Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound: (549 commits)
  ALSA: hda - Fix ADC input-amp handling for Cx20549 codec
  ALSA: hda - Keep EAPD turned on for old Conexant chips
  ALSA: hda/realtek - Fix missing volume controls with ALC260
  ASoC: wm8940: Properly set codec->dapm.bias_level
  ALSA: hda - Fix pin-config for ASUS W90V
  ALSA: hda - Fix surround/CLFE headphone and speaker pins order
  ALSA: hda - Fix typo
  ALSA: Update the sound git tree URL
  ALSA: HDA: Add new revision for ALC662
  ASoC: max98095: Convert codec->hw_write to snd_soc_write
  ASoC: keep pointer to resource so it can be freed
  ASoC: sgtl5000: Fix wrong mask in some snd_soc_update_bits calls
  ASoC: wm8996: Fix wrong mask for setting WM8996_AIF_CLOCKING_2
  ASoC: da7210: Add support for line out and DAC
  ASoC: da7210: Add support for DAPM
  ALSA: hda/realtek - Fix DAC assignments of multiple speakers
  ASoC: Use SGTL5000_LINREG_VDDD_MASK instead of hardcoded mask value
  ASoC: Set sgtl5000->ldo in ldo_regulator_register
  ASoC: wm8996: Use SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT for AIF2 Capture
  ASoC: wm8994: Use SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT for AIF3 Capture
  ...

19 files changed, 339 insertions, 80 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl
index 598c22f3b3ac..5de23c007078 100644
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl
+++ b/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl
@@ -4288,7 +4288,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
 <![CDATA[
   struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
   snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, 0, MPU401_HW_MPU401, port, info_flags,
-                      irq, irq_flags, &rmidi);
+                      irq, &rmidi);
 ]]>
           </programlisting>
         </informalexample>
@@ -4343,6 +4343,13 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
 	by itself to start processing the output stream in the irq handler.
 	</para>
 
+	<para>
+	If the MPU-401 interface shares its interrupt with the other logical
+	devices on the card, set <constant>MPU401_INFO_IRQ_HOOK</constant>
+	(see <link linkend="midi-interface-interrupt-handler"><citetitle>
+	below</citetitle></link>).
+	</para>
+
       <para>
         Usually, the port address corresponds to the command port and
         port + 1 corresponds to the data port. If not, you may change
@@ -4375,14 +4382,12 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
       </para>
 
       <para>
-        The 6th argument specifies the irq number for UART. If the irq
-      is already allocated, pass 0 to the 7th argument
-      (<parameter>irq_flags</parameter>). Otherwise, pass the flags
-      for irq allocation 
-      (<constant>SA_XXX</constant> bits) to it, and the irq will be
-      reserved by the mpu401-uart layer. If the card doesn't generate
-      UART interrupts, pass -1 as the irq number. Then a timer
-      interrupt will be invoked for polling. 
+	The 6th argument specifies the ISA irq number that will be
+	allocated.  If no interrupt is to be allocated (because your
+	code is already allocating a shared interrupt, or because the
+	device does not use interrupts), pass -1 instead.
+	For a MPU-401 device without an interrupt, a polling timer
+	will be used instead.
       </para>
     </section>
 
@@ -4390,12 +4395,13 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime {
       <title>Interrupt Handler</title>
       <para>
         When the interrupt is allocated in
-      <function>snd_mpu401_uart_new()</function>, the private
-      interrupt handler is used, hence you don't have anything else to do
-      than creating the mpu401 stuff. Otherwise, you have to call
-      <function>snd_mpu401_uart_interrupt()</function> explicitly when
-      a UART interrupt is invoked and checked in your own interrupt
-      handler.  
+      <function>snd_mpu401_uart_new()</function>, an exclusive ISA
+      interrupt handler is automatically used, hence you don't have
+      anything else to do than creating the mpu401 stuff.  Otherwise, you
+      have to set <constant>MPU401_INFO_IRQ_HOOK</constant>, and call
+      <function>snd_mpu401_uart_interrupt()</function> explicitly from your
+      own interrupt handler when it has determined that a UART interrupt
+      has occurred.
       </para>
 
       <para>
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/soc/codecs/fsl-sgtl5000.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/soc/codecs/fsl-sgtl5000.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c3cd413f042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/soc/codecs/fsl-sgtl5000.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+* Freescale SGTL5000 Stereo Codec
+
+Required properties:
+- compatible : "fsl,sgtl5000".
+
+Example:
+
+codec: sgtl5000@0a {
+	compatible = "fsl,sgtl5000";
+	reg = <0x0a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8510.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8510.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fa1a32b85577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8510.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8510 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8510"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8510@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8510";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8523.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8523.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..04746186b283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8523.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+WM8523 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports I2C only.
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8523"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8523@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8523";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8580.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8580.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7d9821f348da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8580.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+WM8580 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports I2C only.
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8580"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8580@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8580";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8711.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8711.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8ed9998cd23c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8711.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8711 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8711"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8711@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8711";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8728.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8728.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a8b5c3668e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8728.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8728 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8728"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8728@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8728";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8731.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8731.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..15f70048469b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8731.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8731 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8731"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8731@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8731";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8737.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8737.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4bc2cea3b140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8737.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8737 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8737"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8737@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8737";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8741.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8741.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..74bda58c1bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8741.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8741 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8741"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8741@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8741";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8750.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8750.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8db239fd5ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8750.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8750 and WM8987 audio CODECs
+
+These devices support both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8750" or "wlf,wm8987"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8750@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8750";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8753.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8753.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e65277a0fb60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8753.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8753 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8753"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8737@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8753";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8770.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8770.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..866e00ca150b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8770.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+WM8770 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports SPI.
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8770"
+
+  - reg : the chip select number.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8770@1 {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8770";
+	reg = <1>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8776.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8776.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3b9ca49abc2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8776.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8776 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8776"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8776@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8776";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8804.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8804.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d3a56f38adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wm8804.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+WM8804 audio CODEC
+
+This device supports both I2C and SPI (configured with pin strapping
+on the board).
+
+Required properties:
+
+  - compatible : "wlf,wm8804"
+
+  - reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select
+          number for SPI.
+
+Example:
+
+codec: wm8804@1a {
+	compatible = "wlf,wm8804";
+	reg = <0x1a>;
+};
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
index 89757012c7ff..936699e4f04b 100644
--- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
@@ -886,6 +886,12 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
 		disable)
     power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
 		(default = on)
+    align_buffer_size - Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples
+    		      of 128 bytes. This is more efficient in terms of memory
+		      access but isn't required by the HDA spec and prevents
+		      users from specifying exact period/buffer sizes.
+		      (default = on)
+    snoop	- Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
 
     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
     
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Controls.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Controls.txt
index 1482035243e6..e9621e349e17 100644
--- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Controls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Controls.txt
@@ -98,3 +98,19 @@ Conexant codecs
 
 * Auto-Mute Mode
   See Reatek codecs.
+
+
+Analog codecs
+--------------
+
+* Channel Mode
+  This is an enum control to change the surround-channel setup,
+  appears only when the surround channels are available.
+  It gives the number of channels to be used, "2ch", "4ch" and "6ch".
+  According to the configuration, this also controls the
+  jack-retasking of multi-I/O jacks.
+
+* Independent HP
+  When this enum control is enabled, the headphone output is routed
+  from an individual stream (the third PCM such as hw:0,2) instead of
+  the primary stream.
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt
index d70c93bdcadf..4f3443230d89 100644
--- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ ALC880
 
 ALC260
 ======
-  hp		HP machines
-  hp-3013	HP machines (3013-variant)
-  hp-dc7600	HP DC7600
   fujitsu	Fujitsu S7020
   acer		Acer TravelMate
   will		Will laptops (PB V7900)
@@ -46,15 +43,10 @@ ALC260
 ALC262
 ======
   fujitsu	Fujitsu Laptop
-  hp-bpc	HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops
-  hp-bpc-d7000	HP BPC D7000
-  hp-tc-t5735	HP Thin Client T5735
-  hp-rp5700	HP RP5700
   benq		Benq ED8
   benq-t31	Benq T31
   hippo		Hippo (ATI) with jack detection, Sony UX-90s
   hippo_1	Hippo (Benq) with jack detection
-  sony-assamd	Sony ASSAMD
   toshiba-s06	Toshiba S06
   toshiba-rx1	Toshiba RX1
   tyan		Tyan Thunder n6650W (S2915-E)
@@ -66,43 +58,15 @@ ALC262
 
 ALC267/268
 ==========
-  quanta-il1	Quanta IL1 mini-notebook
-  3stack	3-stack model
-  toshiba	Toshiba A205
-  acer		Acer laptops
-  acer-dmic	Acer laptops with digital-mic
-  acer-aspire	Acer Aspire One
-  dell		Dell OEM laptops (Vostro 1200)
-  zepto		Zepto laptops
-  test		for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can
-		adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
-		$CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
-  auto		auto-config reading BIOS (default)
+  N/A
 
 ALC269
 ======
-  basic		Basic preset
-  quanta	Quanta FL1
   laptop-amic	Laptops with analog-mic input
   laptop-dmic	Laptops with digital-mic input
-  fujitsu	FSC Amilo
-  lifebook	Fujitsu Lifebook S6420
-  auto		auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 
 ALC662/663/272
 ==============
-  3stack-dig	3-stack (2-channel) with SPDIF
-  3stack-6ch	 3-stack (6-channel)
-  3stack-6ch-dig 3-stack (6-channel) with SPDIF
-  5stack-dig	 5-stack with SPDIF
-  lenovo-101e	 Lenovo laptop
-  eeepc-p701	ASUS Eeepc P701
-  eeepc-ep20	ASUS Eeepc EP20
-  ecs		ECS/Foxconn mobo
-  m51va		ASUS M51VA
-  g71v		ASUS G71V
-  h13		ASUS H13
-  g50v		ASUS G50V
   asus-mode1	ASUS
   asus-mode2	ASUS
   asus-mode3	ASUS
@@ -111,15 +75,10 @@ ALC662/663/272
   asus-mode6	ASUS
   asus-mode7	ASUS
   asus-mode8	ASUS
-  dell		Dell with ALC272
-  dell-zm1	Dell ZM1 with ALC272
-  samsung-nc10	Samsung NC10 mini notebook
-  auto		auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 
 ALC680
 ======
-  base		Base model (ASUS NX90)
-  auto		auto-config reading BIOS (default)
+  N/A
 
 ALC882/883/885/888/889
 ======================
@@ -175,28 +134,11 @@ ALC882/883/885/888/889
 
 ALC861/660
 ==========
-  3stack	3-jack
-  3stack-dig	3-jack with SPDIF I/O
-  6stack-dig	6-jack with SPDIF I/O
-  3stack-660	3-jack (for ALC660)
-  uniwill-m31	Uniwill M31 laptop
-  toshiba	Toshiba laptop support
-  asus		Asus laptop support
-  asus-laptop	ASUS F2/F3 laptops
-  auto		auto-config reading BIOS (default)
+  N/A
 
 ALC861VD/660VD
 ==============
-  3stack	3-jack
-  3stack-dig	3-jack with SPDIF OUT
-  6stack-dig	6-jack with SPDIF OUT
-  3stack-660	3-jack (for ALC660VD)
-  3stack-660-digout 3-jack with SPDIF OUT (for ALC660VD)
-  lenovo	Lenovo 3000 C200
-  dallas	Dallas laptops
-  hp		HP TX1000
-  asus-v1s	ASUS V1Sn
-  auto		auto-config reading BIOS (default)
+  N/A
 
 CMI9880
 =======
@@ -289,7 +231,6 @@ Conexant 5051
   hp-dv6736	HP dv6736
   hp-f700	HP Compaq Presario F700
   ideapad	Lenovo IdeaPad laptop
-  lenovo-x200	Lenovo X200 laptop
   toshiba	Toshiba Satellite M300
 
 Conexant 5066
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt
index c82beb007634..03e2771ddeef 100644
--- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt
@@ -447,7 +447,10 @@ The file needs to have a line `[codec]`.  The next line should contain
 three numbers indicating the codec vendor-id (0x12345678 in the
 example), the codec subsystem-id (0xabcd1234) and the address (2) of
 the codec.  The rest patch entries are applied to this specified codec
-until another codec entry is given.
+until another codec entry is given.  Passing 0 or a negative number to
+the first or the second value will make the check of the corresponding
+field be skipped.  It'll be useful for really broken devices that don't
+initialize SSID properly.
 
 The `[model]` line allows to change the model name of the each codec.
 In the example above, it will be changed to model=auto.
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@ Also, the codec chip name can be rewritten via `[chip_name]` line.
 The hd-audio driver reads the file via request_firmware().  Thus,
 a patch file has to be located on the appropriate firmware path,
 typically, /lib/firmware.  For example, when you pass the option
-`patch=hda-init.fw`, the file /lib/firmware/hda-init-fw must be
+`patch=hda-init.fw`, the file /lib/firmware/hda-init.fw must be
 present.
 
 The patch module option is specific to each card instance, and you
@@ -524,6 +527,54 @@ power-saving.  See /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save to
 check the current value.  If it's non-zero, the feature is turned on.
 
 
+Tracepoints
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+The hd-audio driver gives a few basic tracepoints.
+`hda:hda_send_cmd` traces each CORB write while `hda:hda_get_response`
+traces the response from RIRB (only when read from the codec driver).
+`hda:hda_bus_reset` traces the bus-reset due to fatal error, etc,
+`hda:hda_unsol_event` traces the unsolicited events, and
+`hda:hda_power_down` and `hda:hda_power_up` trace the power down/up
+via power-saving behavior.
+
+Enabling all tracepoints can be done like
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/hda/enable
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+then after some commands, you can traces from
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace file.  For example, when you want to
+trace what codec command is sent, enable the tracepoint like:
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace
+  # tracer: nop
+  #
+  #       TASK-PID    CPU#    TIMESTAMP  FUNCTION
+  #          | |       |          |         |
+         <...>-7807  [002] 105147.774889: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a019
+         <...>-7807  [002] 105147.774893: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e39019
+         <...>-7807  [002] 105147.999542: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a01a
+         <...>-7807  [002] 105147.999543: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3901a
+         <...>-26764 [001] 349222.837143: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a019
+         <...>-26764 [001] 349222.837148: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e39019
+         <...>-26764 [001] 349223.058539: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a01a
+         <...>-26764 [001] 349223.058541: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3901a
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Here `[0:0]` indicates the card number and the codec address, and
+`val` shows the value sent to the codec, respectively.  The value is
+a packed value, and you can decode it via hda-decode-verb program
+included in hda-emu package below.  For example, the value e3a019 is
+to set the left output-amp value to 25.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  % hda-decode-verb 0xe3a019
+  raw value = 0x00e3a019
+  cid = 0, nid = 0x0e, verb = 0x3a0, parm = 0x19
+  raw value: verb = 0x3a0, parm = 0x19
+  verbname = set_amp_gain_mute
+  amp raw val = 0xa019
+  output, left, idx=0, mute=0, val=25
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
 Development Tree
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The latest development codes for HD-audio are found on sound git tree: