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Trying to build xcb on a system without SHM wrapped by xcb. The right
answer would be to build libxcb-shm. The quick answer is to compile out
shm support.
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Still an experimental backend, it's now a little too late to stabilise
for 1.10, but this should represent a major step forward in its feature
set and an attempt to catch up with all the bug fixes that have been
performed on xlib. Notably not tested yet (and expected to be broken)
are mixed-endian connections and low bitdepth servers (the dithering
support has not been copied over for instance). However, it seems robust
enough for daily use...
Of particular note in this update is that the xcb surface is now capable
of subverting the xlib surface through the ./configure --enable-xlib-xcb
option. This replaces the xlib surface with a proxy that forwards all
operations to an equivalent xcb surface whilst preserving the cairo-xlib
API that is required for compatibility with the existing applications,
for instance GTK+ and Mozilla. Also you can experiment with enabling a
DRM bypass, though you need to be extremely foolhardy to do so.
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Write a dedicated compositor for pixman so that we avoid the
middle-layer syndrome of surface-fallback. The major upshot of this
rewrite is that the image surface is now several times quicker for glyph
compositing, which dramatically improves performance for text rendering
by firefox and friends. It also uses a couple of the new scan
convertors, such as the rectangular scan converter for rectilinear
paths.
Speedups
========
image-rgba firefox-talos-gfx-0 342050.17 (342155.88 0.02%) -> 69412.44 (69702.90 0.21%): 4.93x speedup
███▉
image-rgba vim-0 97518.13 (97696.23 1.21%) -> 30712.63 (31238.65 0.85%): 3.18x speedup
██▏
image-rgba evolution-0 69927.77 (110261.08 19.84%) -> 24430.05 (25368.85 1.89%): 2.86x speedup
█▉
image-rgba poppler-0 41452.61 (41547.03 2.51%) -> 21195.52 (21656.85 1.08%): 1.96x speedup
█
image-rgba firefox-planet-gnome-0 217512.61 (217636.80 0.06%) -> 123341.02 (123641.94 0.12%): 1.76x speedup
▊
image-rgba swfdec-youtube-0 41302.71 (41373.60 0.11%) -> 31343.93 (31488.87 0.23%): 1.32x speedup
▍
image-rgba swfdec-giant-steps-0 20699.54 (20739.52 0.10%) -> 17360.19 (17375.51 0.04%): 1.19x speedup
▎
image-rgba gvim-0 167837.47 (168027.68 0.51%) -> 151105.94 (151635.85 0.18%): 1.11x speedup
▏
image-rgba firefox-talos-svg-0 375273.43 (388250.94 1.60%) -> 356846.09 (370370.08 1.86%): 1.05x speedup
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By preallocating in our data segment a couple of solid patterns for the
stock colours, it becomes more convenient when using those in surface
operations, such as when clearing.
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The device is a generic method for accessing the underlying interface
with the native graphics subsystem, typically the X connection or
perhaps the GL context. By exposing a cairo_device_t on a surface and
its various methods we enable finer control over interoperability with
external interactions of the device by applications. The use case in
mind is, for example, a multi-threaded gstreamer which needs to serialise
its own direct access to the device along with Cairo's across many
threads.
Secondly, the cairo_device_t is a unifying API for the mismash of
backend specific methods for controlling creation of surfaces with
explicit devices and a convenient hook for debugging and introspection.
The principal components of the API are the memory management of:
cairo_device_reference(),
cairo_device_finish() and
cairo_device_destroy();
along with a pair of routines for serialising interaction:
cairo_device_acquire() and
cairo_device_release()
and a method to flush any outstanding accesses:
cairo_device_flush().
The device for a particular surface may be retrieved using:
cairo_surface_get_device().
The device returned is owned by the surface.
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A pending commit will want to include some utility code from cairo and
so we need to extricate the error handling from the PLT symbol hiding.
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Compositing of alpha-only sources is not throughly tested and
as a consequence the misbehaviour of some backends is not
shown by the test suite.
[ickle: Added XFAILs for pdf, ps, svg.]
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XCB avoids the dreaded abort on XError mechanism by forcing the client
to perform deferred error checking. So do so. This allows us to combine
the fire-and-forget rendering model with accurate error checking,
without killing the client or mixing our errors with theirs.
XCB for the win!
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Handling clip as part of the surface state, as opposed to being part of
the operation state, is cumbersome and a hindrance to providing true proxy
surface support. For example, the clip must be copied from the surface
onto the fallback image, but this was forgotten causing undue hassle in
each backend. Another example is the contortion the meta surface
endures to ensure the clip is correctly recorded. By contrast passing the
clip along with the operation is quite simple and enables us to write
generic handlers for providing surface wrappers. (And in the future, we
should be able to write more esoteric wrappers, e.g. automatic 2x FSAA,
trivially.)
In brief, instead of the surface automatically applying the clip before
calling the backend, the backend can call into a generic helper to apply
clipping. For raster surfaces, clip regions are handled automatically as
part of the composite interface. For vector surfaces, a clip helper is
introduced to replay and callback into an intersect_clip_path() function
as necessary.
Whilst this is not primarily a performance related change (the change
should just move the computation of the clip from the moment it is applied
by the user to the moment it is required by the backend), it is important
to track any potential regression:
ppc:
Speedups
========
image-rgba evolution-20090607-0 1026085.22 0.18% -> 672972.07 0.77%: 1.52x speedup
▌
image-rgba evolution-20090618-0 680579.98 0.12% -> 573237.66 0.16%: 1.19x speedup
▎
image-rgba swfdec-fill-rate-4xaa-0 460296.92 0.36% -> 407464.63 0.42%: 1.13x speedup
▏
image-rgba swfdec-fill-rate-2xaa-0 128431.95 0.47% -> 115051.86 0.42%: 1.12x speedup
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Slowdowns
=========
image-rgba firefox-periodic-table-0 56837.61 0.78% -> 66055.17 3.20%: 1.09x slowdown
▏
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Update show_glyphs() interface.
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Most drivers and the X server used to have incorrect RepeatPad/RepeatReflect
implementations, forcing cairo to fall back to client-side software rendering,
which is painfully slow due to pixmaps being transfered over the wire. These
issues are mostly fixed in the drivers (with the exception of radeonhd, whose
developers didn't respond) and the RepeatPad software fallback is implemented
correctly as of pixman-0.15.0, so this patch will hand off composite operations
with EXTEND_PAD/EXTEND_REFLECT source patterns to XRender.
There is no way to detect whether the X server or the drivers use a
broken Render implementation, we make a guess based on the server
version: It's probably safe to assume that 1.7 X servers will use
fixed drivers and a recent enough version of pixman.
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This patch adds more implementation of the snapshot method. For
surface types where acquire_source_image is already making a copy
of the bits, doing another one as is the case for the fallback
implementation is a waste.
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Allow the caller to choose whether or not various conversions take place.
The first flag is used to disable the expansion of reflected patterns into a
repeating surface.
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Damian Frank noted
[http://lists.cairographics.org/archives/cairo/2009-May/017095.html]
a performance problem with an older XServer with an
unaccelerated composite - similar problems will be seen with non-XRender
servers which will trigger extraneous fallbacks. The problem he found was
that painting an ARGB32 image onto an RGB24 destination window (using
SOURCE) was going via the RENDER protocol and not core. He was able to
demonstrate that this could be worked around by declaring the pixel data as
an RGB24 image. The issue is that the image is uploaded into a temporary
pixmap of matching depth (i.e. 32 bit for ARGB32 and 24 bit for RGB23
data), however the core protocol can only blit between Drawables of
matching depth - so without the work-around the Drawables are mismatched
and we either need to use RENDER or fallback.
This patch adds a content mask to _cairo_surface_clone_similar() to
provide the extra bit of information to the backends for when it is
possible for them to drop channels from the clone. This is used by the
xlib backend to only create a 24 bit source when blitting to a Window.
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Usually, rectangles are more useful than boxes, so regions should only
expose rectangles in their public API.
Specifically,
_cairo_region_num_boxes becomes _cairo_region_num_rectangles
_cairo_region_get_box becomes _cairo_region_get_rectangle
Remove the cairo_box_int_t type
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The _cairo_region_get_boxes() interface was difficult to use and often
caused unnecessary memory allocation. With _cairo_region_get_box() it
is possible to access the boxes of a region without allocating a big
temporary array.
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Otherwise this may leads to an invalid memory access to r.
Fixes: Bug 18588 - XCB backend fails with missing render.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18588
Signed-off-by: Julien Danjou <julien@danjou.info>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
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A surface will have the chance to use span rendering at cairo_fill()
time by creating a renderer for a specific combination of
pattern/dst/op before the path is scan converted. The protocol is to
first call check_span_renderer() to see if the surface wants to render
with spans and then later call create_span_renderer() to create the
renderer for real once the extents of the path are known.
No backends have an implementation yet.
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Allow the user to pass in a pre-allocated array and use it if the number
of boxes permits. This eliminates the frequent allocations during clipping
by toolkits.
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Only copy the pattern if we need to modify it, e.g. preserve a copy in a
snapshot or a soft-mask, or to modify the matrix. Otherwise we can
continue to use the original pattern and mark it as const in order to
generate compiler warnings if we do attempt to write to it.
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Adrian Johnson discovered cases where we mistakenly compared the result
of unsigned arithmetic where we need signed quantities. Look for similar
cases in the users of cairo_rectangle_int_t.
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After discussing the scaled font locking with Behdad, it transpired that it
is not sufficient for a font to be locked for the lifetime of a scaled glyph,
but that the scaled font's glyph cache must be frozen for the glyph'
lifetime. If the cache is not frozen, then there is a possibility that the
glyph may be evicted before the reference goes out of scope i.e. the glyph
becomes invalid whilst we are trying to use it.
Since the freezing of the cache is the stronger barrier, we remove the
locking/unlocking of the mutex from the backends and instead move the
mutex acquisition into the freeze/thaw routines. Then update the rule on
acquiring glyphs to enforce that the cache is frozen and review the usage
of freeze/thaw by all the backends to ensure that the cache is frozen for
the lifetime of the glyph.
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Avoid masking fatal errors by enforcing any error to be returned via an
error surface, so that the NULL return only means UNSUPPORTED. A few
backends called their create_similar() directly, without correctly checking
for a potential NULL (for example, the directfb backend was a timebomb,
since it used NULL to indicate out-of-memory).
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_cairo_xcb_surface_is_similar() is currently only used by the pattern
cache to determine whether to keep the surface in the solid color cache.
This is fundamentally broken without hooking into Display closure as it
keeps a reference to an expired picture. So in order to prevent spurious
application crashes, disable the caching for xcb.
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Must compile xcb more often. Especially after copying code over from xlib.
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_surfaces_compatible in cairo-xlib-surface returns true for surfaces with
different xrender_format when each has the same depth and no (NULL)
visual.
Common picture formats will not have the same depth, but
it is possible to create a surface with a non-standard xrender_format
having the same depth as another xrender_format with
cairo_xlib_surface_create_with_xrender_format.
Both cairo_xlib_surface_create_with_xrender_format and
_cairo_xlib_surface_create_similar_with_format create surfaces with no
visual.
The same issue exists in the xcb backend.
Fixes bug https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16564.
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A little bit of sleep and reflection suggested that the use of
device_offset_[xy] was confusing and clone_offset_[xy] more consistent
with the function naming.
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Previously the rule for clone_similar() was that the returned surface
had exactly the same size as the original, but only the contents within
the region of interest needed to be copied. This caused failures for very
large images in the xlib-backend (see test/large-source).
The obvious solution to allow cloning only the region of interest seemed
to be to simply set the device offset on the cloned surface. However, this
fails as a) nothing respects the device offset on the surface at that
layer in the compositing stack and b) possibly returning references to the
original source surface provides further confusion by mixing in another
source of device offset.
The second method was to add extra out parameters so that the
device offset could be returned separately and, for example, mixed into
the pattern matrix. Not as elegant, a couple of extra warts to the
interface, but it works - one less XFAIL...
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Instead of allocating the union of all possible pattern types, just
allocate the specific pattern as used by the function in order to trim
the stack space consumption and flag potential misuse.
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When adding remaining_glyphs argument to show_glyphs(), I missed
a few places.
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Originally reported here:
http://lists.cairographics.org/archives/cairo/2008-May/014032.html
and analyized later in the thread.
Change (font and surface) backend show_glyphs() API to take a
int *remaining_glyphs argument. It's used to communicate to the caller,
by way of setting remaining_glyphs and returning INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED,
that some of the glyphs were shown but not the others. The xlib backend
now correctly uses this to handle failure to upload a glyph to the server.
So the large-font test passes now.
An alternative approach could be to add some public value for glyphs
indices that are not shown. -1 perhaps (the xlib backend already uses
that value internally). Then instead of remaining_glyphs, a backend
could simply set glyph indices of glyphs shown to that -1 value.
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cairo_rectangle_int16_t was being used in a number of places instead
of cairo_rectangle_int_t, which led to memory corruption when cairo was
using a fixed point format with a bigger space than 16.16 (such as 24.8).
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Unexport all the static error surfaces and use a function to select
the appropriate error surface for the status.
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Every time we assign or return a hard-coded error status wrap that value
with a call to _cairo_error(). So the idiom becomes:
status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
or
return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_DASH);
This ensures that a breakpoint placed on _cairo_error() will trigger
immediately cairo detects the error.
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Blitz all allocations to ensure that they raise a
_cairo_error(CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY) on failure.
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This reverts commit 919bea6dbb32746f11781cd3a94eb44f5c4a32e6.
Sadly as Behdad points out some backends do modify the glyph array and,
for example cairo-xlib-surface, hide this from the compiler with some
evil casts.
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Skip the memory duplication of the incoming glyphs if we do not need
to transform them into the backend coordinate system.
As a consequence we need to constify the glyphs passed to the backend
functions.
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Seems like all over the code, we have been using negated device_offset
values for glyph surfaces. Here is all the math(!):
A device_transform converts from device space (a conceptual space) to
surface space. For simple cases of translation only, it's called a
device_offset and is public API (cairo_surface_[gs]et_device_offset).
A possibly better name for those functions could have been
cairo_surface_[gs]et_origing. So, that's what they do: they set where
the device-space origin (0,0) is in the surface. If the origin is inside
the surface, device_offset values are positive. It may look like this:
Device space:
(-x,-y) <-- negative numbers
+----------------+
| . |
| . |
|......(0,0) <---|-- device-space origin
| |
| |
+----------------+
(width-x,height-y)
Surface space:
(0,0) <-- surface-space origin
+---------------+
| . |
| . |
|......(x,y) <--|-- device_offset
| |
| |
+---------------+
(width,height)
In other words: device_offset is the coordinates of the device-space
origin relative to the top-left of the surface.
We use device offsets in a couple of places:
- Public API: To let toolkits like Gtk+ give user a surface that
only represents part of the final destination (say, the expose
area), but has the same device space as the destination. In these
cases device_offset is typically negative. Example:
application window
+---------------+
| . |
| (x,y). |
|......+---+ |
| | | <--|-- expose area
| +---+ |
+---------------+
In this case, the user of cairo API can set the device_space on
the expose area to (-x,-y) to move the device space origin to that
of the application window, such that drawing in the expose area
surface and painting it in the application window has the same
effect as drawing in the application window directly. Gtk+ has
been using this feature.
- Glyph surfaces: In most font rendering systems, glyph surfaces
have an origin at (0,0) and a bounding box that is typically
represented as (x_bearing,y_bearing,width,height). Depending on
which way y progresses in the system, y_bearing may typically be
negative (for systems similar to cairo, with origin at top left),
or be positive (in systems like PDF with origin at bottom left).
No matter which is the case, it is important to note that
(x_bearing,y_bearing) is the coordinates of top-left of the glyph
relative to the glyph origin. That is, for example:
Scaled-glyph space:
(x_bearing,y_bearing) <-- negative numbers
+----------------+
| . |
| . |
|......(0,0) <---|-- glyph origin
| |
| |
+----------------+
(width+x_bearing,height+y_bearing)
Note the similarity of the origin to the device space. That is
exactly how we use the device_offset to represent scaled glyphs:
to use the device-space origin as the glyph origin.
Now compare the scaled-glyph space to device-space and surface-space
and convince yourself that:
(x_bearing,y_bearing) = (-x,-y) = - device_offset
That's right. If you are not convinced yet, contrast the definition
of the two:
"(x_bearing,y_bearing) is the coordinates of top-left of the
glyph relative to the glyph origin."
"In other words: device_offset is the coordinates of the
device-space origin relative to the top-left of the surface."
and note that glyph origin = device-space origin.
So, that was the bug. Fixing it removed lots of wonders and magic
negation signs.
The way I discovered the bug was that in the user-font API, to make
rendering the glyph from meta-surface to an image-surface work I had
to do:
cairo_surface_set_device_offset (surface, -x_bearing, -y_bearing);
_cairo_meta_surface_replay (meta_surface, surface);
cairo_surface_set_device_offset (surface, x_bearing, y_bearing);
This suggested that the use of device_offset for glyph origin is
different from its use for rendering with meta-surface. This reminded
me of the large comment in the xlib backend blaming XRender for having
weird glyph space, and of a similar problem I had in the PS backend
for bitmap glyph positioning (see d47388ad759b0a1a0869655a87d9b5eb6ae2445d)
...those are all fixed now.
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Fix some introduced mallocs as a result of the fixed point patches.
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Insulate region-using code from implementation details;
at some point we'll want to switch to using 32-bit regions.
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Mostly s/cairo_rectangle_int16_t/cairo_rectangle_int_t/,
as well as definitions to pick cairo_rectangle_int_t.
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