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2016-03-04Merge tag 'pm+acpi-4.5-rc7' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+7
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm Pull power management and ACPI fixes from Rafael Wysocki: "Two build fixes for cpufreq drivers (including one for breakage introduced recently) and a fix for a graph tracer crash when used over suspend-to-RAM on x86. Specifics: - Prevent the graph tracer from crashing when used over suspend-to- RAM on x86 by pausing it before invoking do_suspend_lowlevel() and un-pausing it when that function has returned (Todd Brandt). - Fix build issues in the qoriq and mediatek cpufreq drivers related to broken dependencies on THERMAL (Arnd Bergmann)" * tag 'pm+acpi-4.5-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: PM / sleep / x86: Fix crash on graph trace through x86 suspend cpufreq: mediatek: allow building as a module cpufreq: qoriq: allow building as module with THERMAL=m
2016-03-04Merge tag 'arm64-fixes' of ↵Linus Torvalds2-5/+6
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux Pull arm64 fix from Will Deacon: "Arm64 fix for -rc7. Without it, our struct page array can overflow the vmemmap region on systems with a large PHYS_OFFSET. Nothing else on the radar at the moment, so hopefully that's it for 4.5 from us. Summary: Ensure struct page array fits within vmemmap area" * tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: arm64: vmemmap: use virtual projection of linear region
2016-03-03Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds5-14/+17
Pull KVM fixes from Paolo Bonzini: - ARM/MIPS: Fixes for ioctls when copy_from_user returns nonzero - x86: Small fix for Skylake TSC scaling - x86: Improved fix for last week's missed hardware breakpoint bug * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: kvm: x86: Update tsc multiplier on change. mips/kvm: fix ioctl error handling arm/arm64: KVM: Fix ioctl error handling KVM: x86: fix root cause for missed hardware breakpoints
2016-03-03PM / sleep / x86: Fix crash on graph trace through x86 suspendTodd E Brandt1-0/+7
Pause/unpause graph tracing around do_suspend_lowlevel as it has inconsistent call/return info after it jumps to the wakeup vector. The graph trace buffer will otherwise become misaligned and may eventually crash and hang on suspend. To reproduce the issue and test the fix: Run a function_graph trace over suspend/resume and set the graph function to suspend_devices_and_enter. This consistently hangs the system without this fix. Signed-off-by: Todd Brandt <todd.e.brandt@linux.intel.com> Cc: All applicable <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2016-03-02kvm: x86: Update tsc multiplier on change.Owen Hofmann1-5/+9
vmx.c writes the TSC_MULTIPLIER field in vmx_vcpu_load, but only when a vcpu has migrated physical cpus. Record the last value written and update in vmx_vcpu_load on any change, otherwise a cpu migration must occur for TSC frequency scaling to take effect. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: ff2c3a1803775cc72dc6f624b59554956396b0ee Signed-off-by: Owen Hofmann <osh@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2016-03-02mips/kvm: fix ioctl error handlingMichael S. Tsirkin1-2/+2
Returning directly whatever copy_to_user(...) or copy_from_user(...) returns may not do the right thing if there's a pagefault: copy_to_user/copy_from_user return the number of bytes not copied in this case, but ioctls need to return -EFAULT instead. Fix up kvm on mips to do return copy_to_user(...)) ? -EFAULT : 0; and return copy_from_user(...)) ? -EFAULT : 0; everywhere. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2016-03-02Merge tag 'kvm-arm-for-4.5-rc7' of ↵Paolo Bonzini2-2/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvmarm/kvmarm into kvm-master KVM/ARM fixes for 4.5-rc7 - Fix ioctl error handling on the timer path
2016-03-01parisc: Wire up copy_file_range syscallHelge Deller2-1/+3
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2016-03-01parisc: Fix ptrace syscall number and return value modificationHelge Deller2-6/+15
Mike Frysinger reported that his ptrace testcase showed strange behaviour on parisc: It was not possible to avoid a syscall and the return value of a syscall couldn't be changed. To modify a syscall number, we were missing to save the new syscall number to gr20 which is then picked up later in assembly again. The effect that the return value couldn't be changed is a side-effect of another bug in the assembly code. When a process is ptraced, userspace expects each syscall to report entrance and exit of a syscall. If a syscall number was given which doesn't exist, we jumped to the normal syscall exit code instead of informing userspace that the (non-existant) syscall exits. This unexpected behaviour confuses userspace and thus the bug was misinterpreted as if we can't change the return value. This patch fixes both problems and was tested on 64bit kernel with 32bit userspace. Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.0+ Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
2016-03-01parisc: Use parentheses around expression in floppy.hHelge Deller1-1/+1
David Binderman reported a style issue in the floppy.h header file: arch/parisc/include/asm/floppy.h:221: (style) Boolean result is used in bitwise operation. Clarify expression with parentheses. Reported-by: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com> Cc: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com> Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2016-03-01Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparcLinus Torvalds9-6/+68
Pull sparc fixes from David Miller: 1) System call tracing doesn't handle register contents properly across the trace. From Mike Frysinger. 2) Hook up copy_file_range 3) Build fix for 32-bit with newer tools. 4) New sun4v watchdog driver, from Wim Coekaerts. 5) Set context system call has to allow for servicable faults when we flush the register windows to memory * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc: sparc64: Fix sparc64_set_context stack handling. sparc32: Add -Wa,-Av8 to KBUILD_CFLAGS. Add sun4v_wdt watchdog driver sparc: Fix system call tracing register handling. sparc: Hook up copy_file_range syscall.
2016-03-01sparc64: Fix sparc64_set_context stack handling.David S. Miller1-1/+1
Like a signal return, we should use synchronize_user_stack() rather than flush_user_windows(). Reported-by: Ilya Malakhov <ilmalakhovthefirst@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-03-01sparc32: Add -Wa,-Av8 to KBUILD_CFLAGS.David S. Miller1-0/+6
Binutils used to be (erroneously) extremely permissive about instruction usage. But that got fixed and if you don't properly tell it to accept classes of instructions it will fail. This uncovered a specs bug on sparc in gcc where it wouldn't pass the proper options to binutils options. Deal with this in the kernel build by adding -Wa,-Av8 to KBUILD_CFLAGS. Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-02-29arm/arm64: KVM: Fix ioctl error handlingMichael S. Tsirkin2-2/+2
Calling return copy_to_user(...) in an ioctl will not do the right thing if there's a pagefault: copy_to_user returns the number of bytes not copied in this case. Fix up kvm to do return copy_to_user(...)) ? -EFAULT : 0; everywhere. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
2016-02-28Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-7/+15
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner: "This update contains: - Hopefully the last ASM CLAC fixups - A fix for the Quark family related to the IMR lock which makes kexec work again - A off-by-one fix in the MPX code. Ironic, isn't it? - A fix for X86_PAE which addresses once more an unsigned long vs phys_addr_t hickup" * 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/mpx: Fix off-by-one comparison with nr_registers x86/mm: Fix slow_virt_to_phys() for X86_PAE again x86/entry/compat: Add missing CLAC to entry_INT80_32 x86/entry/32: Add an ASM_CLAC to entry_SYSENTER_32 x86/platform/intel/quark: Change the kernel's IMR lock bit to false
2016-02-28Merge branch 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull irq fixes from Thomas Gleixner: "Four small fixes for irqchip drivers: - Add missing low level irq handler initialization on mxs, so interrupts can acutally be delivered - Add a missing barrier to the GIC driver - Two fixes for the GIC-V3-ITS driver, addressing a double EOI write and a cache flush beyond the actual region" * 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: irqchip/gic-v3: Add missing barrier to 32bit version of gic_read_iar() irqchip/mxs: Add missing set_handle_irq() irqchip/gicv3-its: Avoid cache flush beyond ITS_BASERn memory size irqchip/gic-v3-its: Fix double ICC_EOIR write for LPI in EOImode==1
2016-02-27Merge tag 'armsoc-fixes' of ↵Linus Torvalds22-92/+163
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc Pull ARM SoC fixes from Olof Johansson: "We didn't have a batch last week, so this one is slightly larger. None of them are scary though, a handful of fixes for small DT pieces, replacing properties with newer conventions. Highlights: - N900 fix for setting system revision - onenand init fix to avoid filesystem corruption - Clock fix for audio on Beaglebone-x15 - Fixes on shmobile to deal with CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA (default y in 4.6) + misc smaller stuff" * tag 'armsoc-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: MAINTAINERS: Extend info, add wiki and ml for meson arch MAINTAINERS: alpine: add a new maintainer and update the entry ARM: at91/dt: fix typo in sama5d2 pinmux descriptions ARM: OMAP2+: Fix onenand initialization to avoid filesystem corruption Revert "regulator: tps65217: remove tps65217.dtsi file" ARM: shmobile: Remove shmobile_boot_arg ARM: shmobile: Move shmobile_smp_{mpidr, fn, arg}[] from .text to .bss ARM: shmobile: r8a7779: Remove remainings of removed SCU boot setup code ARM: shmobile: Move shmobile_scu_base from .text to .bss ARM: OMAP2+: Fix omap_device for module reload on PM runtime forbid ARM: OMAP2+: Improve omap_device error for driver writers ARM: DTS: am57xx-beagle-x15: Select SYS_CLK2 for audio clocks ARM: dts: am335x/am57xx: replace gpio-key,wakeup with wakeup-source property ARM: OMAP2+: Set system_rev from ATAGS for n900 ARM: dts: orion5x: fix the missing mtd flash on linkstation lswtgl ARM: dts: kirkwood: use unique machine name for ds112 ARM: dts: imx6: remove bogus interrupt-parent from CAAM node
2016-02-27Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds7-13/+13
Merge fixes from Andrew Morton: "10 fixes" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: dax: move writeback calls into the filesystems dax: give DAX clearing code correct bdev ext4: online defrag not supported with DAX ext2, ext4: only set S_DAX for regular inodes block: disable block device DAX by default ocfs2: unlock inode if deleting inode from orphan fails mm: ASLR: use get_random_long() drivers: char: random: add get_random_long() mm: numa: quickly fail allocations for NUMA balancing on full nodes mm: thp: fix SMP race condition between THP page fault and MADV_DONTNEED
2016-02-27Merge tag 'pci-v4.5-fixes-3' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-26/+34
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci Pull PCI fixes from Bjorn Helgaas: "Enumeration: Revert x86 pcibios_alloc_irq() to fix regression (Bjorn Helgaas) Marvell MVEBU host bridge driver: Restrict build to 32-bit ARM (Thierry Reding)" * tag 'pci-v4.5-fixes-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci: PCI: mvebu: Restrict build to 32-bit ARM Revert "PCI, x86: Implement pcibios_alloc_irq() and pcibios_free_irq()" Revert "PCI: Add helpers to manage pci_dev->irq and pci_dev->irq_managed" Revert "x86/PCI: Don't alloc pcibios-irq when MSI is enabled"
2016-02-27mm: ASLR: use get_random_long()Daniel Cashman7-13/+13
Replace calls to get_random_int() followed by a cast to (unsigned long) with calls to get_random_long(). Also address shifting bug which, in case of x86 removed entropy mask for mmap_rnd_bits values > 31 bits. Signed-off-by: Daniel Cashman <dcashman@android.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Nick Kralevich <nnk@google.com> Cc: Jeff Vander Stoep <jeffv@google.com> Cc: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-02-27Revert "PCI, x86: Implement pcibios_alloc_irq() and pcibios_free_irq()"Bjorn Helgaas4-15/+29
991de2e59090 ("PCI, x86: Implement pcibios_alloc_irq() and pcibios_free_irq()") appeared in v4.3 and helps support IOAPIC hotplug. Олег reported that the Elcus-1553 TA1-PCI driver worked in v4.2 but not v4.3 and bisected it to 991de2e59090. Sunjin reported that the RocketRAID 272x driver worked in v4.2 but not v4.3. In both cases booting with "pci=routirq" is a workaround. I think the problem is that after 991de2e59090, we no longer call pcibios_enable_irq() for upstream bridges. Prior to 991de2e59090, when a driver called pci_enable_device(), we recursively called pcibios_enable_irq() for upstream bridges via pci_enable_bridge(). After 991de2e59090, we call pcibios_enable_irq() from pci_device_probe() instead of the pci_enable_device() path, which does *not* call pcibios_enable_irq() for upstream bridges. Revert 991de2e59090 to fix these driver regressions. Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=111211 Fixes: 991de2e59090 ("PCI, x86: Implement pcibios_alloc_irq() and pcibios_free_irq()") Reported-and-tested-by: Олег Мороз <oleg.moroz@mcc.vniiem.ru> Reported-by: Sunjin Yang <fan4326@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org> CC: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@linux.intel.com>
2016-02-26x86/mpx: Fix off-by-one comparison with nr_registersColin Ian King1-1/+1
In the unlikely event that regno == nr_registers then we get an array overrun on regoff because the invalid register check is currently off-by-one. Fix this with a check that regno is >= nr_registers instead. Detected with static analysis using CoverityScan. Fixes: fcc7ffd67991 "x86, mpx: Decode MPX instruction to get bound violation information" Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456512931-3388-1-git-send-email-colin.king@canonical.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2016-02-26arm64: vmemmap: use virtual projection of linear regionArd Biesheuvel2-5/+6
Commit dd006da21646 ("arm64: mm: increase VA range of identity map") made some changes to the memory mapping code to allow physical memory to reside at an offset that exceeds the size of the virtual mapping. However, since the size of the vmemmap area is proportional to the size of the VA area, but it is populated relative to the physical space, we may end up with the struct page array being mapped outside of the vmemmap region. For instance, on my Seattle A0 box, I can see the following output in the dmesg log. vmemmap : 0xffffffbdc0000000 - 0xffffffbfc0000000 ( 8 GB maximum) 0xffffffbfc0000000 - 0xffffffbfd0000000 ( 256 MB actual) We can fix this by deciding that the vmemmap region is not a projection of the physical space, but of the virtual space above PAGE_OFFSET, i.e., the linear region. This way, we are guaranteed that the vmemmap region is of sufficient size, and we can even reduce the size by half. Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-02-26KVM: x86: fix root cause for missed hardware breakpointsPaolo Bonzini1-5/+4
Commit 172b2386ed16 ("KVM: x86: fix missed hardware breakpoints", 2016-02-10) worked around a case where the debug registers are not loaded correctly on preemption and on the first entry to KVM_RUN. However, Xiao Guangrong pointed out that the root cause must be that KVM_DEBUGREG_BP_ENABLED is not being set correctly. This can indeed happen due to the lazy debug exit mechanism, which does not call kvm_update_dr7. Fix it by replacing the existing loop (more or less equivalent to kvm_update_dr0123) with calls to all the kvm_update_dr* functions. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.1+ Fixes: 172b2386ed16a9143d9a456aae5ec87275c61489 Reviewed-by: Xiao Guangrong <guangrong.xiao@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2016-02-25Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds5-14/+16
Pull KVM fixes from Paolo Bonzini: "KVM/ARM fixes: - Fix per-vcpu vgic bitmap allocation - Do not give copy random memory on MMIO read - Fix GICv3 APR register restore order KVM/x86 fixes: - Fix ubsan warning - Fix hardware breakpoints in a guest vs. preempt notifiers - Fix Hurd Generic: - use __GFP_NOWARN together with GFP_NOWAIT" * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: KVM: x86: MMU: fix ubsan index-out-of-range warning arm64: KVM: vgic-v3: Restore ICH_APR0Rn_EL2 before ICH_APR1Rn_EL2 KVM: async_pf: do not warn on page allocation failures KVM: x86: fix conversion of addresses to linear in 32-bit protected mode KVM: x86: fix missed hardware breakpoints arm/arm64: KVM: Feed initialized memory to MMIO accesses KVM: arm/arm64: vgic: Ensure bitmaps are long enough
2016-02-25Merge tag 'powerpc-4.5-4' of ↵Linus Torvalds3-4/+19
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman: - eeh: Fix partial hotplug criterion from Gavin Shan - mm: Clear the invalid slot information correctly from Aneesh Kumar K.V * tag 'powerpc-4.5-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: powerpc/mm/hash: Clear the invalid slot information correctly powerpc/eeh: Fix partial hotplug criterion
2016-02-25Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2-1/+3
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux Pull s390 bugfixes from Martin Schwidefsky: "Two critical bug fixes for the signal handling" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: s390/fpu: signals vs. floating point control register s390/compat: correct restore of high gprs on signal return
2016-02-25x86/mm: Fix slow_virt_to_phys() for X86_PAE againDexuan Cui1-4/+10
"d1cd12108346: x86, pageattr: Prevent overflow in slow_virt_to_phys() for X86_PAE" was unintentionally removed by the recent "34437e67a672: x86/mm: Fix slow_virt_to_phys() to handle large PAT bit". And, the variable 'phys_addr' was defined as "unsigned long" by mistake -- it should be "phys_addr_t". As a result, Hyper-V network driver in 32-PAE Linux guest can't work again. Fixes: commit 34437e67a672: "x86/mm: Fix slow_virt_to_phys() to handle large PAT bit" Signed-off-by: Dexuan Cui <decui@microsoft.com> Reviewed-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com> Cc: olaf@aepfle.de Cc: gregkh@linuxfoundation.org Cc: jasowang@redhat.com Cc: driverdev-devel@linuxdriverproject.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: apw@canonical.com Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456394292-9030-1-git-send-email-decui@microsoft.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2016-02-25Merge tag 'kvm-arm-for-4.5-rc6' of ↵Paolo Bonzini2-11/+12
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvmarm/kvmarm into kvm-master KVM/ARM fixes for 4.5-rc6 - Fix per-vcpu vgic bitmap allocation - Do not give copy random memory on MMIO read - Fix GICv3 APR register restore order
2016-02-25KVM: x86: MMU: fix ubsan index-out-of-range warningMike Krinkin1-1/+1
Ubsan reports the following warning due to a typo in update_accessed_dirty_bits template, the patch fixes the typo: [ 168.791851] ================================================================================ [ 168.791862] UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in arch/x86/kvm/paging_tmpl.h:252:15 [ 168.791866] index 4 is out of range for type 'u64 [4]' [ 168.791871] CPU: 0 PID: 2950 Comm: qemu-system-x86 Tainted: G O L 4.5.0-rc5-next-20160222 #7 [ 168.791873] Hardware name: LENOVO 23205NG/23205NG, BIOS G2ET95WW (2.55 ) 07/09/2013 [ 168.791876] 0000000000000000 ffff8801cfcaf208 ffffffff81c9f780 0000000041b58ab3 [ 168.791882] ffffffff82eb2cc1 ffffffff81c9f6b4 ffff8801cfcaf230 ffff8801cfcaf1e0 [ 168.791886] 0000000000000004 0000000000000001 0000000000000000 ffffffffa1981600 [ 168.791891] Call Trace: [ 168.791899] [<ffffffff81c9f780>] dump_stack+0xcc/0x12c [ 168.791904] [<ffffffff81c9f6b4>] ? _atomic_dec_and_lock+0xc4/0xc4 [ 168.791910] [<ffffffff81da9e81>] ubsan_epilogue+0xd/0x8a [ 168.791914] [<ffffffff81daafa2>] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0x15c/0x1a3 [ 168.791918] [<ffffffff81daae46>] ? __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x2bd/0x2bd [ 168.791922] [<ffffffff811287ef>] ? get_user_pages_fast+0x2bf/0x360 [ 168.791954] [<ffffffffa1794050>] ? kvm_largepages_enabled+0x30/0x30 [kvm] [ 168.791958] [<ffffffff81128530>] ? __get_user_pages_fast+0x360/0x360 [ 168.791987] [<ffffffffa181b818>] paging64_walk_addr_generic+0x1b28/0x2600 [kvm] [ 168.792014] [<ffffffffa1819cf0>] ? init_kvm_mmu+0x1100/0x1100 [kvm] [ 168.792019] [<ffffffff8129e350>] ? debug_check_no_locks_freed+0x350/0x350 [ 168.792044] [<ffffffffa1819cf0>] ? init_kvm_mmu+0x1100/0x1100 [kvm] [ 168.792076] [<ffffffffa181c36d>] paging64_gva_to_gpa+0x7d/0x110 [kvm] [ 168.792121] [<ffffffffa181c2f0>] ? paging64_walk_addr_generic+0x2600/0x2600 [kvm] [ 168.792130] [<ffffffff812e848b>] ? debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled+0x7b/0x90 [ 168.792178] [<ffffffffa17d9a4a>] emulator_read_write_onepage+0x27a/0x1150 [kvm] [ 168.792208] [<ffffffffa1794d44>] ? __kvm_read_guest_page+0x54/0x70 [kvm] [ 168.792234] [<ffffffffa17d97d0>] ? kvm_task_switch+0x160/0x160 [kvm] [ 168.792238] [<ffffffff812e848b>] ? debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled+0x7b/0x90 [ 168.792263] [<ffffffffa17daa07>] emulator_read_write+0xe7/0x6d0 [kvm] [ 168.792290] [<ffffffffa183b620>] ? em_cr_write+0x230/0x230 [kvm] [ 168.792314] [<ffffffffa17db005>] emulator_write_emulated+0x15/0x20 [kvm] [ 168.792340] [<ffffffffa18465f8>] segmented_write+0xf8/0x130 [kvm] [ 168.792367] [<ffffffffa1846500>] ? em_lgdt+0x20/0x20 [kvm] [ 168.792374] [<ffffffffa14db512>] ? vmx_read_guest_seg_ar+0x42/0x1e0 [kvm_intel] [ 168.792400] [<ffffffffa1846d82>] writeback+0x3f2/0x700 [kvm] [ 168.792424] [<ffffffffa1846990>] ? em_sidt+0xa0/0xa0 [kvm] [ 168.792449] [<ffffffffa185554d>] ? x86_decode_insn+0x1b3d/0x4f70 [kvm] [ 168.792474] [<ffffffffa1859032>] x86_emulate_insn+0x572/0x3010 [kvm] [ 168.792499] [<ffffffffa17e71dd>] x86_emulate_instruction+0x3bd/0x2110 [kvm] [ 168.792524] [<ffffffffa17e6e20>] ? reexecute_instruction.part.110+0x2e0/0x2e0 [kvm] [ 168.792532] [<ffffffffa14e9a81>] handle_ept_misconfig+0x61/0x460 [kvm_intel] [ 168.792539] [<ffffffffa14e9a20>] ? handle_pause+0x450/0x450 [kvm_intel] [ 168.792546] [<ffffffffa15130ea>] vmx_handle_exit+0xd6a/0x1ad0 [kvm_intel] [ 168.792572] [<ffffffffa17f6a6c>] ? kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xbdc/0x6090 [kvm] [ 168.792597] [<ffffffffa17f6bcd>] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xd3d/0x6090 [kvm] [ 168.792621] [<ffffffffa17f6a6c>] ? kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xbdc/0x6090 [kvm] [ 168.792627] [<ffffffff8293b530>] ? __ww_mutex_lock_interruptible+0x1630/0x1630 [ 168.792651] [<ffffffffa17f5e90>] ? kvm_arch_vcpu_runnable+0x4f0/0x4f0 [kvm] [ 168.792656] [<ffffffff811eeb30>] ? preempt_notifier_unregister+0x190/0x190 [ 168.792681] [<ffffffffa17e0447>] ? kvm_arch_vcpu_load+0x127/0x650 [kvm] [ 168.792704] [<ffffffffa178e9a3>] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x553/0xda0 [kvm] [ 168.792727] [<ffffffffa178e450>] ? vcpu_put+0x40/0x40 [kvm] [ 168.792732] [<ffffffff8129e350>] ? debug_check_no_locks_freed+0x350/0x350 [ 168.792735] [<ffffffff82946087>] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x27/0x40 [ 168.792740] [<ffffffff8163a943>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x1673/0x2e40 [ 168.792744] [<ffffffff8129daa8>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x478/0x6c0 [ 168.792747] [<ffffffff8129dcfd>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [ 168.792751] [<ffffffff812e848b>] ? debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled+0x7b/0x90 [ 168.792756] [<ffffffff81725a80>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x1b0/0x12b0 [ 168.792759] [<ffffffff817258d0>] ? ioctl_preallocate+0x210/0x210 [ 168.792763] [<ffffffff8174aef3>] ? __fget+0x273/0x4a0 [ 168.792766] [<ffffffff8174acd0>] ? __fget+0x50/0x4a0 [ 168.792770] [<ffffffff8174b1f6>] ? __fget_light+0x96/0x2b0 [ 168.792773] [<ffffffff81726bf9>] SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90 [ 168.792777] [<ffffffff82946880>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x23/0xc1 [ 168.792780] ================================================================================ Signed-off-by: Mike Krinkin <krinkin.m.u@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Xiao Guangrong <guangrong.xiao@linux.intel.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2016-02-25x86/entry/compat: Add missing CLAC to entry_INT80_32Andy Lutomirski1-0/+1
This doesn't seem to fix a regression -- I don't think the CLAC was ever there. I double-checked in a debugger: entries through the int80 gate do not automatically clear AC. Stable maintainers: I can provide a backport to 4.3 and earlier if needed. This needs to be backported all the way to 3.10. Reported-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.10 and later Fixes: 63bcff2a307b ("x86, smap: Add STAC and CLAC instructions to control user space access") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/b02b7e71ae54074be01fc171cbd4b72517055c0e.1456345086.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2016-02-24Merge tag 'arc-4.5-rc6-fixes-upd' of ↵Linus Torvalds20-163/+134
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vgupta/arc Pull ARC fixes from Vineet Gupta: - Fix for csd deadlock due to missing self IPI - Accompanying IPI cleanups / optimization - Brown paper bag bug in one of the cleanups above - Boot reporting updates for new hardware features - Don't force DEVTMPFS if INITRAMFS * tag 'arc-4.5-rc6-fixes-upd' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vgupta/arc: arc: SMP: CONFIG_ARC_IPI_DBG cleanup ARC: SMP: No need for CONFIG_ARC_IPI_DBG ARCv2: Elide sending new cross core intr if receiver didn't ack prev ARCv2: SMP: Push IPI_IRQ into IPI provider ARC: [intc-compact] Remove IPI setup from ARCompact port ARCv2: SMP: Emulate IPI to self using software triggered interrupt arc: get rid of DEVTMPFS dependency on INITRAMFS_SOURCE ARCv2: boot report CCMs (Closely Coupled Memories) ARCv2: boot print Low Latency Memory ARC: Assume multiplier is always present
2016-02-24arm64: KVM: vgic-v3: Restore ICH_APR0Rn_EL2 before ICH_APR1Rn_EL2Marc Zyngier1-10/+10
The GICv3 architecture spec says: Writing to the active priority registers in any order other than the following order will result in UNPREDICTABLE behavior: - ICH_AP0R<n>_EL2. - ICH_AP1R<n>_EL2. So let's not pointlessly go against the rule... Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
2016-02-24Merge tag 'renesas-soc-fixes-for-v4.5' of ↵Olof Johansson6-23/+19
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/horms/renesas into fixes Renesas ARM Based SoC Fixes for v4.5 * Avoid writing to .text * tag 'renesas-soc-fixes-for-v4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/horms/renesas: ARM: shmobile: Remove shmobile_boot_arg ARM: shmobile: Move shmobile_smp_{mpidr, fn, arg}[] from .text to .bss ARM: shmobile: r8a7779: Remove remainings of removed SCU boot setup code ARM: shmobile: Move shmobile_scu_base from .text to .bss Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2016-02-24KVM: x86: fix conversion of addresses to linear in 32-bit protected modePaolo Bonzini1-2/+2
Commit e8dd2d2d641c ("Silence compiler warning in arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c", 2015-09-06) broke boot of the Hurd. The bug is that the "default:" case actually could modify "la", but after the patch this change is not reflected in *linear. The bug is visible whenever a non-zero segment base causes the linear address to wrap around the 4GB mark. Fixes: e8dd2d2d641cb2724ee10e76c0ad02e04289c017 Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Tested-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2016-02-24KVM: x86: fix missed hardware breakpointsPaolo Bonzini1-0/+1
Sometimes when setting a breakpoint a process doesn't stop on it. This is because the debug registers are not loaded correctly on VCPU load. The following simple reproducer from Oleg Nesterov tries using debug registers in two threads. To see the bug, run a 2-VCPU guest with "taskset -c 0" and run "./bp 0 1" inside the guest. #include <unistd.h> #include <signal.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/ptrace.h> #include <sys/user.h> #include <asm/debugreg.h> #include <assert.h> #define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER) unsigned long encode_dr7(int drnum, int enable, unsigned int type, unsigned int len) { unsigned long dr7; dr7 = ((len | type) & 0xf) << (DR_CONTROL_SHIFT + drnum * DR_CONTROL_SIZE); if (enable) dr7 |= (DR_GLOBAL_ENABLE << (drnum * DR_ENABLE_SIZE)); return dr7; } int write_dr(int pid, int dr, unsigned long val) { return ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, pid, offsetof (struct user, u_debugreg[dr]), val); } void set_bp(pid_t pid, void *addr) { unsigned long dr7; assert(write_dr(pid, 0, (long)addr) == 0); dr7 = encode_dr7(0, 1, DR_RW_EXECUTE, DR_LEN_1); assert(write_dr(pid, 7, dr7) == 0); } void *get_rip(int pid) { return (void*)ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, pid, offsetof(struct user, regs.rip), 0); } void test(int nr) { void *bp_addr = &&label + nr, *bp_hit; int pid; printf("test bp %d\n", nr); assert(nr < 16); // see 16 asm nops below pid = fork(); if (!pid) { assert(ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0,0,0) == 0); kill(getpid(), SIGSTOP); for (;;) { label: asm ( "nop; nop; nop; nop;" "nop; nop; nop; nop;" "nop; nop; nop; nop;" "nop; nop; nop; nop;" ); } } assert(pid == wait(NULL)); set_bp(pid, bp_addr); for (;;) { assert(ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0, 0) == 0); assert(pid == wait(NULL)); bp_hit = get_rip(pid); if (bp_hit != bp_addr) fprintf(stderr, "ERR!! hit wrong bp %ld != %d\n", bp_hit - &&label, nr); } } int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { while (--argc) { int nr = atoi(*++argv); if (!fork()) test(nr); } while (wait(NULL) > 0) ; return 0; } Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Suggested-by: Nadav Amit <namit@cs.technion.ac.il> Reported-by: Andrey Wagin <avagin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2016-02-24arm/arm64: KVM: Feed initialized memory to MMIO accessesMarc Zyngier1-1/+2
On an MMIO access, we always copy the on-stack buffer info the shared "run" structure, even if this is a read access. This ends up leaking up to 8 bytes of uninitialized memory into userspace, depending on the size of the access. An obvious fix for this one is to only perform the copy if this is an actual write. Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
2016-02-24arc: SMP: CONFIG_ARC_IPI_DBG cleanupValentin Rothberg1-5/+0
Previous Commit ("ARC: SMP: No need for CONFIG_ARC_IPI_DBG") removed the Kconfig option ARC_IPI_DBG. Remove the last reference on this option. Signed-off-by: Valentin Rothberg <valentinrothberg@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
2016-02-24Merge tag 'omap-for-v4.5/fixes-rc5' of ↵Olof Johansson7-61/+70
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tmlind/linux-omap into fixes Two omap fixes for omaps against v4.5-rc5: - Yet another fix for n900 onenand to avoid corruption. This time to fix the issue of mounting onenand back and forth between the original maemo kernel and mainline Linux kernel. And it also seems there will be two more fixes coming via the MTD tree as issues were discovered also in the onenand driver during testing. - Revert tps65217 regulator clean up as it breaks MMC for am335x variants. The proper way to clean this up is just to rename the tps65217.dtsi file into tps65217-am335x.dtsi as a similar setup is used on many am335x boards. * tag 'omap-for-v4.5/fixes-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tmlind/linux-omap: ARM: OMAP2+: Fix onenand initialization to avoid filesystem corruption Revert "regulator: tps65217: remove tps65217.dtsi file" Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2016-02-24ARM: at91/dt: fix typo in sama5d2 pinmux descriptionsLudovic Desroches1-1/+1
PIN_PA15 macro has the same value as PIN_PA14 so we were overriding PA14 mux/configuration. Signed-off-by: Ludovic Desroches <ludovic.desroches@atmel.com> Reported-by: Cyrille Pitchen <cyrille.pitchen@atmel.com> Fixes: 7f16cb676c00 ("ARM: at91/dt: add sama5d2 pinmux") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.4+ Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@free-electrons.com> Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2016-02-24Merge tag 'imx-fixes-4.5' of ↵Olof Johansson1-1/+0
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shawnguo/linux into fixes The i.MX fixes for v4.5: - Drop the bogus interrupt-parent from i.MX6 CAAM node, which leads to the CAAM IRQs not getting unmasked at the GPC level. * tag 'imx-fixes-4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shawnguo/linux: ARM: dts: imx6: remove bogus interrupt-parent from CAAM node Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2016-02-24Merge tag 'omap-for-v4.5/fixes-rc3-v2' of ↵Olof Johansson5-5/+41
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tmlind/linux-omap into fixes Few fixes for omaps against v4.5-rc3: - Improve omap_device error message to tell driver writers what is wrong after commit 5de85b9d57ab ("PM / runtime: Re-init runtime PM states at probe error and driver unbind"). There will be also a handful of driver related fixes also queued separately. But adding this error message makes it easy to fix any omap_device using drivers suffering from this issue so I think it's important to have. - Also related to commit 5de85b9d57ab discussion, let's fix a bug where disabling PM runtime via sysfs will also cause the hardware state to be different from PM runtime state. - Fix audio clocks for beagle-x15. - Use wakeup-source instead of gpio-key,wakeup for the new entries that sneaked in during the merge window. - Fix a legacy booting vs device tree based booting regression for n900 where the legacy user space expects to have the device revision available in /proc/atags also when booted with device tree. * tag 'omap-for-v4.5/fixes-rc3-v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tmlind/linux-omap: ARM: OMAP2+: Fix omap_device for module reload on PM runtime forbid ARM: OMAP2+: Improve omap_device error for driver writers ARM: DTS: am57xx-beagle-x15: Select SYS_CLK2 for audio clocks ARM: dts: am335x/am57xx: replace gpio-key,wakeup with wakeup-source property ARM: OMAP2+: Set system_rev from ATAGS for n900 Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2016-02-24Merge tag 'mvebu-fixes-4.5-2' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu into fixesOlof Johansson2-1/+32
mvebu fixes for 4.5 (part 2) - Fix the missing mtd flash on linkstation lswtgl - Use unique machine name for the kirkwood ds112 (for Debian flash-kernel tool) * tag 'mvebu-fixes-4.5-2' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu: ARM: dts: orion5x: fix the missing mtd flash on linkstation lswtgl ARM: dts: kirkwood: use unique machine name for ds112 Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2016-02-24x86/entry/32: Add an ASM_CLAC to entry_SYSENTER_32Andy Lutomirski1-0/+1
Both before and after 5f310f739b4c ("x86/entry/32: Re-implement SYSENTER using the new C path"), we relied on a uaccess very early in the SYSENTER path to clear AC. After that change, though, we can potentially make it all the way into C code with AC set, which enlarges the attack surface for SMAP bypass by doing SYSENTER with AC set. Strengthen the SMAP protection by addding the missing ASM_CLAC right at the beginning. Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/3e36be110724896e32a4a1fe73bacb349d3cba94.1456262295.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2016-02-24ARC: SMP: No need for CONFIG_ARC_IPI_DBGVineet Gupta3-19/+1
This was more relevant during SMP bringup. The warning for bogus msg better be visible always. Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
2016-02-24ARCv2: Elide sending new cross core intr if receiver didn't ack prevVineet Gupta1-17/+10
ARConnect/MCIP IPI sending has a retry-wait loop in case caller had not seen a previous such interrupt. Turns out that it is not needed at all. Linux cross core calling allows coalescing multiple IPIs to same receiver - it is fine as long as there is one. This logic is built into upper layer already, at a higher level of abstraction. ipi_send_msg_one() sets the actual msg payload, but it only calls MCIP IPI sending if msg holder was empty (using atomic-set-new-and-get-old construct). Thus it is unlikely that the retry-wait looping was ever getting exercised at all. Cc: Chuck Jordan <cjordan@synopsys.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
2016-02-24ARCv2: SMP: Push IPI_IRQ into IPI providerVineet Gupta2-1/+1
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
2016-02-24ARC: [intc-compact] Remove IPI setup from ARCompact portVineet Gupta2-4/+0
There is no real ARC700 based SMP SoC so remove IPI definition. EZChip's SMP ARC700 is going to use a different intc and IPI provider anyways. Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
2016-02-24ARCv2: SMP: Emulate IPI to self using software triggered interruptVineet Gupta3-5/+32
ARConnect/MCIP Inter-Core-Interrupt module can't send interrupt to local core. So use core intc capability to trigger software interrupt to self, using an unsued IRQ #21. This showed up as csd deadlock with LTP trace_sched on a dual core system. This test acts as scheduler fuzzer, triggering all sorts of schedulting activity. Trouble starts with IPI to self, which doesn't get delivered (effectively lost due to H/w capability), but the msg intended to be sent remain enqueued in per-cpu @ipi_data. All subsequent IPIs to this core from other cores get elided due to the IPI coalescing optimization in ipi_send_msg_one() where a pending msg implies an IPI already sent and assumes other core is yet to ack it. After the elided IPI, other core simply goes into csd_lock_wait() but never comes out as this core never sees the interrupt. Fixes STAR 9001008624 Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.2] Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
2016-02-23x86: fix SMAP in 32-bit environmentsLinus Torvalds1-0/+26
In commit 11f1a4b9755f ("x86: reorganize SMAP handling in user space accesses") I changed how the stac/clac instructions were generated around the user space accesses, which then made it possible to do batched accesses efficiently for user string copies etc. However, in doing so, I completely spaced out, and didn't even think about the 32-bit case. And nobody really even seemed to notice, because SMAP doesn't even exist until modern Skylake processors, and you'd have to be crazy to run 32-bit kernels on a modern CPU. Which brings us to Andy Lutomirski. He actually tested the 32-bit kernel on new hardware, and noticed that it doesn't work. My bad. The trivial fix is to add the required uaccess begin/end markers around the raw accesses in <asm/uaccess_32.h>. I feel a bit bad about this patch, just because that header file really should be cleaned up to avoid all the duplicated code in it, and this commit just expands on the problem. But this just fixes the bug without any bigger cleanup surgery. Reported-and-tested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>