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sys_migrate_pages implementation using swap based page migration
This is the original API proposed by Ray Bryant in his posts during the first
half of 2005 on linux-mm@kvack.org and linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
The intent of sys_migrate is to migrate memory of a process. A process may
have migrated to another node. Memory was allocated optimally for the prior
context. sys_migrate_pages allows to shift the memory to the new node.
sys_migrate_pages is also useful if the processes available memory nodes have
changed through cpuset operations to manually move the processes memory. Paul
Jackson is working on an automated mechanism that will allow an automatic
migration if the cpuset of a process is changed. However, a user may decide
to manually control the migration.
This implementation is put into the policy layer since it uses concepts and
functions that are also needed for mbind and friends. The patch also provides
a do_migrate_pages function that may be useful for cpusets to automatically
move memory. sys_migrate_pages does not modify policies in contrast to Ray's
implementation.
The current code here is based on the swap based page migration capability and
thus is not able to preserve the physical layout relative to it containing
nodeset (which may be a cpuset). When direct page migration becomes available
then the implementation needs to be changed to do a isomorphic move of pages
between different nodesets. The current implementation simply evicts all
pages in source nodeset that are not in the target nodeset.
Patch supports ia64, i386 and x86_64.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Add page migration support via swap to the NUMA policy layer
This patch adds page migration support to the NUMA policy layer. An
additional flag MPOL_MF_MOVE is introduced for mbind. If MPOL_MF_MOVE is
specified then pages that do not conform to the memory policy will be evicted
from memory. When they get pages back in new pages will be allocated
following the numa policy.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Include page migration if the system is NUMA or having a memory model that
allows distinct areas of memory (SPARSEMEM, DISCONTIGMEM).
And:
- Only include lru_add_drain_per_cpu if building for an SMP system.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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This adds the basic page migration function with a minimal implementation that
only allows the eviction of pages to swap space.
Page eviction and migration may be useful to migrate pages, to suspend
programs or for remapping single pages (useful for faulty pages or pages with
soft ECC failures)
The process is as follows:
The function wanting to migrate pages must first build a list of pages to be
migrated or evicted and take them off the lru lists via isolate_lru_page().
isolate_lru_page determines that a page is freeable based on the LRU bit set.
Then the actual migration or swapout can happen by calling migrate_pages().
migrate_pages does its best to migrate or swapout the pages and does multiple
passes over the list. Some pages may only be swappable if they are not dirty.
migrate_pages may start writing out dirty pages in the initial passes over
the pages. However, migrate_pages may not be able to migrate or evict all
pages for a variety of reasons.
The remaining pages may be returned to the LRU lists using putback_lru_pages().
Changelog V4->V5:
- Use the lru caches to return pages to the LRU
Changelog V3->V4:
- Restructure code so that applying patches to support full migration does
require minimal changes. Rename swapout_pages() to migrate_pages().
Changelog V2->V3:
- Extract common code from shrink_list() and swapout_pages()
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <kravetz@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: "Michael Kerrisk" <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Add PF_SWAPWRITE to control a processes permission to write to swap.
- Use PF_SWAPWRITE in may_write_to_queue() instead of checking for kswapd
and pdflush
- Set PF_SWAPWRITE flag for kswapd and pdflush
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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This is the start of the `swap migration' patch series.
Swap migration allows the moving of the physical location of pages between
nodes in a numa system while the process is running. This means that the
virtual addresses that the process sees do not change. However, the system
rearranges the physical location of those pages.
The main intent of page migration patches here is to reduce the latency of
memory access by moving pages near to the processor where the process
accessing that memory is running.
The patchset allows a process to manually relocate the node on which its
pages are located through the MF_MOVE and MF_MOVE_ALL options while
setting a new memory policy.
The pages of process can also be relocated from another process using the
sys_migrate_pages() function call. Requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN. The migrate_pages
function call takes two sets of nodes and moves pages of a process that are
located on the from nodes to the destination nodes.
Manual migration is very useful if for example the scheduler has relocated a
process to a processor on a distant node. A batch scheduler or an
administrator can detect the situation and move the pages of the process
nearer to the new processor.
sys_migrate_pages() could be used on non-numa machines as well, to force all
of a particualr process's pages out to swap, if someone thinks that's useful.
Larger installations usually partition the system using cpusets into sections
of nodes. Paul has equipped cpusets with the ability to move pages when a
task is moved to another cpuset. This allows automatic control over locality
of a process. If a task is moved to a new cpuset then also all its pages are
moved with it so that the performance of the process does not sink
dramatically (as is the case today).
Swap migration works by simply evicting the page. The pages must be faulted
back in. The pages are then typically reallocated by the system near the node
where the process is executing.
For swap migration the destination of the move is controlled by the allocation
policy. Cpusets set the allocation policy before calling sys_migrate_pages()
in order to move the pages as intended.
No allocation policy changes are performed for sys_migrate_pages(). This
means that the pages may not faulted in to the specified nodes if no
allocation policy was set by other means. The pages will just end up near the
node where the fault occurred.
There's another patch series in the pipeline which implements "direct
migration".
The direct migration patchset extends the migration functionality to avoid
going through swap. The destination node of the relation is controllable
during the actual moving of pages. The crutch of using the allocation policy
to relocate is not necessary and the pages are moved directly to the target.
Its also faster since swap is not used.
And sys_migrate_pages() can then move pages directly to the specified node.
Implement functions to isolate pages from the LRU and put them back later.
This patch:
An earlier implementation was provided by Hirokazu Takahashi
<taka@valinux.co.jp> and IWAMOTO Toshihiro <iwamoto@valinux.co.jp> for the
memory hotplug project.
From: Magnus
This breaks out isolate_lru_page() and putpack_lru_page(). Needed for swap
migration.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <magnus.damm@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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swap migration's isolate_lru_page() currently uses an IPI to notify other
processors that the lru caches need to be drained if the page cannot be
found on the LRU. The IPI interrupt may interrupt a processor that is just
processing lru requests and cause a race condition.
This patch introduces a new function run_on_each_cpu() that uses the
keventd() to run the LRU draining on each processor. Processors disable
preemption when dealing the LRU caches (these are per processor) and thus
executing LRU draining from another process is safe.
Thanks to Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> for finding this race
condition.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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As recently there has been lot of traffic on the right values for batch and
high water marks for per_cpu_pagelists. This patch makes these two
variables configurable through /proc interface.
A new tunable /proc/sys/vm/percpu_pagelist_fraction is added. This entry
controls the fraction of pages at most in each zone that are allocated for
each per cpu page list. The min value for this is 8. It means that we
don't allow more than 1/8th of pages in each zone to be allocated in any
single per_cpu_pagelist.
The batch value of each per cpu pagelist is also updated as a result. It
is set to pcp->high/4. The upper limit of batch is (PAGE_SHIFT * 8)
Signed-off-by: Rohit Seth <rohit.seth@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Add /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches. When written to, this will cause the kernel to
discard as much pagecache and/or reclaimable slab objects as it can. THis
operation requires root permissions.
It won't drop dirty data, so the user should run `sync' first.
Caveats:
a) Holds inode_lock for exorbitant amounts of time.
b) Needs to be taught about NUMA nodes: propagate these all the way through
so the discarding can be controlled on a per-node basis.
This is a debugging feature: useful for getting consistent results between
filesystem benchmarks. We could possibly put it under a config option, but
it's less than 300 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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__alloc_percpu and alloc_percpu both take an 'align' argument which is
completely ignored. snmp6_mib_init() in net/ipv6/af_inet6.c attempts to use
it, but it will be ignored. Therefore, remove the 'align' argument and fixup
the lone caller.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Fix compilation with CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG=y and gcc41.
Also remove unneeded declations, add a public function.
drivers/base/memory.c:53: error: static declaration of 'register_memory_notifier' follows non-static declaration
include/linux/memory.h:85: error: previous declaration of 'register_memory_notifier' was here
drivers/base/memory.c:58: error: static declaration of 'unregister_memory_notifier' follows non-static declaration
include/linux/memory.h:86: error: previous declaration of 'unregister_memory_notifier' was here
drivers/base/memory.c:68: error: static declaration of 'register_memory' follows non-static declaration
include/linux/memory.h:73: error: previous declaration of 'register_memory' was here
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Handle NAT of decapsulated IPsec packets by reconstructing the struct flowi
of the original packet from the conntrack information for IPsec policy
checks.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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ip_route_me_harder doesn't use the port numbers of the xfrm lookup and
uses ip_route_input for non-local addresses which doesn't do a xfrm
lookup, ip6_route_me_harder doesn't do a xfrm lookup at all.
Use xfrm_decode_session and do the lookup manually, make sure both
only do the lookup if the packet hasn't been transformed already.
Makeing sure the lookup only happens once needs a new field in the
IP6CB, which exceeds the size of skb->cb. The size of skb->cb is
increased to 48b. Apparently the IPv6 mobile extensions need some
more room anyway.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Move nextheader offset to the IP6CB to make it possible to pass a
packet to ip6_input_finish multiple times and have it skip already
parsed headers. As a nice side effect this gets rid of the manual
hopopts skipping in ip6_input_finish.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Call netfilter hooks before IPsec transforms. Packets visit the
FORWARD/LOCAL_OUT and POST_ROUTING hook before the first encapsulation
and the LOCAL_OUT and POST_ROUTING hook before each following tunnel mode
transform.
Patch from Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>:
Move the loop from dst_output into xfrm4_output/xfrm6_output since they're
the only ones who need to it. xfrm{4,6}_output_one() processes the first SA
all subsequent transport mode SAs and is called in a loop that calls the
netfilter hooks between each two calls.
In order to avoid the tail call issue, I've added the inline function
nf_hook which is nf_hook_slow plus the empty list check.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This is needs to be visible to other architectures using the AMBA
bus and peripherals.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
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Since the ARM AMBA bus is used on MIPS as well as ARM, we need
to make the bus available for other architectures to use. Move
the AMBA include files from include/asm-arm/hardware/ to
include/linux/amba/
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
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Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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And fix trivial warnings that emerged.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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It should return an unsigned value, and fix sk_filter() as well.
Signed-off-by: Kris Katterjohn <kjak@ispwest.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Now when kbuild passes KBUILD_MODNAME with "" do not __stringify it when
used. Remove __stringnify for all users.
This also fixes the output of:
$ ls -l /sys/module/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 2006-01-05 14:24 pcmcia
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 2006-01-05 14:24 pcmcia_core
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2006-01-05 14:24 "processor"
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2006-01-05 14:24 "psmouse"
The quoting of the module names will be gone again.
Thanks to GregKH + Kay Sievers for reproting this.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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Also update the tokenlen calculations to accomodate g_token_size().
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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If someone changes the uid/gid mapping in userland, then we do eventually
want those changes to be propagated to the kernel. Currently the kernel
assumes that it may cache entries forever.
Add an expiration time + garbage collector for idmap entries.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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If the server decides to close the RPC socket, we currently don't actually
respond until either another RPC call is scheduled, or until xprt_autoclose()
gets called by the socket expiry timer (which may be up to 5 minutes
later).
This patch ensures that xprt_autoclose() is called much sooner if the
server closes the socket.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Clean up: Every ULP that uses the in-kernel RPC client, except the NLM
client, sets cl_chatty. There's no reason why NLM shouldn't set it, so
just get rid of cl_chatty and always be verbose.
Test-plan:
Compile with CONFIG_NFS enabled.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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At some point, transport endpoint addresses will no longer be IPv4. To hide
the structure of the rpc_xprt's address field from ULPs and port mappers,
add an API for setting the port number during an RPC bind operation.
Test-plan:
Destructive testing (unplugging the network temporarily). Connectathon
with UDP and TCP. NFSv2/3 and NFSv4 mounting should be carefully checked.
Probably need to rig a server where certain services aren't running, or
that returns an error for some typical operation.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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We'd like to hide fields in rpc_xprt and rpc_clnt from upper layer protocols.
Start by creating an API to force RPC rebind, replacing logic that simply
sets cl_port to zero.
Test-plan:
Destructive testing (unplugging the network temporarily). Connectathon
with UDP and TCP. NFSv2/3 and NFSv4 mounting should be carefully checked.
Probably need to rig a server where certain services aren't running, or
that returns an error for some typical operation.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Add RPC client transport switch support for replacing buffer management
on a per-transport basis.
In the current IPv4 socket transport implementation, RPC buffers are
allocated as needed for each RPC message that is sent. Some transport
implementations may choose to use pre-allocated buffers for encoding,
sending, receiving, and unmarshalling RPC messages, however. For
transports capable of direct data placement, the buffers can be carved
out of a pre-registered area of memory rather than from a slab cache.
Test-plan:
Millions of fsx operations. Performance characterization with "sio" and
"iozone". Use oprofile and other tools to look for significant regression
in CPU utilization.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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If the server receives an NLM cancel call and finds no waiting lock to
cancel, then chances are the lock has already been applied, and the client
just hadn't yet processed the NLM granted callback before it sent the
cancel.
The Open Group text, for example, perimts a server to return either success
(LCK_GRANTED) or failure (LCK_DENIED) in this case. But returning an error
seems more helpful; the client may be able to use it to recognize that a
race has occurred and to recover from the race.
So, modify the relevant functions to return an error in this case.
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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This patch removes ths unused function xdr_decode_string().
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Acked-by: Charles Lever <Charles.Lever@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Upon return of a write delegation, the server will almost always bump the
change attribute. Ensure that we pick up that change so that we don't
invalidate our data cache unnecessarily.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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The SuS states that a call to write() will cause mtime to be updated on
the file. In order to satisfy that requirement, we need to flush out
any cached writes in nfs_getattr().
Speed things up slightly by not committing the writes.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Most NFS server implementations allow up to 64KB reads and writes on the
wire. The Solaris NFS server allows up to a megabyte, for instance.
Now the Linux NFS client supports transfer sizes up to 1MB, too. This will
help reduce protocol and context switch overhead on read/write intensive NFS
workloads, and support larger atomic read and write operations on servers
that support them.
Test-plan:
Connectathon and iozone on mount point with wsize=rsize>32768 over TCP.
Tests with NFS over UDP to verify the maximum RPC payload size cap.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Minor cleanup: inlined bit ops in nfs_page.h can be simpler.
Test plan:
Write-intensive workload against a server that requires COMMITs.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Get rid of some unnecessary intermediate structures
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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The NFSv4 model requires us to complete all RPC calls that might
establish state on the server whether or not the user wants to
interrupt it. We may also need to schedule new work (including
new RPC calls) in order to cancel the new state.
The asynchronous RPC model will allow us to ensure that RPC calls
always complete, but in order to allow for "synchronous" RPC, we
want to add the ability to wait for completion.
The waits are, of course, interruptible.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Shrink the RPC task structure. Instead of storing separate pointers
for task->tk_exit and task->tk_release, put them in a structure.
Also pass the user data pointer as a parameter instead of passing it via
task->tk_calldata. This enables us to nest callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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