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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt')
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diff --git a/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt b/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2451f551c505 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +This brief document describes how to use the kernel's PPPoL2TP driver +to provide L2TP functionality. L2TP is a protocol that tunnels one or +more PPP sessions over a UDP tunnel. It is commonly used for VPNs +(L2TP/IPSec) and by ISPs to tunnel subscriber PPP sessions over an IP +network infrastructure. + +Design +====== + +The PPPoL2TP driver, drivers/net/pppol2tp.c, provides a mechanism by +which PPP frames carried through an L2TP session are passed through +the kernel's PPP subsystem. The standard PPP daemon, pppd, handles all +PPP interaction with the peer. PPP network interfaces are created for +each local PPP endpoint. + +The L2TP protocol http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2661.html defines L2TP +control and data frames. L2TP control frames carry messages between +L2TP clients/servers and are used to setup / teardown tunnels and +sessions. An L2TP client or server is implemented in userspace and +will use a regular UDP socket per tunnel. L2TP data frames carry PPP +frames, which may be PPP control or PPP data. The kernel's PPP +subsystem arranges for PPP control frames to be delivered to pppd, +while data frames are forwarded as usual. + +Each tunnel and session within a tunnel is assigned a unique tunnel_id +and session_id. These ids are carried in the L2TP header of every +control and data packet. The pppol2tp driver uses them to lookup +internal tunnel and/or session contexts. Zero tunnel / session ids are +treated specially - zero ids are never assigned to tunnels or sessions +in the network. In the driver, the tunnel context keeps a pointer to +the tunnel UDP socket. The session context keeps a pointer to the +PPPoL2TP socket, as well as other data that lets the driver interface +to the kernel PPP subsystem. + +Note that the pppol2tp kernel driver handles only L2TP data frames; +L2TP control frames are simply passed up to userspace in the UDP +tunnel socket. The kernel handles all datapath aspects of the +protocol, including data packet resequencing (if enabled). + +There are a number of requirements on the userspace L2TP daemon in +order to use the pppol2tp driver. + +1. Use a UDP socket per tunnel. + +2. Create a single PPPoL2TP socket per tunnel bound to a special null + session id. This is used only for communicating with the driver but + must remain open while the tunnel is active. Opening this tunnel + management socket causes the driver to mark the tunnel socket as an + L2TP UDP encapsulation socket and flags it for use by the + referenced tunnel id. This hooks up the UDP receive path via + udp_encap_rcv() in net/ipv4/udp.c. PPP data frames are never passed + in this special PPPoX socket. + +3. Create a PPPoL2TP socket per L2TP session. This is typically done + by starting pppd with the pppol2tp plugin and appropriate + arguments. A PPPoL2TP tunnel management socket (Step 2) must be + created before the first PPPoL2TP session socket is created. + +When creating PPPoL2TP sockets, the application provides information +to the driver about the socket in a socket connect() call. Source and +destination tunnel and session ids are provided, as well as the file +descriptor of a UDP socket. See struct pppol2tp_addr in +include/linux/if_ppp.h. Note that zero tunnel / session ids are +treated specially. When creating the per-tunnel PPPoL2TP management +socket in Step 2 above, zero source and destination session ids are +specified, which tells the driver to prepare the supplied UDP file +descriptor for use as an L2TP tunnel socket. + +Userspace may control behavior of the tunnel or session using +setsockopt and ioctl on the PPPoX socket. The following socket +options are supported:- + +DEBUG - bitmask of debug message categories. See below. +SENDSEQ - 0 => don't send packets with sequence numbers + 1 => send packets with sequence numbers +RECVSEQ - 0 => receive packet sequence numbers are optional + 1 => drop receive packets without sequence numbers +LNSMODE - 0 => act as LAC. + 1 => act as LNS. +REORDERTO - reorder timeout (in millisecs). If 0, don't try to reorder. + +Only the DEBUG option is supported by the special tunnel management +PPPoX socket. + +In addition to the standard PPP ioctls, a PPPIOCGL2TPSTATS is provided +to retrieve tunnel and session statistics from the kernel using the +PPPoX socket of the appropriate tunnel or session. + +Debugging +========= + +The driver supports a flexible debug scheme where kernel trace +messages may be optionally enabled per tunnel and per session. Care is +needed when debugging a live system since the messages are not +rate-limited and a busy system could be swamped. Userspace uses +setsockopt on the PPPoX socket to set a debug mask. + +The following debug mask bits are available: + +PPPOL2TP_MSG_DEBUG verbose debug (if compiled in) +PPPOL2TP_MSG_CONTROL userspace - kernel interface +PPPOL2TP_MSG_SEQ sequence numbers handling +PPPOL2TP_MSG_DATA data packets + +Sample Userspace Code +===================== + +1. Create tunnel management PPPoX socket + + kernel_fd = socket(AF_PPPOX, SOCK_DGRAM, PX_PROTO_OL2TP); + if (kernel_fd >= 0) { + struct sockaddr_pppol2tp sax; + struct sockaddr_in const *peer_addr; + + peer_addr = l2tp_tunnel_get_peer_addr(tunnel); + memset(&sax, 0, sizeof(sax)); + sax.sa_family = AF_PPPOX; + sax.sa_protocol = PX_PROTO_OL2TP; + sax.pppol2tp.fd = udp_fd; /* fd of tunnel UDP socket */ + sax.pppol2tp.addr.sin_addr.s_addr = peer_addr->sin_addr.s_addr; + sax.pppol2tp.addr.sin_port = peer_addr->sin_port; + sax.pppol2tp.addr.sin_family = AF_INET; + sax.pppol2tp.s_tunnel = tunnel_id; + sax.pppol2tp.s_session = 0; /* special case: mgmt socket */ + sax.pppol2tp.d_tunnel = 0; + sax.pppol2tp.d_session = 0; /* special case: mgmt socket */ + + if(connect(kernel_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sax, sizeof(sax) ) < 0 ) { + perror("connect failed"); + result = -errno; + goto err; + } + } + +2. Create session PPPoX data socket + + struct sockaddr_pppol2tp sax; + int fd; + + /* Note, the target socket must be bound already, else it will not be ready */ + sax.sa_family = AF_PPPOX; + sax.sa_protocol = PX_PROTO_OL2TP; + sax.pppol2tp.fd = tunnel_fd; + sax.pppol2tp.addr.sin_addr.s_addr = addr->sin_addr.s_addr; + sax.pppol2tp.addr.sin_port = addr->sin_port; + sax.pppol2tp.addr.sin_family = AF_INET; + sax.pppol2tp.s_tunnel = tunnel_id; + sax.pppol2tp.s_session = session_id; + sax.pppol2tp.d_tunnel = peer_tunnel_id; + sax.pppol2tp.d_session = peer_session_id; + + /* session_fd is the fd of the session's PPPoL2TP socket. + * tunnel_fd is the fd of the tunnel UDP socket. + */ + fd = connect(session_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sax, sizeof(sax)); + if (fd < 0 ) { + return -errno; + } + return 0; + +Miscellanous +============ + +The PPPoL2TP driver was developed as part of the OpenL2TP project by +Katalix Systems Ltd. OpenL2TP is a full-featured L2TP client / server, +designed from the ground up to have the L2TP datapath in the +kernel. The project also implemented the pppol2tp plugin for pppd +which allows pppd to use the kernel driver. Details can be found at +http://openl2tp.sourceforge.net. |