unconventionally included in the INHERITED fsflags: remove them and generic/079 is back to passing. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/2961dcb0-ddf3-b9f0-3268-12a4ff996856@google.com Fixes: e408e695f5f1 ("mm/shmem: support FS_IOC_[SG]ETFLAGS in tmpfs") Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Radoslaw Burny <rburny@google.com> Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-07-29mm/shmem: support FS_IOC_[SG]ETFLAGS in tmpfsTheodore Ts'o1-0/+11
This allows userspace to set flags like FS_APPEND_FL, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL, FS_NODUMP_FL, etc., like all other standard Linux file systems. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR=n warnings] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220715015912.2560575-1-tytso@mit.edu Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-05-13mm/shmem: take care of UFFDIO_COPY_MODE_WPPeter Xu1-2/+2
Pass wp_copy into shmem_mfill_atomic_pte() through the stack, then apply the UFFD_WP bit properly when the UFFDIO_COPY on shmem is with UFFDIO_COPY_MODE_WP. wp_copy lands mfill_atomic_install_pte() finally. Note: we must do pte_wrprotect() if !writable in mfill_atomic_install_pte(), as mk_pte() could return a writable pte (e.g., when VM_SHARED on a shmem file). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220405014841.14185-1-peterx@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-04-28mm: shmem: make shmem_init return voidMiaohe Lin1-1/+1
The return value of shmem_init is never used. So we can make it return void now. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove `return;' from void-returning function, per Muchun Song] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220328112707.22217-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-03-22tmpfs: support for file creation timeXavier Roche1-0/+1
Various filesystems (including ext4) now support file creation time. This adds such support for tmpfs-based filesystems. Note that using shmem_getattr() on other file types than regular requires that shmem_is_huge() check type, to stop incorrect HPAGE_PMD_SIZE blksize. [hughd@google.com: three tweaks to creation time patch] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b954973a-b8d1-cab8-63bd-6ea8063de3@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220314211150.GA123458@xavier-xps Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b954973a-b8d1-cab8-63bd-6ea8063de3@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220211213628.GA1919658@xavier-xps Signed-off-by: Xavier Roche <xavier.roche@algolia.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Tested-by: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de> Tested-by: Sylvain Bellone <sylvain.bellone@algolia.com> Reported-by: Xavier Grand <xavier.grand@algolia.com> Reviewed-by: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2022-01-22mm: simplify try_to_unuseChristoph Hellwig1-2/+1
Remove the unused frontswap and pages_to_unuse arguments, and mark the function static now that the caller in frontswap is gone. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix shmem_unuse() stub, per Matthew] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211224062246.1258487-9-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <Konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com> Cc: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-09-03huge tmpfs: shmem_is_huge(vma, inode, index)Hugh Dickins1-3/+6
Extend shmem_huge_enabled(vma) to shmem_is_huge(vma, inode, index), so that a consistent set of checks can be applied, even when the inode is accessed through read/write syscalls (with NULL vma) instead of mmaps (the index argument is seldom of interest, but required by mount option "huge=within_size"). Clean up and rearrange the checks a little. This then replaces the checks which shmem_fault() and shmem_getpage_gfp() were making, and eliminates the SGP_HUGE and SGP_NOHUGE modes. Replace a couple of 0s by explicit SHMEM_HUGE_NEVERs; and replace the obscure !shmem_mapping() symlink check by explicit S_ISLNK() - nothing else needs that symlink check, so leave it there in shmem_getpage_gfp(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/23a77889-2ddc-b030-75cd-44ca27fd4d1@google.com Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-09-03huge tmpfs: SGP_NOALLOC to stop collapse_file() on raceHugh Dickins1-0/+1
khugepaged's collapse_file() currently uses SGP_NOHUGE to tell shmem_getpage() not to try allocating a huge page, in the very unlikely event that a racing hole-punch removes the swapped or fallocated page as soon as i_pages lock is dropped. We want to consolidate shmem's huge decisions, removing SGP_HUGE and SGP_NOHUGE; but cannot quite persuade ourselves that it's okay to regress the protection in this case - Yang Shi points out that the huge page would remain indefinitely, charged to root instead of the intended memcg. collapse_file() should not even allocate a small page in this case: why proceed if someone is punching a hole? SGP_READ is almost the right flag here, except that it optimizes away from a fallocated page, with NULL to tell caller to fill with zeroes (like a hole); whereas collapse_file()'s sequence relies on using a cache page. Add SGP_NOALLOC just for this. There are too many consecutive "if (page"s there in shmem_getpage_gfp(): group it better; and fix the outdated "bring it back from swap" comment. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1355343b-acf-4653-ef79-6aee40214ac5@google.com Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-09-03huge tmpfs: fix split_huge_page() after FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZEHugh Dickins1-0/+13
A successful shmem_fallocate() guarantees that the extent has been reserved, even beyond i_size when the FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag was used. But that guarantee is broken by shmem_unused_huge_shrink()'s attempts to split huge pages and free their excess beyond i_size; and by other uses of split_huge_page() near i_size. It's sad to add a shmem inode field just for this, but I did not find a better way to keep the guarantee. A flag to say KEEP_SIZE has been used would be cheaper, but I'm averse to unclearable flags. The fallocend field is not perfect either (many disjoint ranges might be fallocated), but good enough; and gains another use later on. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ca9a146-3a59-6cd3-7f28-e9a044bb1052@google.com Fixes: 779750d20b93 ("shmem: split huge pages beyond i_size under memory pressure") Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-09-03shmem: use raw_spinlock_t for ->stat_lockSebastian Andrzej Siewior1-1/+1
Each CPU has SHMEM_INO_BATCH inodes available in `->ino_batch' which is per-CPU. Access here is serialized by disabling preemption. If the pool is empty, it gets reloaded from `->next_ino'. Access here is serialized by ->stat_lock which is a spinlock_t and can not be acquired with disabled preemption. One way around it would make per-CPU ino_batch struct containing the inode number a local_lock_t. Another solution is to promote ->stat_lock to a raw_spinlock_t. The critical sections are short. The mpol_put() must be moved outside of the critical section to avoid invoking the destructor with disabled preemption. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210806142916.jdwkb5bx62q5fwfo@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-07-02Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds1-11/+8
Merge more updates from Andrew Morton: "190 patches. Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (hugetlb, userfaultfd, vmscan, kconfig, proc, z3fold, zbud, ras, mempolicy, memblock, migration, thp, nommu, kconfig, madvise, memory-hotplug, zswap, zsmalloc, zram, cleanups, kfence, and hmm), procfs, sysctl, misc, core-kernel, lib, lz4, checkpatch, init, kprobes, nilfs2, hfs, signals, exec, kcov, selftests, compress/decompress, and ipc" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (190 commits) ipc/util.c: use binary search for max_idx ipc/sem.c: use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() for use_global_lock ipc: use kmalloc for msg_queue and shmid_kernel ipc sem: use kvmalloc for sem_undo allocation lib/decompressors: remove set but not used variabled 'level' selftests/vm/pkeys: exercise x86 XSAVE init state selftests/vm/pkeys: refill shadow register after implicit kernel write selftests/vm/pkeys: handle negative sys_pkey_alloc() return code selftests/vm/pkeys: fix alloc_random_pkey() to make it really, really random kcov: add __no_sanitize_coverage to fix noinstr for all architectures exec: remove checks in __register_bimfmt() x86: signal: don't do sas_ss_reset() until we are certain that sigframe won't be abandoned hfsplus: report create_date to kstat.btime hfsplus: remove unnecessary oom message nilfs2: remove redundant continue statement in a while-loop kprobes: remove duplicated strong free_insn_page in x86 and s390 init: print out unknown kernel parameters checkpatch: do not complain about positive return values starting with EPOLL checkpatch: improve the indented label test checkpatch: scripts/spdxcheck.py now requires python3 ...
2021-06-30userfaultfd/shmem: combine shmem_{mcopy_atomic,mfill_zeropage}_pteAxel Rasmussen1-11/+8
Patch series "userfaultfd: add minor fault handling for shmem", v6. Overview ======== See the series which added minor faults for hugetlbfs [3] for a detailed overview of minor fault handling in general. This series adds the same support for shmem-backed areas. This series is structured as follows: - Commits 1 and 2 are cleanups. - Commits 3 and 4 implement the new feature (minor fault handling for shmem). - Commit 5 advertises that the feature is now available since at this point it's fully implemented. - Commit 6 is a final cleanup, modifying an existing code path to re-use a new helper we've introduced. - Commits 7, 8, 9, 10 update the userfaultfd selftest to exercise the feature. Use Case ======== In some cases it is useful to have VM memory backed by tmpfs instead of hugetlbfs. So, this feature will be used to support the same VM live migration use case described in my original series. Additionally, Android folks (Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@google.com>) hope to optimize the Android Runtime garbage collector using this feature: "The plan is to use userfaultfd for concurrently compacting the heap. With this feature, the heap can be shared-mapped at another location where the GC-thread(s) could continue the compaction operation without the need to invoke userfault ioctl(UFFDIO_COPY) each time. OTOH, if and when Java threads get faults on the heap, UFFDIO_CONTINUE can be used to resume execution. Furthermore, this feature enables updating references in the 'non-moving' portion of the heap efficiently. Without this feature, uneccessary page copying (ioctl(UFFDIO_COPY)) would be required." [1] https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/cover/1388144/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/1408161/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20210301222728.176417-1-axelrasmussen@google.com/T/#t This patch (of 9): Previously, we did a dance where we had one calling path in userfaultfd.c (mfill_atomic_pte), but then we split it into two in shmem_fs.h (shmem_{mcopy_atomic,mfill_zeropage}_pte), and then rejoined into a single shared function in shmem.c (shmem_mfill_atomic_pte). This is all a bit overly complex. Just call the single combined shmem function directly, allowing us to clean up various branches, boilerplate, etc. While we're touching this function, two other small cleanup changes: - offset is equivalent to pgoff, so we can get rid of offset entirely. - Split two VM_BUG_ON cases into two statements. This means the line number reported when the BUG is hit specifies exactly which condition was true. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210503180737.2487560-1-axelrasmussen@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210503180737.2487560-3-axelrasmussen@google.com Signed-off-by: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com> Cc: "Dr . David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com> Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@google.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com> Cc: Oliver Upton <oupton@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Wang Qing <wangqing@vivo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-04-30Reimplement RLIMIT_MEMLOCK on top of ucountsAlexey Gladkov1-1/+1
The rlimit counter is tied to uid in the user_namespace. This allows rlimit values to be specified in userns even if they are already globally exceeded by the user. However, the value of the previous user_namespaces cannot be exceeded. Changelog v11: * Fix issue found by lkp robot. v8: * Fix issues found by lkp-tests project. v7: * Keep only ucounts for RLIMIT_MEMLOCK checks instead of struct cred. v6: * Fix bug in hugetlb_file_setup() detected by trinity. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com> Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/970d50c70c71bfd4496e0e8d2a0a32feebebb350.1619094428.git.legion@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2020-12-15mm/shmem.c: make shmem_mapping() inlineHui Su1-1/+5
shmem_mapping() isn't worth an out-of-line call from any callsite. So make it inline by - make shmem_aops global - export shmem_aops - inline the shmem_mapping() and replace the direct call 'shmem_aops' with shmem_mapping() in shmem.c. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201115165207.GA265355@rlk Signed-off-by: Hui Su <sh_def@163.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-08-07tmpfs: support 64-bit inums per-sbChris Down1-0/+1
The default is still set to inode32 for backwards compatibility, but system administrators can opt in to the new 64-bit inode numbers by either: 1. Passing inode64 on the command line when mounting, or 2. Configuring the kernel with CONFIG_TMPFS_INODE64=y The inode64 and inode32 names are used based on existing precedent from XFS. [hughd@google.com: Kconfig fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.2008011928010.13320@eggly.anvils Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8b23758d0c66b5e2263e08baf9c4b6a7565cbd8f.1594661218.git.chris@chrisdown.name Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-08-07tmpfs: per-superblock i_ino supportChris Down1-0/+2
Patch series "tmpfs: inode: Reduce risk of inum overflow", v7. In Facebook production we are seeing heavy i_ino wraparounds on tmpfs. On affected tiers, in excess of 10% of hosts show multiple files with different content and the same inode number, with some servers even having as many as 150 duplicated inode numbers with differing file content. This causes actual, tangible problems in production. For example, we have complaints from those working on remote caches that their application is reporting cache corruptions because it uses (device, inodenum) to establish the identity of a particular cache object, but because it's not unique any more, the application refuses to continue and reports cache corruption. Even worse, sometimes applications may not even detect the corruption but may continue anyway, causing phantom and hard to debug behaviour. In general, userspace applications expect that (device, inodenum) should be enough to be uniquely point to one inode, which seems fair enough. One might also need to check the generation, but in this case: 1. That's not currently exposed to userspace (ioctl(...FS_IOC_GETVERSION...) returns ENOTTY on tmpfs); 2. Even with generation, there shouldn't be two live inodes with the same inode number on one device. In order to mitigate this, we take a two-pronged approach: 1. Moving inum generation from being global to per-sb for tmpfs. This itself allows some reduction in i_ino churn. This works on both 64- and 32- bit machines. 2. Adding inode{64,32} for tmpfs. This fix is supported on machines with 64-bit ino_t only: we allow users to mount tmpfs with a new inode64 option that uses the full width of ino_t, or CONFIG_TMPFS_INODE64. You can see how this compares to previous related patches which didn't implement this per-superblock: - https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/11254001/ - https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/11023915/ This patch (of 2): get_next_ino has a number of problems: - It uses and returns a uint, which is susceptible to become overflowed if a lot of volatile inodes that use get_next_ino are created. - It's global, with no specificity per-sb or even per-filesystem. This means it's not that difficult to cause inode number wraparounds on a single device, which can result in having multiple distinct inodes with the same inode number. This patch adds a per-superblock counter that mitigates the second case. This design also allows us to later have a specific i_ino size per-device, for example, allowing users to choose whether to use 32- or 64-bit inodes for each tmpfs mount. This is implemented in the next commit. For internal shmem mounts which may be less tolerant to spinlock delays, we implement a percpu batching scheme which only takes the stat_lock at each batch boundary. Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1594661218.git.chris@chrisdown.name Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1986b9d63b986f08ec07a4aa4b2275e718e47d8a.1594661218.git.chris@chrisdown.name Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-04-07mm: remove CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHEMatthew Wilcox (Oracle)1-9/+1
Commit e496cf3d7821 ("thp: introduce CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE") notes that it should be reverted when the PowerPC problem was fixed. The commit fixing the PowerPC problem (953c66c2b22a) did not revert the commit; instead setting CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE to the same as CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE. Checking with Kirill and Aneesh, this was an oversight, so remove the Kconfig symbol and undo the work of commit e496cf3d7821. Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200318140253.6141-6-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-02-07fs_parse: fold fs_parameter_desc/fs_parameter_specAl Viro1-1/+2
The former contains nothing but a pointer to an array of the latter... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-09-12vfs: Convert ramfs, shmem, tmpfs, devtmpfs, rootfs to use the new mount APIDavid Howells1-2/+2
Convert the ramfs, shmem, tmpfs, devtmpfs and rootfs filesystems to the new internal mount API as the old one will be obsoleted and removed. This allows greater flexibility in communication of mount parameters between userspace, the VFS and the filesystem. See Documentation/filesystems/mount_api.txt for more information. Note that tmpfs is slightly tricky as it can contain embedded commas, so it can't be trivially split up using strsep() to break on commas in generic_parse_monolithic(). Instead, tmpfs has to supply its own generic parser. However, if tmpfs changes, then devtmpfs and rootfs, which are wrappers around tmpfs or ramfs, must change too - and thus so must ramfs, so these had to be converted also. [AV: rewritten] Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-09-05make shmem_fill_super() staticAl Viro1-1/+2
... have callers use shmem_mount() Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-04-19mm: swapoff: shmem_unuse() stop eviction without igrab()Hugh Dickins1-0/+1
The igrab() in shmem_unuse() looks good, but we forgot that it gives no protection against concurrent unmounting: a point made by Konstantin Khlebnikov eight years ago, and then fixed in 2.6.39 by 778dd893ae78 ("tmpfs: fix race between umount and swapoff"). The current 5.1-rc swapoff is liable to hit "VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of tmpfs. Self-destruct in 5 seconds. Have a nice day..." followed by GPF. Once again, give up on using igrab(); but don't go back to making such heavy-handed use of shmem_swaplist_mutex as last time: that would spoil the new design, and I expect could deadlock inside shmem_swapin_page(). Instead, shmem_unuse() just raise a "stop_eviction" count in the shmem- specific inode, and shmem_evict_inode() wait for that to go down to 0. Call it "stop_eviction" rather than "swapoff_busy" because it can be put to use for others later (huge tmpfs patches expect to use it). That simplifies shmem_unuse(), protecting it from both unlink and unmount; and in practice lets it locate all the swap in its first try. But do not rely on that: there's still a theoretical case, when shmem_writepage() might have been preempted after its get_swap_page(), before making the swap entry visible to swapoff. [hughd@google.com: remove incorrect list_del()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1904091133570.1898@eggly.anvils Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1904081259400.1523@eggly.anvils Fixes: b56a2d8af914 ("mm: rid swapoff of quadratic complexity") Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: "Alex Xu (Hello71)" <alex_y_xu@yahoo.ca> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Kelley Nielsen <kelleynnn@gmail.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Vineeth Pillai <vpillai@digitalocean.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-03-05mm: rid swapoff of quadratic complexityVineeth Remanan Pillai1-1/+2
This patch was initially posted by Kelley Nielsen. Reposting the patch with all review comments addressed and with minor modifications and optimizations. Also, folding in the fixes offered by Hugh Dickins and Huang Ying. Tests were rerun and commit message updated with new results. try_to_unuse() is of quadratic complexity, with a lot of wasted effort. It unuses swap entries one by one, potentially iterating over all the page tables for all the processes in the system for each one. This new proposed implementation of try_to_unuse simplifies its complexity to linear. It iterates over the system's mms once, unusing all the affected entries as it walks each set of page tables. It also makes similar changes to shmem_unuse. Improvement swapoff was called on a swap partition containing about 6G of data, in a VM(8cpu, 16G RAM), and calls to unuse_pte_range() were counted. Present implementation....about 1200M calls(8min, avg 80% cpu util). Prototype.................about 9.0K calls(3min, avg 5% cpu util). Details In shmem_unuse(), iterate over the shmem_swaplist and, for each shmem_inode_info that contains a swap entry, pass it to shmem_unuse_inode(), along with the swap type. In shmem_unuse_inode(), iterate over its associated xarray, and store the index and value of each swap entry in an array for passing to shmem_swapin_page() outside of the RCU critical section. In try_to_unuse(), instead of iterating over the entries in the type and unusing them one by one, perhaps walking all the page tables for all the processes for each one, iterate over the mmlist, making one pass. Pass each mm to unuse_mm() to begin its page table walk, and during the walk, unuse all the ptes that have backing store in the swap type received by try_to_unuse(). After the walk, check the type for orphaned swap entries with find_next_to_unuse(), and remove them from the swap cache. If find_next_to_unuse() starts over at the beginning of the type, repeat the check of the shmem_swaplist and the walk a maximum of three times. Change unuse_mm() and the intervening walk functions down to unuse_pte_range() to take the type as a parameter, and to iterate over their entire range, calling the next function down on every iteration. In unuse_pte_range(), make a swap entry from each pte in the range using the passed in type. If it has backing store in the type, call swapin_readahead() to retrieve the page and pass it to unuse_pte(). Pass the count of pages_to_unuse down the page table walks in try_to_unuse(), and return from the walk when the desired number of pages has been swapped back in. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190114153129.4852-2-vpillai@digitalocean.com Signed-off-by: Vineeth Remanan Pillai <vpillai@digitalocean.com> Signed-off-by: Kelley Nielsen <kelleynnn@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-06-07mm: restructure memfd codeMike Kravetz1-13/+0
With the addition of memfd hugetlbfs support, we now have the situation where memfd depends on TMPFS -or- HUGETLBFS. Previously, memfd was only supported on tmpfs, so it made sense that the code resided in shmem.c. In the current code, memfd is only functional if TMPFS is defined. If HUGETLFS is defined and TMPFS is not defined, then memfd functionality will not be available for hugetlbfs. This does not cause BUGs, just a lack of potentially desired functionality. Code is restructured in the following way: - include/linux/memfd.h is a new file containing memfd specific definitions previously contained in shmem_fs.h. - mm/memfd.c is a new file containing memfd specific code previously contained in shmem.c. - memfd specific code is removed from shmem_fs.h and shmem.c. - A new config option MEMFD_CREATE is added that is defined if TMPFS or HUGETLBFS is defined. No functional changes are made to the code: restructuring only. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180415182119.4517-4-mike.kravetz@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Marc-Andr Lureau <marcandre.lureau@gmail.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31shmem: rename functions that are memfd-relatedMarc-André Lureau1-2/+2
Those functions are called for memfd files, backed by shmem or hugetlb (the next patches will handle hugetlb). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171107122800.25517-3-marcandre.lureau@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31shmem: unexport shmem_add_seals()/shmem_get_seals()Marc-André Lureau1-2/+0
Patch series "memfd: add sealing to hugetlb-backed memory", v3. Recently, Mike Kravetz added hugetlbfs support to memfd. However, he didn't add sealing support. One of the reasons to use memfd is to have shared memory sealing when doing IPC or sharing memory with another process with some extra safety. qemu uses shared memory & hugetables with vhost-user (used by dpdk), so it is reasonable to use memfd now instead for convenience and security reasons. This patch (of 9): The functions are called through shmem_fcntl() only. And no danger in removing the EXPORTs as the routines only work with shmem file structs. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171107122800.25517-2-marcandre.lureau@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-15Merge tag 'drm-for-v4.15' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linuxLinus Torvalds1-0/+2
Pull drm updates from Dave Airlie: "This is the main drm pull request for v4.15. Core: - Atomic object lifetime fixes - Atomic iterator improvements - Sparse/smatch fixes - Legacy kms ioctls to be interruptible - EDID override improvements - fb/gem helper cleanups - Simple outreachy patches - Documentation improvements - Fix dma-buf rcu races - DRM mode object leasing for improving VR use cases. - vgaarb improvements for non-x86 platforms. New driver: - tve200: Faraday Technology TVE200 block. This "TV Encoder" encodes a ITU-T BT.656 stream and can be found in the StorLink SL3516 (later Cortina Systems CS3516) as well as the Grain Media GM8180. New bridges: - SiI9234 support New panels: - S6E63J0X03, OTM8009A, Seiko 43WVF1G, 7" rpi touch panel, Toshiba LT089AC19000, Innolux AT043TN24 i915: - Remove Coffeelake from alpha support - Cannonlake workarounds - Infoframe refactoring for DisplayPort - VBT updates - DisplayPort vswing/emph/buffer translation refactoring - CCS fixes - Restore GPU clock boost on missed vblanks - Scatter list updates for userptr allocations - Gen9+ transition watermarks - Display IPC (Isochronous Priority Control) - Private PAT management - GVT: improved error handling and pci config sanitizing - Execlist refactoring - Transparent Huge Page support - User defined priorities support - HuC/GuC firmware refactoring - DP MST fixes - eDP power sequencing fixes - Use RCU instead of stop_machine - PSR state tracking support - Eviction fixes - BDW DP aux channel timeout fixes - LSPCON fixes - Cannonlake PLL fixes amdgpu: - Per VM BO support - Powerplay cleanups - CI powerplay support - PASID mgr for kfd - SR-IOV fixes - initial GPU reset for vega10 - Prime mmap support - TTM updates - Clock query interface for Raven - Fence to handle ioctl - UVD encode ring support on Polaris - Transparent huge page DMA support - Compute LRU pipe tweaks - BO flag to allow buffers to opt out of implicit sync - CTX priority setting API - VRAM lost infrastructure plumbing qxl: - fix flicker since atomic rework amdkfd: - Further improvements from internal AMD tree - Usermode events - Drop radeon support nouveau: - Pascal temperature sensor support - Improved BAR2 handling - MMU rework to support Pascal MMU exynos: - Improved HDMI/mixer support - HDMI audio interface support tegra: - Prep work for tegra186 - Cleanup/fixes msm: - Preemption support for a5xx - Display fixes for 8x96 (snapdragon 820) - Async cursor plane fixes - FW loading rework - GPU debugging improvements vc4: - Prep for DSI panels - fix T-format tiling scanout - New madvise ioctl Rockchip: - LVDS support omapdrm: - omap4 HDMI CEC support etnaviv: - GPU performance counters groundwork sun4i: - refactor driver load + TCON backend - HDMI improvements - A31 support - Misc fixes udl: - Probe/EDID read fixes. tilcdc: - Misc fixes. pl111: - Support more variants adv7511: - Improve EDID handling. - HDMI CEC support sii8620: - Add remote control support" * tag 'drm-for-v4.15' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (1480 commits) drm/rockchip: analogix_dp: Use mutex rather than spinlock drm/mode_object: fix documentation for object lookups. drm/i915: Reorder context-close to avoid calling i915_vma_close() under RCU drm/i915: Move init_clock_gating() back to where it was drm/i915: Prune the reservation shared fence array drm/i915: Idle the GPU before shinking everything drm/i915: Lock llist_del_first() vs llist_del_all() drm/i915: Calculate ironlake intermediate watermarks correctly, v2. drm/i915: Disable lazy PPGTT page table optimization for vGPU drm/i915/execlists: Remove the priority "optimisation" drm/i915: Filter out spurious execlists context-switch interrupts drm/amdgpu: use irq-safe lock for kiq->ring_lock drm/amdgpu: bypass lru touch for KIQ ring submission drm/amdgpu: Potential uninitialized variable in amdgpu_vm_update_directories() drm/amdgpu: potential uninitialized variable in amdgpu_vce_ring_parse_cs() drm/amd/powerplay: initialize a variable before using it drm/amd/powerplay: suppress KASAN out of bounds warning in vega10_populate_all_memory_levels drm/amd/amdgpu: fix evicted VRAM bo adjudgement condition drm/vblank: Tune drm_crtc_accurate_vblank_count() WARN down to a debug drm/rockchip: add CONFIG_OF dependency for lvds ...
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman1-0/+1
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-10-07mm/shmem: introduce shmem_file_setup_with_mntMatthew Auld1-0/+2
We are planning to use our own tmpfs mnt in i915 in place of the shm_mnt, such that we can control the mount options, in particular huge=, which we require to support huge-gtt-pages. So rather than roll our own version of __shmem_file_setup, it would be preferred if we could just give shmem our mnt, and let it do the rest. Signed-off-by: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com> Cc: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20171006145041.21673-2-matthew.auld@intel.com Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20171006221833.32439-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk
2017-09-06userfaultfd: shmem: add shmem_mfill_zeropage_pte for userfaultfd supportMike Rapoport1-0/+6
shmem_mfill_zeropage_pte is the low level routine that implements the userfaultfd UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE command. Since for shmem mappings zero pages are always allocated and accounted, the new method is a slight extension of the existing shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497939652-16528-4-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-24mm: remove shmem_mapping() shmem_zero_setup() duplicatesHugh Dickins1-0/+7
Remove the prototypes for shmem_mapping() and shmem_zero_setup() from linux/mm.h, since they are already provided in linux/shmem_fs.h. But shmem_fs.h must then provide the inline stub for shmem_mapping() when CONFIG_SHMEM is not set, and a few more cfiles now need to #include it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1702081658250.1549@eggly.anvils Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22userfaultfd: shmem: add shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte for userfaultfd supportMike Rapoport1-0/+11
shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte is the low level routine that implements the userfaultfd UFFDIO_COPY command. It is based on the existing mcopy_atomic_pte routine with modifications for shared memory pages. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-29-aarcange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26shmem: split huge pages beyond i_size under memory pressureKirill A. Shutemov1-1/+5
Even if user asked to allocate huge pages always (huge=always), we should be able to free up some memory by splitting pages which are partly byound i_size if memory presure comes or once we hit limit on filesystem size (-o size=). In order to do this we maintain per-superblock list of inodes, which potentially have huge pages on the border of file size. Per-fs shrinker can reclaim memory by splitting such pages. If we hit -ENOSPC during shmem_getpage_gfp(), we try to split a page to free up space on the filesystem and retry allocation if it succeed. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-37-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26thp: introduce CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHEKirill A. Shutemov1-1/+9
For file mappings, we don't deposit page tables on THP allocation because it's not strictly required to implement split_huge_pmd(): we can just clear pmd and let following page faults to reconstruct the page table. But Power makes use of deposited page table to address MMU quirk. Let's hide THP page cache, including huge tmpfs, under separate config option, so it can be forbidden on Power. We can revert the patch later once solution for Power found. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-36-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26khugepaged: add support of collapse for tmpfs/shmem pagesKirill A. Shutemov1-0/+23
This patch extends khugepaged to support collapse of tmpfs/shmem pages. We share fair amount of infrastructure with anon-THP collapse. Few design points: - First we are looking for VMA which can be suitable for mapping huge page; - If the VMA maps shmem file, the rest scan/collapse operations operates on page cache, not on page tables as in anon VMA case. - khugepaged_scan_shmem() finds a range which is suitable for huge page. The scan is lockless and shouldn't disturb system too much. - once the candidate for collapse is found, collapse_shmem() attempts to create a huge page: + scan over radix tree, making the range point to new huge page; + new huge page is not-uptodate, locked and freezed (refcount is 0), so nobody can touch them until we say so. + we swap in pages during the scan. khugepaged_scan_shmem() filters out ranges with more than khugepaged_max_ptes_swap swapped out pages. It's HPAGE_PMD_NR/8 by default. + old pages are isolated, unmapped and put to local list in case to be restored back if collapse failed. - if collapse succeed, we retract pte page tables from VMAs where huge pages mapping is possible. The huge page will be mapped as PMD on next minor fault into the range. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-35-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>