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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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include/linux/moduleloader.h is more suitable place for this macro.
Also change alignment to PAGE_SIZE for CONFIG_KASAN=n as such
alignment already assumed in several places.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Nothing needs the module pointer any more, and the next patch will
call it from RCU, where the module itself might no longer exist.
Removing the arg is the safest approach.
This just codifies the use of the module_alloc/module_free pattern
which ftrace and bpf use.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: linux-cris-kernel@axis.com
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: nios2-dev@lists.rocketboards.org
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
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Archs have been abusing module_free() to clean up their arch-specific
allocations. Since module_free() is also (ab)used by BPF and trace code,
let's keep it to simple allocations, and provide a hook called before
that.
This means that avr32, ia64, parisc and s390 no longer need to implement
their own module_free() at all. avr32 doesn't need module_finalize()
either.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
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Fengguang Wu's build bot detected that if moduleloader.h is included in
a C file (used by ftrace and kprobes to access module_alloc() when
available), that it can fail to build if CONFIG_MODULES and
CONFIG_MODULES_USE_ELF_REL is not defined.
This is because there's a printk() that dereferences struct module to
print the name of the module. But as struct module does not exist when
CONFIG_MODULES is not defined we get this error:
include/linux/moduleloader.h: In function 'apply_relocate':
>> include/linux/moduleloader.h:48:63: error: dereferencing pointer to
>> incomplete type
printk(KERN_ERR "module %s: REL relocation unsupported\n", me->name);
^
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Based-on-the-true-story-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Confirms-rustys-story-ends-the-same-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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Use the mapping of Elf_[SPE]hdr, Elf_Addr, Elf_Sym, Elf_Dyn, Elf_Rel/Rela,
ELF_R_TYPE() and ELF_R_SYM() to either the 32-bit version or the 64-bit version
into asm-generic/module.h for all arches bar MIPS.
Also, use the generic definition mod_arch_specific where possible.
To this end, I've defined three new config bools:
(*) HAVE_MOD_ARCH_SPECIFIC
Arches define this if they don't want to use the empty generic
mod_arch_specific struct.
(*) MODULES_USE_ELF_RELA
Arches define this if their modules can contain RELA records. This causes
the Elf_Rela mapping to be emitted and allows apply_relocate_add() to be
defined by the arch rather than have the core emit an error message.
(*) MODULES_USE_ELF_REL
Arches define this if their modules can contain REL records. This causes
the Elf_Rel mapping to be emitted and allows apply_relocate() to be
defined by the arch rather than have the core emit an error message.
Note that it is possible to allow both REL and RELA records: m68k and mips are
two arches that do this.
With this, some arch asm/module.h files can be deleted entirely and replaced
with a generic-y marker in the arch Kbuild file.
Additionally, I have removed the bits from m32r and score that handle the
unsupported type of relocation record as that's now handled centrally.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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The module loader code allows architectures to hook into the code by
providing a small number of entry points that each arch must implement.
This patch provides __weakly linked generic implementations of these
entry points for architectures that don't need to do anything special.
Signed-off-by: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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When creating the final layout of a kernel module in memory, allow the
module loader to reserve some additional memory in front of a given section.
This is currently only needed for the parisc port which needs to put the
stub entries there to fulfill the 17/22bit PCREL relocations with large
kernel modules like xfs.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> (renamed fn)
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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