License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

31 files changed, 31 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/target/Makefile b/drivers/target/Makefile
index e619c0266a79..45634747377e 100644
--- a/drivers/target/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/target/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 target_core_mod-y		:= target_core_configfs.o \
 				   target_core_device.o \
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/Makefile b/drivers/target/iscsi/Makefile
index 0f18295e05bc..8c9ae96b760d 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 iscsi_target_mod-y +=		iscsi_target_parameters.o \
 				iscsi_target_seq_pdu_list.o \
 				iscsi_target_auth.o \
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/cxgbit/Makefile b/drivers/target/iscsi/cxgbit/Makefile
index 4893ec29b6b3..d16aaae7ba2a 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/cxgbit/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/cxgbit/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ccflags-y := -Idrivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4
 ccflags-y += -Idrivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/libcxgb
 ccflags-y += -Idrivers/target/iscsi
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target.h
index e0db2ceb0f87..42de1843aa40 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_auth.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_auth.h
index 1b91c13cc965..d5600ac30b53 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_auth.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_auth.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ISCSI_CHAP_H_
 #define _ISCSI_CHAP_H_
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_datain_values.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_datain_values.h
index 16edeeeb7777..a420fbd37969 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_datain_values.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_datain_values.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_DATAIN_VALUES_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_DATAIN_VALUES_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_device.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_device.h
index 06dbff5cd520..ab2166f17785 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_device.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_device.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_DEVICE_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_DEVICE_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl0.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl0.h
index 3822d9cd1230..3393407bc4e4 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl0.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl0.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_ERL0_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_ERL0_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl1.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl1.h
index 54d36bd25bea..5f66b265b25b 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl1.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl1.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_ERL1_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_ERL1_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl2.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl2.h
index 634d01e13652..93e180d68d07 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl2.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_erl2.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_ERL2_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_ERL2_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_login.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_login.h
index 0e1fd6cedd54..c2495e03625c 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_login.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_login.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_LOGIN_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_LOGIN_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nego.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nego.h
index 53438bfca4c6..835e1b769b3f 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nego.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nego.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_NEGO_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_NEGO_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nodeattrib.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nodeattrib.h
index 79cdf06ade48..ce074cb54579 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nodeattrib.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_nodeattrib.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_NODEATTRIB_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_NODEATTRIB_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_parameters.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_parameters.h
index c47b73f57528..daf47f38e081 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_parameters.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_parameters.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_PARAMETERS_H
 #define ISCSI_PARAMETERS_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_seq_pdu_list.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_seq_pdu_list.h
index be1234362271..5a0907027973 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_seq_pdu_list.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_seq_pdu_list.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_SEQ_AND_PDU_LIST_H
 #define ISCSI_SEQ_AND_PDU_LIST_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tmr.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tmr.h
index 64cc5c07e47c..301f0936bd8e 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tmr.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tmr.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_TMR_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_TMR_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tpg.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tpg.h
index 59fd3cabe89d..88576f5d0ca4 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tpg.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_tpg.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_TPG_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_TPG_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_transport.c b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_transport.c
index c4eb141c6435..036940518bfe 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_transport.c
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_transport.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_util.h b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_util.h
index 425160565d0c..5e053d61c0c5 100644
--- a/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_util.h
+++ b/drivers/target/iscsi/iscsi_target_util.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ISCSI_TARGET_UTIL_H
 #define ISCSI_TARGET_UTIL_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/loopback/tcm_loop.h b/drivers/target/loopback/tcm_loop.h
index 3acc43c05117..d3110909a213 100644
--- a/drivers/target/loopback/tcm_loop.h
+++ b/drivers/target/loopback/tcm_loop.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <target/target_core_base.h> /* struct se_cmd */
diff --git a/drivers/target/sbp/sbp_target.h b/drivers/target/sbp/sbp_target.h
index 73bcb1208832..1d101ac86527 100644
--- a/drivers/target/sbp/sbp_target.h
+++ b/drivers/target/sbp/sbp_target.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _SBP_BASE_H
 #define _SBP_BASE_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_alua.h b/drivers/target/target_core_alua.h
index c69c11baf07f..1902cb5c3b52 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_alua.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_alua.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_ALUA_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_ALUA_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_file.h b/drivers/target/target_core_file.h
index 526595a072de..53be5ffd3261 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_file.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_file.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_FILE_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_FILE_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_iblock.h b/drivers/target/target_core_iblock.h
index f2a5797217d4..b4aeb2584ad4 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_iblock.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_iblock.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_IBLOCK_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_IBLOCK_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_internal.h b/drivers/target/target_core_internal.h
index f30e8ac13386..18e3eb16e756 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_internal.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_INTERNAL_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_pr.h b/drivers/target/target_core_pr.h
index 772f9148e75c..198fad5c89dc 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_pr.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_pr.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_PR_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_PR_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_pscsi.h b/drivers/target/target_core_pscsi.h
index b86fb0e1b783..e8458b5e85c9 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_pscsi.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_pscsi.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_PSCSI_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_PSCSI_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_rd.h b/drivers/target/target_core_rd.h
index 91fc1a34791d..8b88f9b14c3f 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_rd.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_rd.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_RD_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_RD_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_ua.h b/drivers/target/target_core_ua.h
index 97402856a8f0..b0f4205a96cd 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_ua.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_ua.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef TARGET_CORE_UA_H
 #define TARGET_CORE_UA_H
 
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_xcopy.h b/drivers/target/target_core_xcopy.h
index 7c0b105cbe1b..26ba4c3c9cff 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_xcopy.h
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_xcopy.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <target/target_core_base.h>
 
 #define XCOPY_HDR_LEN			16
diff --git a/drivers/target/tcm_fc/Makefile b/drivers/target/tcm_fc/Makefile
index 20b14bb087c9..a7d1593ab5af 100644
--- a/drivers/target/tcm_fc/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/target/tcm_fc/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 tcm_fc-y +=		tfc_cmd.o \
 			tfc_conf.o \
 			tfc_io.o \