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-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
-<a name="ref-migrating"></a>Migrating from NetworkManager 0.8 to NetworkManager 0.9</h2></div></div></div>
-<div class="toc"><dl>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id537843">Architecture and D-Bus API Changes in 0.9</a></span></dt>
-<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id551050">Elimination of the User Settings Service</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id532968">User Secret Agents</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id545506">Settings Service Interface Changes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id546055">Connection Object Interface Changes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id560506">Permissions Methods Consolidation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id566633">AddConnection Returns Object Path of New Connection</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id523443">Support for WiMAX Devices</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id565603">New Device States</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id534542">New Active Connection State</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id533386">Consolidated Modem Devices</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id514244">Secret Property Flags</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="section"><a href="ref-migrating.html#id529216">Deprecated Methods Removed</a></span></dt>
-</dl></dd>
-</dl></div>
-<p>
- NetworkManager 0.9 is a new major version of NetworkManager that breaks
- both API and ABI compared to previous versions. These changes are
- intended to make communication with NetworkManager much simpler, especially
- for network control and configuration programs. Thankfully, most changes
- are not difficult to implement, and the advantages of the simpler
- architecture of NetworkManager 0.9 greatly outweight the effort of
- updating client programs.
- </p>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id537843"></a>Architecture and D-Bus API Changes in 0.9</h2></div></div></div>
-<p>
- This section details the architectural and D-Bus API changes in
- NetworkManager 0.9.
- </p>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id551050"></a>Elimination of the User Settings Service</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Previously there were two "settings services", or D-Bus services that
- provided and saved network configuration information. NetworkManager
- owned the "system" settings service, and one user-level applet owned the
- "user" settings service. Now, the "user" settings service has been
- eliminated, so clients only have to track one D-Bus service to read and
- update network configuration. The functionality of the old user settings
- service has been replaced with a "permissions" key on each connection
- object to preserve the ability to restrict which users can use the
- connection, and with a "secret agent" D-Bus API for user-session-level
- secure storage of network secrets and passwords.
- </p>
-<p>
- Elimination of the user settings service provides the following advantages
- for clients of NetworkManager:
- </p>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
-<li class="listitem">Simpler discovery of network configuration and change tracking</li>
-<li class="listitem">Simpler storage of user-level network secrets by control applets</li>
-<li class="listitem">Correct operation of fast-user switching and multi-seat configurations</li>
-<li class="listitem">More granular network connection permissions for system administrators</li>
-<li class="listitem">Connections are now system-wide by default (unless restricted by the user or system administrator)</li>
-<li class="listitem">Easier deployment of user-specific connections (ie, VPNs)</li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>
- </p>
-<p>
- With this change, D-Bus methods that previously took a "service name"
- argument (like
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.ActivateConnection</code>) and
- objects with service name properties (like ActiveConnection objects) no
- longer have those arguments or properties.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> if you develop a network control
- applet that talks to NetworkManager and used to provide a user settings
- service, you can eliminate that code and rely on NetworkManager for all
- storage of network configuration. Your applet should now implement the
- Secret Agent D-Bus API (see below) to store user-specific secrets, and
- add legacy user-specific configuration to NetworkManager when run. More
- information about both these changes follows.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id532968"></a>User Secret Agents</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Even with the elimination of the user settings service, in some cases it
- is still desirable to store secrets in the user's session and not in
- system-wide storage (and thus available to all users). To allow this
- functionality the concept of agents has been introduced. Using the new
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.AgentManager" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.AgentManager</code></a>
- D-Bus interface provided by NetworkManager, user applications can register
- themselves as "secret agents", ie programs capable of saving and providing
- secrets to NetworkManager. The agent should export the
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.SecretAgent" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.SecretAgent</code></a>
- D-Bus interface, but should NOT claim a bus name on the system or session
- bus. Instead, NetworkManager talks to the agent directly over the D-Bus
- connection which the agent used to register itself.
- </p>
-<p>
- Each agent must send a unique identifier to NetworkManager when it
- registers. This identifier must follow certain rules (see the NM D-Bus
- API documentation for more details) but looks essentially the same as
- a D-Bus service name. Only one agent using a given identifier may be
- registered at the same time. The agent is automatically unregistered
- if it disconnects from D-Bus or exits.
- </p>
-<p>
- When NetworkManager requires secrets during the attempt to connect to a
- network, and no secrets are available from the internal settings service,
- NetworkManager queries each registered agent for secrets. Agents that
- are in "active" user sessions (as determined by ConsoleKit) are preferred
- over inactive ones. Only agents belonging to users who have permission
- to view and modify the connection are queried. For more information on
- connection permissions, see below.
- </p>
- When secrets are requested, the agent is also sent a set of flags that
- modify the behavior of the request. By default, the agent should never
- attempt to query the user for secrets, but should simply return any
- available saved secrets. Other flags allow the agent to explicitly
- request new secrets from the user.
- <p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> the parts of a previous user
- settings service that handled secrets may be easily repurposed as the bulk
- of the implementation of a secret agent. The agent is sent all available
- connection settings, and from those should be able to retrieve or save
- any saved user secrets, or to request new secrets from the user.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id545506"></a>Settings Service Interface Changes</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- With the elimination of the user settings service, the old
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerUserSettings</code> and
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSystemSettings</code> D-Bus
- service names are no longer used. Instead NetworkManager provides the
- settings service using its own D-Bus service name,
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager</code>. The object path of
- the settings service remains unchanged.
- </p>
-<p>
- Additionally, the D-Bus interface of the settings service has changed
- to <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings</code></a> from
- the old interface name of
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings</code>, and the old
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.System</code>
- interface has been merged into the new
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings</code></a> interface
- as the split no longer made sense. This includes the
- <code class="literal">SaveHostname</code> method and the <code class="literal">Hostname</code>
- and <code class="literal">CanModify</code> properties.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> change the service name that
- your application uses to request system network settings to
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager</code>, and update the D-Bus
- interface that codes uses to talk to the settings service to
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings</code></a>.
- Listen for hostname changes using the new interface name as well.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id546055"></a>Connection Object Interface Changes</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Consistent with the interface changes to the Settings object, the
- Connection object's D-Bus interface has changed to
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection</code></a>
- from the previous
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.Connection</code>.
- </p>
-<p>
- Additionally, the
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.Updated</code>
- signal of the Connection object no longer includes the updated settings
- data argument, as that might allow users who are not authorized to
- view the connection details to do so. Instead, when a client receives the
- Updated signal, it should requery the Connection's settings with the
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.GetSettings</code>
- method. If the client receives an error as a result of this method call,
- it should assume the connection has been deleted.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> where code manipulates
- Connection objects, update the D-Bus interface that code uses to be
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection</code>.
- Additionally, code that listens for the
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.Updated</code>
- signal should no longer expect the new settings data as an argument, but
- instead should request the new settings data using the
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.GetSettings</code>
- method.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id560506"></a>Permissions Methods Consolidation</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Previously there were two D-Bus method calls to retrieve the list of
- operations that a user client could perform, and two signals notifying
- callers that they should recheck permissions. Those two calls were:
- </p>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
-<li class="listitem">
-<code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.System.GetPermissions</code>
- which returned a bitfield of operations the caller was allowed to
- perform related to modify system network settings and the machine
- hostname
- </li>
-<li class="listitem">
-<code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.GetPermissions</code> which
- returned a dictionary mapping permission names to result strings like
- "yes", "auth", or "no", relating to network control permissions like
- the ability to enable or disable WiFi.
- </li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>
- These two calls have been consolidated into an enhanced
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.GetPermissions</code> call that
- uses the same arguments, but includes all permissions, including those which
- the settings service used to handle.
- </p>
-<p>
- With this change, the bitfield items from
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.System.GetPermissions</code>
- are now string-based permissions. The mapping is as follows:
- </p>
-<div class="table">
-<a name="id555187"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 17. </b></p>
-<div class="table-contents"><table border="1">
-<colgroup>
-<col>
-<col>
-</colgroup>
-<thead><tr>
-<th>Old bitfield value</th>
-<th>New permission name</th>
-</tr></thead>
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x1 (connection-modify)</pre></td>
-<td>
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.system</code>
- or <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.system</code>
- depending on the permissions of the connection.
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x2 (wifi-share-protected)</pre></td>
-<td>
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.wifi.share.protected</code>
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x4 (wifi-share-open)</pre></td>
-<td>
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.wifi.share.open</code>
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x8 (hostname-modify)</pre></td>
-<td>
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.hostname</code>
- </td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<p><br class="table-break">
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> modify handling of existing
- code that checks permissions to recognize the new permissions names for
- old system settings permissions, and remove code that used to call
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.System.GetPermissions</code>.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id566633"></a>AddConnection Returns Object Path of New Connection</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- The <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.AddConnection</code>
- </a> method call now returns the object path of the newly added
- connection. Previously, if code wanted to manipulate a connection
- post-addition, it had to wait for the new connection to be announced via
- the NewConnection signal by matching connection UUIDs. Now the object
- path is returned and this workaround is no longer required.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> update code that adds new
- connections to handle the object path returned from AddConnection, and
- remove workarounds for finding the new connection via signals.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id523443"></a>Support for WiMAX Devices</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- NetworkManager now supports Intel WiMAX mobile broadband devices. A
- corresponding device type (<code class="literal">NM_DEVICE_TYPE_WIMAX</code>) and
- a new <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.WiMax" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.WiMax</code></a>
- D-Bus interface have been added. Furthermore, to support connection to
- different WiMAX Network Service Providers (NSPs) the
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.WiMax.Nsp" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.WiMax.Nsp</code></a>
- interface has been added to access information about each available
- WiMAX network.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> update code that handles
- devices and/or displays status to users to recognize the new device type,
- and to display available WiMAX NSPs similar to how WiFi Access Points
- are displayed. Also update code that creates new connections to allow
- creation of new WiMAX connections.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id565603"></a>New Device States</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- A few <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#type-NM_DEVICE_STATE" target="_top">new device states</a>
- have been added, and all device states have been renumbered for flexibility.
- The new devices states IP_CHECK, SECONDARIES, and DEACTIVATING.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> where code checks device state
- or shows UI indication of the device's state, make sure the new device
- states are processed correctly, and that code in switch()-type statements
- is updated to handle the new states.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id534542"></a>New Active Connection State</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Along with the new device states, an
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#type-NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_STATE" target="_top">additional
- ActiveConnection state</a> has been added: DEACTIVATING. This state
- is entered when the connection is being torn down and deactivated.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> where code checks active
- connection states or shows UI indication of active connection states, make
- sure the DEACTIVATING state is processed correctly, and that code in
- switch()-type statements is updated to handle it.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id533386"></a>Consolidated Modem Devices</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Many new mobile broadband devices support multiple access families, like
- Qualcomm Gobi cards (CDMA/EVDO and GSM/UMTS), or multi-mode EVDO/LTE
- or UMTS/LTE modems like the Pantech UML290. The previous hard split
- between CDMA/EVDO and GSM/UMTS device classes was not flexible enough to
- deal with these new multi-mode devices. Thus the previously separate
- CDMA and GSM device classes have been combined into a single Modem
- device class, which exposes both hardware "ModemCapabilities" and
- runtime "CurrentCapabilities" which represent generic access technology
- families like CDMA/EVDO, GSM/UMTS, and LTE which the device supports.
- ModemCapabilities indicate all the access technology families which the
- modem is capable of supporting, while CurrentCapabilities indicate the
- immediate access technology families the device supports without reloading
- the firmware and thus restarting the device.
- </p>
-<p>
- Along with this change, the
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Serial</code>
- interface has been removed as it's functionality will be incorporated
- into the
- <a class="ulink" href="spec.html#org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Modem" target="_top">
- <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Modem</code></a>
- interface in the future.
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> combine code that checks for
- the old CDMA and GSM device types, and instead handle the new Modem device
- type. Where behavior must change based on the capabilities of the device,
- check the CurrentCapabilities device property to determine whether to
- treat the device as CDMA, GSM, or LTE for purposes of configuration and
- status.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id514244"></a>Secret Property Flags</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- In the Connection object's configuration properties, each setting's secret
- properties (like WiFi passphrases, or public key passwords, etc) now has
- an associated "flags" property that changes how NetworkManager treats the
- secret. The "flags" property is a bitfield of one or more of the
- following values:
- </p>
-<div class="table">
-<a name="id514253"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 18. </b></p>
-<div class="table-contents"><table border="1">
-<colgroup>
-<col>
-<col>
-</colgroup>
-<thead><tr>
-<th>Flag Value</th>
-<th>Meaning</th>
-</tr></thead>
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x00 (none)</pre></td>
-<td>
- NetworkManager is responsible for providing and storing this
- secret (default)
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x01 (agent-owned)</pre></td>
-<td>
- A user secret agent is responsible for providing and storing
- this secret; when it is required agents will be asked to
- retrieve it
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x02 (not saved)</pre></td>
-<td>
- The secret is not saved, and should be requested each time it
- is required. Used for OTP/token configurations where the
- secret changes periodically, or if the user simply wants to
- manually enter the secret each time.
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">0x04 (not required)</pre></td>
-<td>
- In situations where it cannot be automatically determined that
- the secret is required (some VPNs and PPP providers dont require
- all possible secrets) this flag indicates that the specific
- secret is not required.
- </td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<p><br class="table-break">
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> user interface code which
- handles entry of connection secrets should be updated to read and set
- secret flags. For example, code that creates new VPN connections may want
- to set the "agent-owned" flag to ensure that the user's VPN password is
- not available to all users. EAP-TLS and VPN interface code might add a
- checkbox that toggles the "not saved" bit to indicate that the
- password/PIN code should be requested from a hardware token each time it
- is required.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="section">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id529216"></a>Deprecated Methods Removed</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- A few methods and signals of the <code class="literal">org.freedesktop.NetworkManager</code>
- interface deprecated in version 0.7 have been removed. All the
- replacement methods and signals have existed since version 0.7 and so are
- not new to this version of NetworkManager, but some older programs may
- be using removed items. The following table lists the removed items and
- their replacements:
- </p>
-<div class="table">
-<a name="id529230"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 19. </b></p>
-<div class="table-contents"><table border="1">
-<colgroup>
-<col>
-<col>
-</colgroup>
-<thead><tr>
-<th>Removed Item</th>
-<th>Replacement</th>
-</tr></thead>
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">StateChange signal</pre></td>
-<td>
- Use the <code class="literal">StateChanged</code> signal, which has the
- same arguments.
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><pre class="screen">sleep() and wake() methods</pre></td>
-<td>
- Use the <code class="literal">Sleep()</code> method instead, which takes
- a boolean argument indicating whether NetworkManager should
- go to sleep or wake up.
- </td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<p><br class="table-break">
- </p>
-<p>
- <span class="strong"><strong>Action:</strong></span> update code to use these
- replacement methods and properties where it used old deprecated ones
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